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Charlie Chaplin

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Charlie Chaplin

Sir Charles Spencer Chaplin Jr. (16 April 1889 – 25 December 1977) was an English comic actor, filmmaker, and composer who rose to fame in the era of silent film. He became a worldwide icon through his screen persona, the Tramp, and is considered one of the film industry's most important figures. His career spanned more than 75 years, from his childhood in the Victorian era until a year before his death in 1977, and encompassed both accolade and controversy. Chaplin's childhood in London was one of poverty and hardship. His father was absent and his mother struggled financially – he was sent to a workhouse twice before the age of nine. When he was 14, his mother was committed to a mental asylum. Chaplin began performing at an early age, touring music halls and later working as a stage actor and comedian. At 19, he was signed to the Fred Karno company, which took him to the United States. He was scouted for the film industry and began appearing in 1914 for Keystone Studios. He soon introduced and adopted the Tramp as his screen persona. He directed his own films and continued to hone his craft as he moved to Essanay Studios, where the Tramp persona was developed emotionally in The Tramp (1915). He then attracted a large fanbase and demanded more money as he moved to Mutual and First National corporations. By 1918, he was one of the world's best-paid and best-known figures. In 1919, Chaplin co-founded the distribution company United Artists, which gave him complete control over his films. His first feature-length film was The Kid (1921), followed by A Woman of Paris (1923), The Gold Rush (1925), and The Circus (1928). He initially refused to move to sound films in the 1930s, instead producing City Lights (1931) and Modern Times (1936) without dialogue. His first sound film was The Great Dictator (1940), which satirised Adolf Hitler. The 1940s were marked with controversy for Chaplin, and his popularity declined rapidly. He was accused of communist sympathies, and some members of the press and public were scandalised by his involvement in a paternity suit and marriages to much younger women. An FBI investigation was opened, and Chaplin was forced to leave the U.S. in 1952 and settle in Switzerland. He abandoned the Tramp in his later films, which include Monsieur Verdoux (1947), Limelight (1952), A King in New York (1957), and A Countess from Hong Kong (1967). Chaplin wrote, directed, produced, edited, and composed the music for most of his films. He was a perfectionist, and his financial independence enabled him to spend years on the development and production of a picture. His films are characterised by slapstick combined with pathos, typified in the Tramp's struggles against adversity. Many contain social and political themes, as well as autobiographical elements. He received an Honorary Academy Award for "the incalculable effect he has had in making motion pictures the art form of this century" in 1972, as part of a renewed appreciation for his work. He continues to be held in high regard, with The Gold Rush, City Lights, Modern Times, and The Great Dictator often ranked on lists of the greatest films.

Infobox

Born
Charles Spencer Chaplin(1889-04-16)16 April 1889London, England
Died
25 December 1977(1977-12-25) (aged 88)Corsier-sur-Vevey, Vaud, Switzerland
Burial place
Cimetière de Corsier-sur-Vevey, Corsier-sur-Vevey, Switzerland
Occupations
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Years active
1899–1975
Works
Full list
Spouses
mw- Mildred Harris (m. 1918; div. 1920) Lita Grey (m. 1924; div. 1927) Paulette Goddard (m. 1936; div. 1942) Oona O'Neill (m. 1943)
Children
11, including Charles Jr., Sydney, Geraldine, Michael, Josephine, Victoria, Eugene, and Christopher
Parent(s)
Charles Chaplin Sr.Hannah Hill
Relatives
Chaplin family
Website
charliechaplin.com

Tables

· Awards and nominations
1928
Academy Award
Role(s)
Honorary Academy Award
Notes
The Circus
1940
Outstanding Production
Role(s)
The Great Dictator
Notes
Nominated
Best Actor
Role(s)
Nominated
Best Original Screenplay
Role(s)
Nominated
National Board of Review
Role(s)
Best Actor
Notes
The Great Dictator
New York Film Critics Circle Award
Role(s)
Best Actor
Notes
Won
1947
Monsieur Verdoux
Role(s)
Nominated
1952
Best Director
Role(s)
Limelight
Notes
Nominated
Best Actor
Role(s)
Nominated
1971
Academy Honorary Award
Role(s)
Received
1972
Best Original Score
Role(s)
Limelight
Notes
Won
Film Society of Lincoln Center
Role(s)
Gala Tribute
Notes
Received
Venice Film Festival
Role(s)
Career Golden Lion
Notes
Received
Hollywood Walk of Fame
Role(s)
Motion Picture - Star
Notes
Received
1974
Directors Guild of America Award
Role(s)
Life Achievement Award
Notes
Received
1976
BAFTA Awards
Role(s)
BAFTA Fellowship
Notes
Received
Year
Association
Category
Nominated work
Result
Ref.
1928
Academy Award
Honorary Academy Award
The Circus
Won
1940
Outstanding Production
The Great Dictator
Nominated
Best Actor
Nominated
Best Original Screenplay
Nominated
1947
Monsieur Verdoux
Nominated
1971
Academy Honorary Award
Received
1972
Best Original Score
Limelight
Won
1940
National Board of Review
Best Actor
The Great Dictator
Won
1940
New York Film Critics Circle Award
Best Actor
Won
1952
Best Director
Limelight
Nominated
Best Actor
Nominated
1976
BAFTA Awards
BAFTA Fellowship
Received
1974
Directors Guild of America Award
Life Achievement Award
Received
1972
Film Society of Lincoln Center
Gala Tribute
Received
1972
Venice Film Festival
Career Golden Lion
Received
1972
Hollywood Walk of Fame
Motion Picture - Star
Received
· Awards and nominations
1928
Himself
Role(s)
The Circus
Notes
Nominated
1940
The Great Dictator
Role(s)
Nominated
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor
Jack Oakie
Role(s)
The Great Dictator
Notes
Nominated
Year
Performer
Film
Result
Academy Award for Best Actor
1928
Himself
The Circus
Nominated
1940
The Great Dictator
Nominated
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor
1940
Jack Oakie
The Great Dictator
Nominated

References

  1. An MI5 investigation in 1952 was unable to find any record of Chaplin's birth. Chaplin biographer David Robinson notes t
  2. Sydney was born when Hannah Chaplin was 19. The identity of his biological father is not known for sure, but Hannah clai
  3. Hannah became ill in May 1896, and was admitted to hospital. Southwark Council ruled that it was necessary to send the c
  4. According to Chaplin, Hannah had been booed off stage and the manager chose him – as he was standing in the wings – to g
  5. The Eight Lancashire Lads were still touring until 1908; the exact time Chaplin left the group is unverified, but based
  6. William Gillette co-wrote the Sherlock Holmes play with Arthur Conan Doyle, and had been starring in it since its New Yo
  7. Chaplin attempted to be a "Jewish comedian", but the act was poorly received and he performed it only once.
  8. $4,800 in 2024 dollars
  9. Robinson notes that this was not strictly true: "The character was to take a year or more to evolve its full dimensions
  10. equivalent to $32,000 in 2024
  11. equivalent to $39,000 in 2024
  12. equivalent to $314,000 in 2024
  13. After leaving Essanay, Chaplin found himself engaged in a legal battle with the company that lasted until 1922. It began
  14. equivalent to $3,140,000 in 2024
  15. equivalent to $209,000 in 2024
  16. equivalent to $19,400,000 in 2024
  17. The British embassy made a statement saying: "[Chaplin] is of as much use to Great Britain now making big money and subs
  18. equivalent to $24,500,000 in 2024
  19. equivalent to $89,600,000 in 2024
  20. In her memoirs, Lita Grey later claimed that many of her complaints were "cleverly, shockingly enlarged upon or distorte
  21. equivalent to $10,860,000 in 2024
  22. equivalent to $62,000,000 in 2024
  23. Chaplin left the United States on 31 January 1931, and returned on 10 June 1932.
  24. Chaplin later said that if he had known the extent of the Nazi Party's actions he would not have made the film; "Had I k
  25. Speculation about Chaplin's racial origin existed from the earliest days of his fame, and it was often reported that he
  26. In December 1942, Barry broke into Chaplin's home with a handgun and threatened suicide while holding him at gunpoint. T
    https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vagrant
  27. According to the prosecutor, Chaplin had violated the act when he paid for Barry's trip to New York in October 1942, whe
  28. Carol Ann's blood group was B, Barry's was A, and Chaplin's was O. In California at this time, blood tests were not acce
  29. Chaplin and O'Neill met on 30 October 1942 and married on 16 June 1943 in Carpinteria, California. Eugene O'Neill disown
  30. equivalent to $96,000 in 2024
  31. Chaplin had already attracted the attention of the FBI long before the 1940s, the first mention of him in their files be
  32. In November 1947, Chaplin asked Pablo Picasso to hold a demonstration outside the US embassy in Paris to protest the dep
  33. Limelight was conceived as a novel, which Chaplin wrote but never intended for publication.
  34. Before leaving America, Chaplin had ensured that Oona had access to his assets.
  35. Robinson speculates that Switzerland was probably chosen because it "was likely to be the most advantageous from a finan
  36. The honour had already been proposed in 1931 and 1956, but was vetoed after a Foreign Office report raised concerns over
  37. Despite asking for an Anglican funeral, Chaplin appeared to be agnostic. In his autobiography he wrote, "I am not religi
  38. Stan Laurel, Chaplin's co-performer at the company, remembered that Karno's sketches regularly inserted "a bit of sentim
  39. Although the film had originally been released in 1952, it did not play for one week in Los Angeles because of its boyco
  40. On his birthday, 16 April, City Lights was screened at a gala at the Dominion Theatre in London, the site of its British
  41. This memoir was first published as a set of five articles in "Women's Home Companion" from September 1933 to January 193
  42. Before Limelight (1952) was conceived as a screenplay, Chaplin wrote Footlights as a 34,000-word novella. Begun on 13 Se
  43. A collection of 24 interviews spanning 1915–1967.
  44. Adherents.com
    https://web.archive.org/web/20110806142841/http://www.adherents.com/people/pc/Charlie_Chaplin.html
  45. Adherents.com
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  46. Variety
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  47. We are the Romani People
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  48. Robinson, p. 10.
  49. The Daily Telegraph
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  50. Express & Star
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  51. Robinson, p. xxiv.
  52. Robinson, pp. 3–4, 19.
  53. Robinson, p. 3.
  54. Robinson, pp. 5–7.
  55. Weissman 2009, p. 10.
  56. Robinson, pp. 9–10, 12.
  57. Robinson, p. 13.
  58. Robinson, p. 15.
  59. Chaplin, p. 10.
  60. Robinson, p. xv.
  61. Robinson, p. 16.
  62. Robinson, p. 19.
  63. Chaplin, p. 29.
  64. Robinson, pp. 24–26.
  65. Weissman 2009, pp. 49–50.
  66. Chaplin, pp. 15, 33.
  67. Robinson, p. 27.
  68. Robinson, p. 36.
  69. Robinson, p. 40.
  70. Weissman 2009, p. 6; Chaplin, pp. 71–74; Robinson, p. 35.
  71. Robinson, p. 41.
  72. Chaplin, p. 88; Robinson, pp. 55–56.
  73. Robinson, p. 17; Chaplin, p. 18.
  74. Chaplin, p. 41.
  75. Marriot, p. 4.
  76. Marriot, p. 213.
  77. Chaplin, p. 44.
  78. Louvish, p. 19.
  79. Robinson, p. 39.
  80. Chaplin, p. 76.
  81. Robinson, pp. 44–46.
  82. Marriot, pp. 42–44; Robinson, pp. 46–47; Louvish, p. 26.
  83. Robinson, pp. 45, 49–51, 53, 58.
  84. Robinson, pp. 59–60.
  85. Chaplin, p. 89.
  86. Marriot, p. 217.
  87. Robinson, p. 63.
  88. Robinson, pp. 63–64.
  89. Marriot, p. 71.
  90. Robinson, pp. 64–68; Chaplin, p. 94.
  91. Robinson, p. 68; Marriot, pp. 81–84.
  92. Robinson, p. 71; Kamin, p. 12; Marriot, p. 85.
  93. Robinson, p. 76.
  94. Robinson, pp. 76–77.
  95. Marriot, pp. 103, 109.
  96. Marriot, pp. 126–128; Robinson, pp. 84–85.
  97. CharlieChaplin.com
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  98. Robinson, p. 88.
  99. Robinson, pp. 91–92.
  100. Robinson, p. 82; Brownlow, p. 98.
  101. The Guardian
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  102. The Guardian
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  103. Robinson, p. 95.
  104. Chaplin, pp. 133–134; Robinson, p. 96.
  105. Robinson, p. 102.
  106. Chaplin, pp. 138–139.
  107. How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda
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  108. Robinson, p. 103; Chaplin, p. 139.
  109. Robinson, p. 107.
  110. Silent Traces: Discovering Early Hollywood Through the Films of Charlie Chaplin
  111. Library of America
    https://www.loa.org/books/348-the-age-of-movies-selected-writings-of-pauline-kael-paperback/
  112. Chaplin, p. 141.
  113. Robinson, p. 108.
  114. Robinson, p. 110.
  115. Chaplin, p. 145.
  116. Robinson, p. 114.
  117. Robinson, p. 113.
  118. Los Angeles Times
    https://www.latimes.com/local/la-xpm-2011-jun-19-la-me-0619-then-20110619-story.html
  119. The British Superhero
  120. Robinson, p. 120.
  121. Chaplin, C. (1964). My Autobiography. New York: Simon and Schuster.
  122. Robinson, p. 121.
  123. Robinson, p. 123.
  124. Maland 1989, p. 5.
  125. Kamin, p. xi.
  126. Chaplin, p. 153.
  127. Robinson, p. 125; Maland 1989, pp. 8–9.
  128. Robinson, pp. 127–128.
  129. Robinson, p. 131.
  130. Robinson, p. 135.
  131. Robinson, pp. 138–139.
  132. Robinson, pp. 141, 219.
  133. Neibaur, p. 23; Chaplin, p. 165; Robinson, pp. 140, 143.
  134. Robinson, p. 143.
  135. Maland 1989, p. 20.
  136. Maland 1989, pp. 6, 14–18.
  137. Maland 1989, pp. 21–24.
  138. Robinson, p. 142; Neibaur, pp. 23–24.
  139. Robinson, p. 146.
  140. Louvish, p. 87.
  141. Robinson, pp. 152–153; Kamin, p. xi; Maland 1989, p. 10.
  142. Maland 1989, p. 8.
  143. Louvish, p. 74; Sklar, p. 72.
  144. Pictures and the Picturegoer
    https://archive.org/details/pictureg09odha/page/46/mode/1up
  145. Robinson, p. 149.
  146. Robinson, pp. 149–152.
  147. Robinson, p. 156.
  148. Photoplay
    https://archive.org/details/PhotoplayMagazineMay1916
  149. Robinson, p. 160.
  150. Larcher, p. 29.
  151. Robinson, p. 159.
  152. Robinson, p. 164.
  153. Robinson, pp. 165–166.
  154. Robinson, pp. 169–173.
  155. Robinson, p. 175.
  156. Robinson, pp. 179–180.
  157. Robinson, p. 191.
  158. Charlie Chaplin
    https://web.archive.org/web/20121122054424/http://chaplin.bfi.org.uk/resources/bfi/biog/biog.php?fid=biog6
  159. Brownlow, p. 45; Robinson, p. 191; Louvish, p. 104; Vance 2003, p. 203.
  160. Chaplin, p. 188.
  161. Unknown Chaplin
  162. Robinson, p. 185.
  163. Robinson, p. 186.
  164. Robinson, p. 187.
  165. Robinson, p. 210.
  166. Robinson, pp. 215–216.
  167. Robinson, p. 213.
  168. Chaplin "Charlie Chaplin meets Harry Lauder – Rare Archival Footage", Roy Export Company Ltd., Association Chaplin via Y
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jYf7O4kzGJQ
  169. Robinson, p. 221.
  170. Schickel, p. 8.
  171. Chaplin, p. 203; Robinson, pp. 225–226.
  172. Robinson, p. 228.
  173. Charlie Chaplin
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  174. Chaplin, p. 208.
  175. Robinson, p. 229.
  176. Robinson, pp. 237, 241.
  177. Robinson, p. 244.
  178. Chaplin, p. 218.
  179. Robinson, pp. 241–245.
  180. Chaplin, pp. 219–220; Balio, p. 12; Robinson, p. 267.
  181. Robinson, p. 269.
  182. Chaplin, p. 223.
  183. Robinson, p. 246.
  184. Robinson, p. 248.
  185. Robinson, pp. 246–249; Louvish, p. 141.
  186. Robinson, p. 251.
  187. Chaplin, p. 235; Robinson, p. 259.
  188. Robinson, p. 252; Louvish, p. 148.
  189. Louvish, p. 146.
  190. Robinson, p. 253.
  191. Robinson, p. 261.
  192. Chaplin, pp. 233–234.
  193. Robinson, p. 265.
  194. Tramp
    https://archive.org/details/tramplifeofcharl00milt/page/184
  195. Robinson, p. 282.
  196. My Wonderful Visit.
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  197. Robinson, pp. 295–300.
  198. Robinson, p. 310.
  199. Robinson, p. 302.
  200. Robinson, pp. 311–312.
  201. Robinson, pp. 319–321.
  202. Robinson, pp. 318–321.
  203. Louvish, p. 193.
  204. Robinson, pp. 302, 322.
  205. Louvish, p. 195.
  206. Kemp, p. 64; Chaplin, p. 299.
  207. Robinson, p. 337.
  208. Robinson, p. 358.
  209. Robinson, pp. 340–345.
  210. Robinson, p. 354.
  211. Robinson, p. 357.
  212. Robinson, p. 358; Kemp, p. 63.
  213. Kemp, pp. 63–64; Robinson, pp. 339, 353; Louvish, p. 200; Schickel, p. 19.
  214. Kemp, p. 64.
  215. Vance 2003, p. 154.
  216. Robinson, p. 346.
  217. Chaplin and Vance, p. 53; Vance 2003, p. 170.
  218. Chaplin and Vance, pp. xvi, xviii, 4, 26, 30.
  219. Robinson, pp. 355, 368.
  220. Infotoline
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  221. Robinson, pp. 350, 368.
  222. Robinson, p. 371.
  223. Louvish, p. 220; Robinson, pp. 372–374.
  224. Maland 1989, p. 96.
  225. Robinson, pp. 372–374; Louvish, pp. 220–221.
  226. Robinson, p. 378.
  227. Maland 1989, pp. 99–105; Robinson, p. 383.
  228. New York Daily News
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  229. Los Angeles Times
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  230. Manti Messenger
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  231. Robinson, p. 360.
  232. Robinson, p. 361.
  233. Robinson, pp. 371, 381.
  234. Louvish, p. 215.
  235. Robinson, pp. 382.
  236. Encyclopædia Britannica
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  237. Brownlow, p. 73; Louvish, p. 224.
  238. Chaplin, p. 322.
  239. Robinson, p. 389; Chaplin, p. 321.
  240. Robinson, p. 465; Chaplin, p. 322; Maland 2007, p. 29.
  241. Robinson, p. 389; Maland 2007, p. 29.
  242. Robinson, p. 398; Maland 2007, pp. 33–34, 41.
  243. Robinson, p. 409, records the date filming ended as 22 September 1930.
  244. Chaplin, p. 324.
  245. "Chaplin as a composer"
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  246. Robinson, p. 410.
  247. Chaplin, p. 325.
  248. Robinson, p. 413.
  249. Maland 2007, pp. 108–110; Chaplin, p. 328; Robinson, p. 415.
  250. Charlie Chaplin
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  251. Maland 2007, pp. 10–11.
  252. Vance 2003, p. 208.
  253. Chaplin, p. 360.
  254. Louvish, p. 243; Robinson, p. 420.
  255. Robinson, pp. 664–666.
  256. Robinson, pp. 429–441.
  257. Silverberg, pp. 1–2.
  258. Larcher, p. 64.
  259. Chaplin, pp. 372, 375.
  260. Robinson, p. 453; Maland 1989, p. 147.
  261. Robinson, p. 451.
  262. Louvish, p. 256.
  263. Larcher, p. 63; Robinson, pp. 457–458.
  264. Louvish, p. 257.
  265. Robinson, p. 465.
  266. Robinson, p. 466.
  267. Robinson, p. 468.
  268. Robinson, pp. 469–472, 474.
  269. Maland 1989, p. 150.
  270. Maland 1989, pp. 144–147.
  271. Maland 1989, p. 157; Robinson, p. 473.
  272. Schneider, p. 125.
  273. Robinson, p. 479.
  274. "Vua hề Charlie Chaplin thăm Đông Dương năm 1936"
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  275. Robinson, p. 469.
  276. Robinson, p. 483.
  277. Robinson, pp. 509–510.
  278. Robinson, p. 485; Maland 1989, p. 159.
  279. Chaplin, p. 386.
  280. Schickel, p. 28; Maland 1989, pp. 165, 170; Louvish, p. 271; Robinson, p. 490; Larcher, p. 67; Kemp, p. 158.
  281. Chaplin, p. 388.
  282. Robinson, p. 496.
  283. Maland 1989, p. 165.
  284. Maland 1989, p. 164.
  285. Chaplin, p. 387.
  286. The Guardian
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  287. Robinson, pp. 154–155.
  288. Maland 1989, pp. 172–173.
  289. Robinson, pp. 505, 507.
  290. Maland 1989, pp. 169, 178–179.
  291. Maland 1989, p. 176; Schickel, pp. 30–31.
  292. Maland 1989, p. 179–181; Louvish, p. 282; Robinson, p. 504.
  293. Maland 1989, pp. 178–179.
  294. Gehring, p. 133.
  295. Encyclopædia Britannica
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  296. Maland 1989, pp. 197–198.
  297. Maland 1989, p. 200.
  298. Maland 1989, pp. 198–201.
  299. Nowell-Smith, p. 85.
  300. Maland 1989, pp. 204–205.
  301. Robinson, pp. 523–524.
  302. Friedrich, pp. 190, 393.
  303. Maland 1989, p. 215.
  304. Associated Press, "Tentative Jury in Chaplin Case – British Nationality Of Actor Made Issue", The San Bernardino Daily S
  305. Associated Press, "Chaplin Acquitted Amid Cheers, Applause – Actor Chokes With Emotion as Court Fight Won", The San Bern
  306. Maland 1989, pp. 214–215.
  307. Louvish, p. xiii.
  308. Maland 1989, pp. 205–206.
  309. Frost, pp. 74–88; Maland 1989, pp. 207–213; Sbardellati and Shaw, p. 508; Friedrich, p. 393.
  310. Louvish, p. 135.
  311. Chaplin, pp. 423–444; Robinson, p. 670.
  312. Sheaffer, pp. 623, 658.
  313. Chaplin, pp. 423, 477.
  314. Robinson, p. 519.
  315. Robinson, pp. 671–675.
  316. Chaplin, p. 426.
  317. Robinson, p. 520.
  318. Chaplin, p. 412.
  319. Robinson, pp. 519–520.
  320. Louvish, p. 304; Sbardellati and Shaw, p. 501.
  321. Louvish, pp. 296–297; Robinson, pp. 538–543; Larcher, p. 77.
  322. Louvish, pp. 296–297; Sbardellati and Shaw, p. 503.
  323. Maland 1989, pp. 235–245, 250.
  324. Maland 1989, p. 250.
  325. Louvish, p. 297.
  326. Chaplin, p. 444.
  327. Maland 1989, p. 251.
  328. Robinson, pp. 538–539; Friedrich, p. 287.
  329. Maland 1989, p. 253.
  330. Maland 1989, pp. 221–226, 253–254.
  331. Larcher, p. 75; Sbardellati and Shaw, p. 506; Louvish, p. xiii.
  332. Sbardellati, p. 152.
  333. Maland 1989, pp. 265–266.
  334. The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/feb/17/mi5-spied-on-charlie-chaplin
  335. Louvish, pp. xiv, 310; Chaplin, p. 458; Maland 1989, p. 238.
  336. Robinson, p. 544.
  337. Maland 1989, pp. 255–256.
  338. Friedrich, p. 286; Maland 1989, p. 261.
  339. Larcher, p. 80; Sbardellati and Shaw, p. 510; Louvish, p. xiii; Robinson, p. 545.
  340. Robinson, p. 545.
  341. The New York Review
    https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2003/09/25/orwells-list/
  342. Maland 1989, pp. 256–257.
  343. Maland 1989, pp. 288–290; Robinson, pp. 551–552; Louvish, p. 312.
  344. Maland 1989, p. 293.
  345. Louvish, p. 317.
  346. Robinson, pp. 549–570.
  347. Robinson, p. 562.
  348. Robinson, pp. 567–568.
  349. Louvish, p. 326.
  350. Robinson, p. 570.
  351. Maland 1989, p. 280.
  352. Maland 1989, pp. 280–287; Sbardellati and Shaw, pp. 520–521.
  353. Chaplin, p. 455.
  354. Robinson, p. 573.
  355. Louvish, p. 330.
  356. Maland 1989, pp. 295–298, 307–311.
  357. Maland 1989, p. 189.
  358. Larcher, p. 89.
  359. Robinson, p. 580.
  360. swissinfo.ch/eng
    http://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/film-legend-found-peace-on-lake-geneva/12814
  361. Robinson, pp. 580–581.
  362. Robinson, p. 581.
  363. Robinson, pp. 584, 674.
  364. Lynn, pp. 466–467; Robinson, p. 584; Balio, pp. 17–21.
  365. Maland 1989, p. 318; Robinson, p. 584.
  366. Robinson, p. 585.
  367. Louvish, pp. xiv–xv.
  368. Louvish, p. 341; Maland 1989, pp. 320–321; Robinson, pp. 588–589; Larcher, pp. 89–90.
  369. Robinson, pp. 587–589.
  370. Charlie Chaplin: Interviews
  371. Epstein, p. 137; Robinson, p. 587.
  372. Lynn, p. 506; Louvish, p. 342; Maland 1989, p. 322.
  373. Robinson, p. 591.
  374. Louvish, p. 347.
  375. Vance 2003, p. 329.
  376. Maland 1989, p. 326.
  377. Robinson, pp. 594–595.
  378. Lynn, pp. 507–508.
  379. Robinson, pp. 598–599.
  380. Lynn, p. 509; Maland 1989, p. 330.
  381. Robinson, pp. 602–605.
  382. Robinson, pp. 605–607; Lynn, pp. 510–512.
  383. Robinson, pp. 608–609.
  384. Robinson, p. 612.
  385. Robinson, p. 607.
  386. Vance 2003, p. 330.
  387. Epstein, pp. 192–196.
  388. Lynn, p. 518; Maland 1989, p. 335.
  389. Robinson, p. 619.
  390. Epstein, p. 203.
  391. Robinson, pp. 620–621.
  392. Robinson, p. 621.
  393. Robinson, p. 625.
  394. Maland 1989, p. 347.
  395. Robinson, pp. 623–625.
  396. Robinson, pp. 627–628.
  397. Robinson, p. 626.
  398. The Telegraph
    https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/3587749/When-Chaplin-played-father.html
  399. Robinson, pp. 626–628.
  400. Lynn, pp. 534–536.
  401. The London Gazette
    https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/46444/supplement/8
  402. "Chaplin Knighthood Blocked"
    https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/2141391.stm
  403. Daily News
    https://web.archive.org/web/20160303192525/http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/movies/charlie-chaplin-knighted-queens-elizabeth-1975-article-1.2548959
  404. Robinson, p. 629.
  405. Vance 2003, p. 359.
  406. Chaplin, p. 287.
  407. Robinson, p. 631.
  408. Robinson, p. 632.
  409. The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2021/jun/21/i-am-very-shy-its-amazing-i-became-a-movie-star-leslie-caron-at-90-on-love-art-and-addiction
  410. "Yasser Arafat: 10 Other People Who Have Been Exhumed"
    https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-20507503
  411. Robinson, pp. 629–631.
  412. Robinson, p. 18.
  413. Robinson, pp. 71–72; Chaplin, pp. 47–48; Weissman 2009, pp. 82–83, 88.
  414. Louvish, p. 38.
  415. Robinson, pp. 86–87.
  416. A round-table Chaplin Interview Archived 28 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine in 1952, first broadcast on BBC Radio on
    http://www.nrk.no/skole/?page=search&mediaId=14092
  417. Lynn, pp. 99–100; Brownlow, p. 22; Louvish, p. 122.
  418. Louvish, pp. 48–49.
  419. Robinson, p. 606.
  420. Brownlow, p. 7.
  421. Louvish, p. 103; Robinson, p. 168.
  422. Robinson, pp. 173, 197, 310, 489.
  423. Robinson, p. 169.
  424. Louvish, p. 168; Robinson, pp. 166–170, 489–490; Brownlow, p. 187.
  425. Louvish, p. 182.
  426. Robinson, p. 460.
  427. Louvish, p. 228.
  428. Robinson, pp. 234–235; Cousins, p. 71.
  429. Robinson, pp. 172, 177, 235, 311, 381, 399; Brownlow, pp. 59, 75, 82, 92, 147.
  430. Brownlow, p. 82.
  431. Robinson, pp. 235, 311, 223; Brownlow, p. 82.
  432. Robinson, p. 746; Maland 1989, p. 359.
  433. Robinson, p. 201; Brownlow, p. 192.
  434. Louvish, p. 225.
  435. Brownlow, p. 157; Robinson, pp. 121, 469.
  436. Robinson, p. 600.
  437. Robinson, pp. 362, 371, 469, 613; Brownlow, pp. 56, 136; Schickel, p. 8.
  438. Bloom, p. 101; Brownlow, pp. 59, 98, 138, 154; Robinson, p. 614.
  439. Robinson, pp. 140, 235–236.
  440. Maland 1989, p. 353.
  441. "Chaplin's Writing and Directing Collaborators"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20120214092650/http://chaplin.bfi.org.uk/programme/essays/collaborators.html
  442. Robinson, p. 212.
  443. Brownlow, p. 30.
  444. Kemp, p. 63.
  445. Mast, pp. 83–92.
  446. Kamin, pp. 6–7.
  447. Mast, pp. 83–92; Kamin, pp. 33–34.
  448. The Comedy of Charlie Chaplin: Artistry in Motion
    https://books.google.com/books?id=BUA8lPNfL5wC
  449. Louvish, p. 60.
  450. Kemp, p. 63; Robinson, pp. 211, 352; Hansmeyer, p. 4.
  451. Robinson, p. 203.
  452. Weissman 2009, p. 47.
  453. Dale, p. 17.
  454. Robinson, pp. 455, 485; Louvish, p. 138(for quote).
  455. Hansmeyer, p. 4.
  456. Robinson, pp. 334–335.
  457. Dale, pp. 9, 19, 20; Louvish, p. 203.
  458. Larcher, p. 75.
  459. Louvish, p. 204.
  460. Kuriyama, p. 31.
  461. Louvish, pp. 137, 145.
  462. Robinson, p. 599.
  463. Robinson, p. 456.
  464. Maland 1989, p. 159.
  465. Larcher, pp. 62–89.
  466. Weissman 1999, pp. 439–445.
  467. Bloom, p. 107.
  468. Robinson, pp. 588–589.
  469. Mast, pp. 123–128.
  470. Louvish, p. 298; Robinson, p. 592.
  471. Epstein, pp. 84–85; Mast, pp. 83–92; Louvish, p. 185.
  472. Robinson, p. 565.
  473. Chaplin, p. 250.
  474. Brownlow, p. 91; Louvish, p. 298; Kamin, p. 35.
  475. McCaffrey, pp. 82–95.
  476. Kamin, p. 29.
  477. Robinson, p. 411; Louvish, pp. 17–18.
  478. Robinson, p. 411.
  479. Vance 2000, p. xiii.
  480. Slowik, p. 133.
  481. Raksin and Berg, pp. 47–50.
  482. Vance, Jeffrey (4 August 2003). "Chaplin the Composer: An Excerpt from Chaplin: Genius of the Cinema". Variety Special A
  483. Kamin, p. 198.
  484. Hennessy, Mike (22 April 1967). "Chaplin's 'Song' Catches Fire in Europe". Billboard, p. 60.
    https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Billboard/60s/1967/Billboard%201967-04-22.pdf#page=56
  485. HuffPost
    https://www.huffingtonpost.com/jay-weston/charlie-chaplin-limelight_b_1938236.html
  486. "Comic Genius Chaplin is Knighted"
    https://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/4/newsid_2794000/2794107.stm
  487. Robinson, p. 610.
  488. "Tribute to Charlie Chaplin"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20121028025117/http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/article/57899.html
  489. Robinson, pp. 625–626.
  490. "40 Years Ago – The Birth of the Chaplin Award"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20120502165257/http://www.filmlinc.com/blog/entry/the-birth-of-the-chaplin-award
  491. Williams, p. 311.
  492. "The 13th Academy Awards: Nominees and Winners"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20120303110034/http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/13th-winners.html
  493. British Academy of Film and Television Arts
    https://www.bafta.org/heritage/features/100-bafta-moments-89-days-to-go
  494. "National Film Registry"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20130328133050/http://www.loc.gov/film/registry_titles.php
  495. Sarris, p. 139.
  496. "Charlie Chaplin"
    https://www.bfi.org.uk/
  497. Time
    https://web.archive.org/web/20110523194732/http://www.time.com/time/time100/artists/profile/chaplin.html
  498. "AFI's 100 Years ... 100 Stars"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20130113043532/http://www.afi.com/100years/stars.aspx
  499. Hansmeyer, p. 3.
  500. Louvish, p. xvii.
  501. Indiewire
    https://web.archive.org/web/20130525165601/http://blogs.indiewire.com/leonardmaltin/chaplinfirst_last_and_always
  502. Schickel, p. 41.
  503. "Record Price for Chaplin Hat Set"
    https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/5116474.stm
  504. Cousins, p. 72; Kemp, pp. 8, 22; Gunning, p. 41; Sarris, p. 139; Hansmeyer, p. 3.
  505. Schickel, pp. 3–4; Cousins, p. 36; Robinson, pp. 209–211; Kamin, p. xiv.
  506. Cousins, p. 70.
  507. Schickel, pp. 7, 13.
  508. Silent Clowns
  509. Thompson, pp. 398–399; Robinson, p. 321; Louvish, p. 185.
  510. Robinson, p. 321.
  511. TLS
    https://www.the-tls.co.uk/articles/truffaut-first-person-cinema/
  512. Brownlow, p. 77.
  513. The Story of Film: An Odyssey
  514. Cardullo, pp. 16, 212.
  515. Charlie Chaplin
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  516. Sight & Sound
    http://people.ucalgary.ca/~tstronds/nostalghia.com/TheTopics/Tarkovsky-TopTen.html
  517. Satyajit Ray world.org
    https://web.archive.org/web/20160924052756/http://satyajitrayworld.org/rays_view.html
  518. Independent
    https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/jean-renoir-the-not-so-simple-man-6111144.html
  519. MoMA
    https://www.moma.org/explore/inside_out/2010/01/19/the-chaplin-revue/
  520. Canemaker, pp. 38, 78.
  521. Jackson, pp. 439–444.
  522. Simmons, pp. 8–11.
  523. Mast, p. 100.
  524. "Sight and Sound Poll 1992: Critics"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20150618053015/http://alumnus.caltech.edu/~ejohnson/sight/1992_1.html
  525. Sight & Sound
    https://web.archive.org/web/20160207035347/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/sightandsoundpoll2012/critics
  526. "Directors' Top 100 Films"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20160209010504/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/sightandsoundpoll2012/directors
  527. Sight & Sound
    https://web.archive.org/web/20160205070805/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/sightandsoundpoll2012/films
  528. "Greatest Film Directors and Their Best Films"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20150419022028/http://www.filmsite.org/directors1.html
  529. "AFI's 100 Years ... 100 Movies – 10th Anniversary Edition"
    http://www.afi.com/100Years/movies10.aspx
  530. Louvish, p. xvi; Maland 1989, pp. xi, 359, 370.
  531. "DVDs, United States"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20131224103005/http://www.charliechaplin.com/en/us/dvds
  532. "Association Chaplin"
    http://www.charliechaplin.com/fr/contacts/articles/148-Association-Chaplin
  533. "Chaplin Archive"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20120710003742/http://chaplin.bfi.org.uk/resources/worldwide/chaplin-archive.html
  534. "Chaplin at the Musée de l'Elysée"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20131105223440/http://www.elysee.ch/en/collections/chaplin-at-the-musee-de-lelysee/
  535. Charlie Chaplin
    https://web.archive.org/web/20131105205524/http://chaplin.bfi.org.uk/programme/conference/
  536. Academy Film Archive
    https://www.oscars.org/film-archive/collections/roy-export-chaplin-collection
  537. "Chaplin's World museum opens its doors in Switzerland"
    https://www.reuters.com/article/us-chaplin-museum-idUSKCN0XF212
  538. The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/film/video/2017/apr/17/charlie-chaplins-gather-in-their-hundreds-to-set-world-record-video
  539. "London Film Museum: About Us"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20120828174545/http://www.londonfilmmuseum.com/south-bank/about-us/
  540. Robinson, p. 677.
  541. "Welcome to IMAX United Kingdom"
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  542. Blue Plaque Places
    https://web.archive.org/web/20180501143558/http://www.blueplaqueplaces.co.uk/subject/sir-charlie-chaplin-2190
  543. Newham Recorder
    https://www.newhamrecorder.co.uk/news/gandhi-chaplin-memorial-garden-opened-in-canning-town-3027550
  544. "Vevey: Les Tours "Chaplin" Ont Été Inaugurées"
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  545. "Charlie Chaplin"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20150222040227/http://visitwaterville.ie/charlie-chaplin/
  546. "The Story"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20120824040116/http://chaplinfilmfestival.com/the-story/
  547. Schmadel, p. 305.
  548. Maland 1989, pp. 362–370.
  549. The Pittsburgh Press
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  550. New Sunday Times
    https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1295&dat=19890416&id=RK5UAAAAIBAJ&pg=4220,91114
  551. "The Museum of Modern Art Honors Charles Chaplin's Contributions to Cinema"
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  552. News18
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  553. "Robert Downey, Jr. profile, Finding Your Roots"
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  554. The New York Times
    https://web.archive.org/web/20151124051810/http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/251894/The-Cat-s-Meow/cast
  555. The New York Times
    https://web.archive.org/web/20151124005021/http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/128737/The-Scarlett-O-Hara-War/cast
  556. "Young Charlie Chaplin Wonderworks"
    http://www.emmys.com/shows/young-charlie-chaplin-wonderworks
  557. The Independent
    https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/charlie-chaplins-family-see-the-funny-side-of-film-about-his-corpse-being-stolen-9697758.html
  558. "Tommy Steele in Search of Charlie Chaplin"
    https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2289366/
  559. "Limelight – The Story of Charlie Chaplin"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20130721141919/http://www.lajollaplayhouse.org/the-season/2010-2011-season/limelight
  560. "Chaplin – A Musical"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20120615070714/http://www.chaplinbroadway.com/
  561. "Ohjelmisto: Chaplin"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20130413030359/http://www.svenskateatern.fi/fi/ohjelmisto/ohjelmisto/chaplin/
  562. "Kulkuri"
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  563. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2025/02/06/theater/plays-musicals-theater-nyc-february.html
  564. The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/books/2009/jun/27/sunnyside-glen-gold-charlie-chaplin
  565. Financial Times
    https://web.archive.org/web/20161113063850/https://www.ft.com/content/3d901676-9f6e-11e6-891e-abe238dee8e2
  566. Los Angeles Times
    https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-11-17-bk-156-story.html
  567. www.casetext.com
    https://web.archive.org/web/20231126160852/http://casetext.com/case/chaplin-v-amador
  568. www.mentalfloss.com
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