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Charles II of Spain

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Charles II of Spain

Charles II (6 November 1661 – 1 November 1700) was King of Spain from 1665 to 1700. The last monarch from the House of Habsburg that had ruled Spain since 1516, his death without children resulted in the 1701 to 1714 War of the Spanish Succession. For reasons still debated, Charles experienced lengthy periods of ill health throughout his life. This made the question of who would succeed him central to European diplomacy for much of his reign, with one historian writing that "from the day of his birth, they were waiting for his death". The two candidates for the succession were Charles of Austria and Philip of Anjou, the 16-year-old grandson of Louis XIV of France. Shortly before dying in November 1700, Charles made the latter his heir, but the acquisition of an undivided Spanish Empire by either threatened the European balance of power and resulted in war.

Infobox

Reign
17 September 1665 – 1 November 1700
Predecessor
Philip IV
Successor
Philip V
Regent
Mariana of Austria (1665–1675)
Born
(1661-11-06)6 November 1661Madrid, Crown of Castile, Spain
Died
1 November 1700(1700-11-01) (aged 38)Madrid, Crown of Castile, Spain
Burial
Monasterio del Escorial
Spouses
mw- Marie Louise d'Orléans (m. 1679; died 1689) Maria Anna of Neuburg (m. 1689)
House
Habsburg
Father
Philip IV of Spain
Mother
Mariana of Austria
Religion
Catholic

Tables

Coat of arms as King of Spain(1665–1668)
Coat of arms as King of Spain(1665–1668)
Col 1
Coat of arms as King of Spain(1665–1668)
Col 2
Coat of arms as King of Spain(1668–1700)
Col 3
Coat of arms as King of Naples & Sicily(1665–1700)
Col 4
Coat of arms as Duke of Milan(1665–1700)
Lesser coat of arms as King of Naples(1665–1668)
Lesser coat of arms as King of Naples(1665–1668)
Col 1
Lesser coat of arms as King of Naples(1665–1668)
Col 2
Coat of arms as King of Naples & Sicily(1665–1700)
Col 3
Coat of arms as King of Navarre(1665–1700)
Col 4
Coat of arms as King of Galicia(1665–1700)
Coat of arms as King of Spain(1665–1668)
Coat of arms as King of Spain(1668–1700)
Coat of arms as King of Naples & Sicily(1665–1700)
Coat of arms as Duke of Milan(1665–1700)
Lesser coat of arms as King of Naples(1665–1668)
Coat of arms as King of Naples & Sicily(1665–1700)
Coat of arms as King of Navarre(1665–1700)
Coat of arms as King of Galicia(1665–1700)
· Sources
Regnal titles
Regnal titles
Charles II of Spain House of HabsburgBorn: 6 November 1661 Died: 1 November 1700
Regnal titles
Preceded byPhilip IV
Preceded byPhilip IV
Charles II of Spain House of HabsburgBorn: 6 November 1661 Died: 1 November 1700
Preceded byPhilip IV
Charles II of Spain House of HabsburgBorn: 6 November 1661 Died: 1 November 1700
King of Spain,Sardinia, Naples, and Sicily;Duke of Milan, Lothier,Brabant, Limburg and LuxemburgCount of Flanders, Hainaut and Namur 1665–1700
Charles II of Spain House of HabsburgBorn: 6 November 1661 Died: 1 November 1700
Succeeded byPhilip V
Count Palatine of Burgundy 1665–1678
Count Palatine of Burgundy 1665–1678
Charles II of Spain House of HabsburgBorn: 6 November 1661 Died: 1 November 1700
Count Palatine of Burgundy 1665–1678
Charles II of Spain House of HabsburgBorn: 6 November 1661 Died: 1 November 1700
Annexed by France
Spanish royalty
Spanish royalty
Charles II of Spain House of HabsburgBorn: 6 November 1661 Died: 1 November 1700
Spanish royalty
VacantTitle last held byPhilip Prospero
VacantTitle last held byPhilip Prospero
Charles II of Spain House of HabsburgBorn: 6 November 1661 Died: 1 November 1700
VacantTitle last held byPhilip Prospero
Charles II of Spain House of HabsburgBorn: 6 November 1661 Died: 1 November 1700
Prince of Asturias 1661–1665
Charles II of Spain House of HabsburgBorn: 6 November 1661 Died: 1 November 1700
VacantTitle next held byLouis Philip
Charles II of Spain House of HabsburgBorn: 6 November 1661 Died: 1 November 1700
Regnal titles
Preceded byPhilip IV
King of Spain,Sardinia, Naples, and Sicily;Duke of Milan, Lothier,Brabant, Limburg and LuxemburgCount of Flanders, Hainaut and Namur 1665–1700
Succeeded byPhilip V
Count Palatine of Burgundy 1665–1678
Annexed by France
Spanish royalty
VacantTitle last held byPhilip Prospero
Prince of Asturias 1661–1665
VacantTitle next held byLouis Philip

References

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  2. Encyclopædia Britannica
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  4. Catholic Encyclopedia
    https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Philip_II
  5. Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich
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  6. Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich
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  7. Neue Deutsche Biographie
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  9. Christina of Denmark, Duchess of Milan and Lorraine, 1522-1590
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  10. Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich
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  11. Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie
    https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:ADB:Wilhelm_V._(Herzog_von_Bayern)
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  13. Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich
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  14. Neue Deutsche Biographie
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  16. Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich
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  17. Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich
    https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/de:BLK%C3%96:Habsburg,_Maria_Anna_von_Spanien
  18. Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich
    https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/de:BLK%C3%96:Habsburg,_Philipp_IV.
  19. Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich
    https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/de:BLK%C3%96:Habsburg,_Maria_Anna_(K%C3%B6nigin_von_Spanien)
  20. Encyclopædia Britannica
    https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Charles_II._(King_of_Spain)
  21. Spanish: Carlos II
  22. Also known to as The Bewitched or Spanish: El Hechizado
  23. Largely to ensure the retention of lands and property
  24. Avunculate marriages, or those between uncle and niece, or aunt and nephew, were unusual but not unknown; examples from
  25. Rickets was common in the 17th century, even among the aristocracy; other examples include Charles I of England
  26. The Crown of Aragon was divided into the autonomous Kingdoms of Aragon, Valencia, Majorca, Naples, Sicily, Sardinia, and
  27. Its literal translation is "favourite", but more properly refers to a chief minister
  28. Despite contemporary suggestions of poison, this claim was extremely common in an era when many illnesses were poorly un
  29. Langdon-Davies 1963, p. 44.
  30. Alvarez, Ceballos & Celsa 2009, pp. 3–4.
  31. Kamen 2002, pp. 344–345.
  32. Stanhope 1840, p. 79.
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  34. Santaliestra 2014, pp. 174–176.
  35. Callaway 2013.
  36. Martin, Heard & Fung 2021.
  37. Turliuc 2019, pp. 76–78.
  38. "Mariana Engracia de Toledo Portugal y Pimentel | Real Academia de la Historia"
    http://dbe.rah.es/biografias/109029/mariana-engracia-de-toledo-portugal-y-pimentel
  39. Calvo 1998, p. 6.
  40. Maura 1879, p. 288.
  41. Keevil 1954, pp. 407–408.
  42. Lozano 2018, p. 143.
  43. Bordas & Robledo 1998, pp. 392–393.
  44. Mitchell 2013, p. 303.
  45. Mitchell 2013, pp. 307–308.
  46. Rule 2017, pp. 91–108.
  47. Stanley 1868, pp. 366–367.
  48. Garcia & Alvariño 2015, pp. 291–293.
  49. Mitchell 2013, pp. 7–9.
  50. Storrs 2006, pp. 6–7.
  51. Cowans 2003, pp. 26–27.
  52. Mitchell 2013, p. 234.
  53. Storrs 2006, p. 155.
  54. Mitchell 2014, pp. 181–182.
  55. Horne 2005, p. 168.
  56. Mitchell 2013, p. 269.
  57. Borgognoni 2018, p. 20–24.
  58. REINADO DE CARLOS II
    http://reinadodecarlosii.blogspot.com/2018/05/el-viii-conde-de-oropesa-una-breve_30.html
  59. Testino-Zafiropaulus 2015, pp. 273–276.
  60. De Vries 2009, pp. 151–194.
  61. Britannica.com
    https://www.britannica.com/place/Spain/Charles-II#ref70418
  62. Kamen 2002, pp. 431–432.
  63. Kamen 2002, p. 434.
  64. Darby 2014, p. 74.
  65. Kamen 1964, p. 63.
  66. García-Escudero López et al 2009, p. 181.
  67. Rule 2017, p. 97.
  68. Rommelse 2011, p. 224.
  69. García-Escudero López et al 2009, p. 182.
  70. Wolf 1968, p. 117.
  71. Meerts 2014, p. 168.
  72. Ward & Leathes 2010, p. 384.
  73. Ward & Leathes 2010, p. 385.
  74. McKay & Scott 1983, pp. 54–55.
  75. Hargreaves-Mawdsley 1979, pp. 15–16.
  76. Gargantilla 2005, p. ?.
  77. Falkner 2015, p. 96.
  78. Ribot 2018, p. 215.
  79. Villanueva 2006, pp. 14–15.
  80. Fox 2013, p. 55.
  81. Kamen 1965, p. 185.
  82. Sullivan 1985, pp. 243–259.
  83. Dubcovsky 2016, p. 114.
  84. Landers 1984, p. 298.
  85. Landers 1984, pp. 300–301.
  86. Dunford & Lee 1999, p. 303.
  87. Beltrán & Carmen 2012.
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