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Charles Edward Stuart

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Charles Edward Stuart

Charles Edward Louis John Sylvester Maria Casimir Stuart (31 December 1720 – 30 January 1788) was the elder son of James Francis Edward Stuart, making him the grandson of James VII and II, and the Stuart claimant to the thrones of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1766. He is also known as the Young Pretender, the Young Chevalier and Bonnie Prince Charlie, and to Jacobites as Charles III. Born in Rome to the exiled Stuart court, he spent much of his early and later life in Italy. In 1744, he travelled to France to take part in a planned invasion of England to restore the Stuart monarchy under his father. When storms partly wrecked the French fleet, Charles resolved to proceed to Scotland following discussion with leading Jacobites. This resulted in Charles landing by ship on the west coast of Scotland, leading to the Jacobite rising of 1745. The Jacobite forces under Charles initially achieved several victories in the field, including the Battle of Prestonpans in September 1745 and the Battle of Falkirk Muir in January 1746. However, by April 1746, Charles was defeated at Culloden, effectively ending the Stuart cause. Although there were subsequent attempts such as a planned French invasion in 1759, Charles was unable to restore the Stuart monarchy. With the Jacobite cause lost, Charles spent the remainder of his life on the continent, except for one secret visit to London. On his return, Charles lived briefly in France before he was exiled in 1748 under the terms of the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle. Charles eventually returned to Italy, where he spent much of his later life living in Florence and Rome. He had a number of mistresses before marrying Princess Louise of Stolberg-Gedern in 1772. In his later life, Charles's health declined greatly, and he was said to be an alcoholic. However, his escapades during the 1745 and 1746 uprisings and his escape from Scotland led to his portrayal as a romantic figure of heroic failure. His life and the once possible prospects of a restored Stuart monarchy have left an enduring historical legend that continues to have a legacy today.

Infobox

Pretendence
1 January 1766 – 30 January 1788
Predecessor
"James VIII and III"
Successor
"Henry IX and I"
Born
(1720-12-31)31 December 1720Palazzo Muti, Rome, Papal States
Died
30 January 1788(1788-01-30) (aged 67)Palazzo Muti, Rome, Papal States
Burial
St Peter's Basilica, Vatican City
Spouse
mw- Princess Louise of Stolberg-Gedern (m. 1772; sep. 1780)
Issue
Charlotte Stuart, Duchess of Albany (illegitimate)
Names
NamesCharles Edward Louis John Sylvester Maria Casimir Stuart[a]
House
Stuart
Father
James Francis Edward Stuart
Mother
Maria Clementina Sobieska
Religion
Catholicism

Tables

· External links
Titles in pretence
Titles in pretence
Charles Edward Stuart House of Stuart Born: 31 December 1720 Died: 31 January 1788
Titles in pretence
Preceded byJames Francis Edward Stuartas James III and VIII
Preceded byJames Francis Edward Stuartas James III and VIII
Charles Edward Stuart House of Stuart Born: 31 December 1720 Died: 31 January 1788
Preceded byJames Francis Edward Stuartas James III and VIII
Charles Edward Stuart House of Stuart Born: 31 December 1720 Died: 31 January 1788
— TITULAR — King of England, Scotland, France and Ireland Jacobite succession1766–1788Reason for succession failure:Grandfather deposed in 1688
Charles Edward Stuart House of Stuart Born: 31 December 1720 Died: 31 January 1788
Succeeded byHenry Benedict Stuartas Henry IX and I
Charles Edward Stuart House of Stuart Born: 31 December 1720 Died: 31 January 1788
Titles in pretence
Preceded byJames Francis Edward Stuartas James III and VIII
— TITULAR — King of England, Scotland, France and Ireland Jacobite succession1766–1788Reason for succession failure:Grandfather deposed in 1688
Succeeded byHenry Benedict Stuartas Henry IX and I

References

  1. Charles may have also been given the middle name Severino.
  2. Charles was born in Rome under the Gregorian calendar, however British sources often cite his date of birth as 20 Decemb
  3. Charles would stay again at Callendar House before the Battle of Falkirk Muir. The Earl however would later be executed
  4. Cope and his army's disastrous defence against the Jacobites was later immortalised in the song "Johnnie Cope".
  5. A first-hand account of these events is given by James, the Chevalier de Johnstone in his "Memoir of the Rebellion 1745–
  6. The Duchy was annexed to France in 1766.
  7. Reported in the Gentleman's Magazine, 1788.
  8. Charlotte went on to have illegitimate children with Ferdinand, an ecclesiastical member of the Rohan family. Their only
  9. The title is frequently used for him in European publications
  10. John Hay Allen and Charles Manning Allen, later known as John Sobieski Stuart and Charles Edward Stuart, claimed, withou
  11. published in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1839, with a poetical illustration by Letitia Elizabeth Landon.
  12. Kybett 1988, p. 20.
  13. Additional Manuscripts, British Library, 30,090, quoted in Frank McLynn, Charles Edward Stuart: A Tragedy in Many Acts (
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