| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1987 | It's Showtime at the Apollo | Himself | |
| 1993–1994 | ComicView | Host |
| 1995 | Def Comedy Jam | 1 episode |
| 1996–2002 | The Steve Harvey Show | Cedric Jackie Robinson | Main role |
| 2001–2005 | The Proud Family | Bobby Proud | Voice, 14 episodes |
| 2002–2003 | Cedric the Entertainer Presents | Himself | Main role |
| 2004 | Eve | Episode: "Porn Free" |
| 2006 | Wild 'n Out | Episode: "Cedric the Entertainer" |
| All of Us | Clarence DeWitt | Episode: "Pass the Peas" |
| 2007 | The Boondocks | Cousin Jericho Freeman | Voice, episode: "Invasion of the Katrinians" |
| 2009 | WWE Raw | Himself | Special guest host, 1 episode |
| 2011 | It's Worth What? | Host |
| Take Two with Phineas and Ferb | Episode: "Cedric the Entertainer" |
| 2011, 2014 | Hot in Cleveland | Reverend Boyce Ballentine | Episodes: "Bridezelka" and "Stayin' Alive" |
| 2012–2016 | The Soul Man | Main role, 54 episodes |
| 2012 | 2 Broke Girls | Darius | Episode: "And the Pre-Approved Credit Card" |
| 2013 | Real Husbands of Hollywood | Himself | Episode: "Blackstabbers" |
| 2013–2014 | Who Wants to Be a Millionaire | Host |
| 2015, 2020 | Whose Line Is It Anyway? | Season 11 Episode 1, Season 16 |
| 2015 | Cedric's Barber Battle | Host |
| 2016 | Another Period | Scott Joplin | Episode: "Joplin" |
| 2017 | Master of None | Kenny 'The Magnificent' | Episode: "Door " |
| Drop the Mic | Himself | Episode: "Niecy Nash vs. Cedric the Entertainer / Liam Payne vs. Jason Derulo" |
| Nightcap | Episode: "Spinster Code" |
| The Comedy Get Down | Main role |
| Superior Donuts | Reggie Wicks | 2 episodes |
| Funny You Should Ask | Himself | 4 episodes |
| 2018–2020 | The Last O.G. | Miniard Mullins | Main cast |
| 2018–2021 | Summer Camp Island | The Moon | Voice, 11 episodes |
| 2018–present | The Neighborhood | Calvin Butler | Main role; also executive producer |
| 2018 | Black-ish | 'Smokey' | 2 episodes |
| Nobodies | Himself | 2 episodes |
| 2019–2020 | Power | Croop | 3 episodes |
| 2020–present | The Greatest Videos | Himself | Host |
| 2020 | Woke | Trashcan | Voice, 3 episodes |
| 2021 | 73rd Primetime Emmy Awards | Himself (host) | Television special |
| 2022–present | The Proud Family: Louder and Prouder | Bobby Proud | Voice |
| 2023 | The Daily Show | Himself (guest) | Episode: April 5 |
| 2024 | John Mulaney Presents: Everybody's in LA | Himself | Episode: "Earthquakes" |
| 2025 | The Masked Singer | Himself/Honeypot | Season 13 contestant |
