Catholic Church in the United States

References

1. cara.georgetown.edu/frequently-requested-church-statistics/
   http://cara.georgetown.edu/frequently-requested-church-statistics/
2. Diocese of Raleigh
   https://dioceseofraleigh.org/news/black-catholics-seek-worship-spaces-free-racism
3. www.cia.gov
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4. Gallup.com
   https://news.gallup.com/poll/341957/religiosity-largely-unaffected-events-2020.aspx
5. cara.georgetown.edu
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6. The End of Race? Obama, 2008, and Racial Politics in America
7. "Roman Catholics, Not Papists: Catholic Identity in Maryland, 1689–1776"
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8. "The Colonial Beginnings of North American Catholicism"
   https://www.americamagazine.org/arts-culture/2017/04/24/colonial-beginnings-north-american-catholicism
9. Richard Midddleton, Colonial America, 94–103
10. "The United States' Catholic Beginnings in Colonial Maryland"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20210126030615/http://napa-institute.org/2018/09/25/the-united-states-catholic-beginnings-in-colonial-maryland/
11. "New England's God: Anti-Catholicism and Colonial New England"
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12. Alan Taylor, American Colonies (New York: Viking, 2001), 137. ISBN 0-670-87282-2
13. Pennsylvania History: A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies
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14. "Welfare and Conversion: The Catholic Church in African-American Communities in the U.S. South, 1884–1939"
    https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/4315075.pdf
15. The Protestant Crusade: 1800–1860; a study of the origins of American nativism
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16. Colonial America 1565–1776
    https://archive.org/details/colonialamericah0000midd
17. American Colonies
18. Middleton 2002, p. 158.
19. The Writers' Guide to Everyday Life in Colonial America, 1607–1783
    https://archive.org/details/writersguidetoev0000tayl
20. Middleton 2002, p. 95–100, 145, 158, 159, 349n.
21. Maynard 1941, p. 126.
22. A History of Christianity in the United States and Canada
    https://archive.org/details/historyofchristi0000noll
23. The Encyclopedia of Colonial and Revolutionary America
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24. William and Mary Quarterly
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25. Maynard 1941, p. 155.
26. Maynard 1941, pp. 126–142.
27. Maynard 1941, pp. 140–141.
28. Catholics and the American Revolution
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29. Ellis 1969, p. 39.
30. Christianity: A Social and Cultural History
    https://archive.org/details/christianitysoci0000unse_l5d3
31. The American Catholic Experience: A History from Colonial Times to the Present
    https://archive.org/details/americancatholic0000dola
32. William and Mary Quarterly
    https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1943414
33. History of the Catholic Church in the Nineteenth Century (1789–1908)
    https://archive.org/details/cu31924092366404
34. Maynard 1941, pp. 145–146.
35. William and Mary Quarterly
    https://doi.org/10.5309%2Fwillmaryquar.68.1.0101
36. Encyclopædia Britannica
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37. "The Story Behind 54 American Cities Named After Catholic Saints"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20180211131731/https://epicpew.com/american-cities-named-saints/
38. "The Sociolinguistic Situation of Creoles in South Louisiana: Identity, Characteristics, Attitudes"
    https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=8282&context=gradschool_disstheses
39. "The Catholic soul of Cajun Country"
    http://www.catholicdigest.com/travel/201001-29the-catholic-soul-of-cajun-country/
40. Gannon, "The Cross in the Sand: The Early Catholic Church in Florida, 1513–1870", University of Florida Press, 1983
41. "Table 1.1 Acquisition of the Public Domain 1781–1867"
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42. "Spanish Place Names in the USA: from Colonial to Mainstream"
    https://www.academia.edu/6760370
43. Journal of Church and State
    https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275318626
44. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
    https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/000271628145400108
45. John T. McGreevy, Catholicism and American Freedom: A History (2003) pp 12–28, 129.
46. Peter McDonough, Men astutely trained: A history of the Jesuits in the American Century (2008).
47. James Hennessy, S.J., American Catholics: A history of the Roman Catholic community in the United States (1981) pp 194–
48. The Review of Politics
    https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0034670500021975
49. Hecker Studies: Essays on the Thought of Isaac Hecker
    https://archive.org/details/heckerstudiesess0000unse
50. James M. O'Toole, The Faithful: A History of Catholics in America (2008) p 104
51. Margaret M. McGuinness, Called to Serve (2013), ch 8
52. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/17/us/catholic-church-ends-takeover-of-leadership-conference-of-women-religious.html
53. John Tracy Ellis, The Life of James Cardinal Gibbons, Volume I, (Milwaukee: The Bruce Publishing Company, 1952) p. 221.
54. Tyler Anbinder, "Nativism and prejudice against immigrants" in Reed Ueda, ed., A companion to American immigration (2006
55. Gerard McKevitt, Brokers of Culture: Italian Jesuits in the American West, 1846–1919 (Stanford: Stanford University Pres
56. American National Biography
    http://www.anb.org/articles/08/08-02390.html
57. Catholics come home
58. Carey 2004, p. 141.
59. David Gibson, "Declaration of interdependence," The Tablet July 4, 2009, 8–9.
60. "Attendance at Religious Service" in Religious Landscape Study, Pew Research, May 12, 2015.
61. Austin Ivereigh, "God Makes a Comeback: An Interview with John Micklethwait, America, October 5, 2009, 13–14.
62. "Why won't my kids go to church"
    http://chnonline.org/special-sections/parenting/10172-why-wont-my-kids-go-to-church.html
63. "America's Changing Religious Landscape"
    https://www.pewforum.org/2015/05/12/americas-changing-religious-landscape/
64. The Manila Times
    http://www.manilatimes.net/immigration-boosting-us-catholic-numbers/220344/
65. Mark A. Noll. THE NEW SHAPE OF WORLD CHRISTIANITY (Downers Grove, IL.: IVP Academic, 2009), 74
66. Arthur Meyers, "Social Justice Warrior," Commonweal, July 6, 2018.
67. Religion Dispatches
    http://religiondispatches.org/american-sin-why-pope-francis-mercy-is-not-our-mercy/
68. Catechism of the Catholic Church
    https://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0015/__P75.HTM
69. Real Clear Politics
    https://web.archive.org/web/20191211165004/https://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2019/12/11/ewtnrealclear_poll_us_catholics_open_to_reelecting_trump_141926.html
70. One Peter 5
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71. MSN.com
    https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/nun-shortage-is-reaching-crisis-with-fewer-sisters-in-the-us/ar-AA102eXL?ocid=mailsignout&pc=U591&cvid=0d08dd22a22a48198447fe49b4cb1c27
72. Bunsen, 2019
73. opendata.socrata.com
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74. WNCN
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75. cara.georgetown.edu
    https://cara.georgetown.edu/frequently-requested-church-statistics/
76. Yearbook of American and Canadian Churches 2010(Nashville: Abington Press, 2010), 12.
77. On July 14, 2010, Pope Benedict XVI erected the Syro-Malankara Catholic Exarchate in the United States.
78. "Catholic Church in Puerto Rico"
    http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/country/pr.html
79. Richard McBrien, THE CHURCH/THE EVOLUTION OF CATHOLICISM (New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 2009), 450. Also see: BASI
80. Annuario Pontificio
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81. McBrien, 241,281, 365,450
82. Washington Post
    https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/09/17/latin-mass-pope-francis/
83. National Catholic Reporter
    https://www.ncronline.org/news/parish/traditional-latin-mass-movement-sows-division-archbishop-says
84. Wall Street Journal
    https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-power-of-the-latin-mass-11631199405
85. The Compass
    https://www.thecompassnews.org/2014/11/pope-bishops-must-servants-vain-careerists-power-honor/
86. USCCB
    https://www.usccb.org/about/bishops-and-dioceses
87. This number is conservative, as it only counts those in parish ministry, but there are many in deanery, diocesan, or cha
88. www.chausa.org
    https://www.chausa.org/docs/default-source/general-files/mini_profile-pdf.pdf?sfvrsn=0
89. "Catholic School Data"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20170320053953/http://www.ncea.org/NCEA/Proclaim/Catholic_School_Data/Catholic_School_Data.aspx
90. "FAQs – Association of Catholic Colleges and Universities"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20170320143331/http://www.accunet.org/i4a/pages/index.cfm?pageid=3797#sthash.xHjNPgWO.dpbs
91. Thomas Healy, "A Blueprint for Change," America September 26, 2005, 14.
92. Thomas E. Buckley, "A Mandate for Anti-Catholicism: The Blaine Amendment," America September 27, 2004, 18–21.
93. Jay P. Dolan, The American Catholic Experience (1985) pp 262–74
94. Jay P. Dolan, The American Catholic Experience (1985) pp 286–91
95. Johns Hopkins Institute for Education Policy
    https://edpolicy.education.jhu.edu/is-the-catholic-school-effect-real-new-research-challenges-the-catholic-primary-school-advantage/
96. William McGurn, "Catholic Schools and Jewish Rye," Wall Street Journal, Jan., 28, 2025, A 17.
97. Jerry Filteau, "Higher education leaders commit to strengthening Catholic identity," NATIONAL CATHOLIC REPORTER, Vol 47,
98. "Diocese of Reno, 2016–2017 Directory"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20170318085655/https://renodiocese.org/documents/2016/9/2016%202017%20directory.pdf
99. Georgetown University
    https://www.georgetown.edu/about/history
100. Christine Williamson, "Notre Dame's endowment skyrockets," Crain's Chicago Business, Jan, 26, 2022
101. "2025 Best National University Rankings" U.S. News & World Report, September 2025.
102. Arthur Jones, "Catholic health care aims to make 'Catholic' a brand name," National Catholic Reporter July 18, 2003, 8.
103. Walsh, Sister Mary Ann (September 10, 2009). "Catholic health care for a broken arm; a cast and new shoes". Orlando, Florida: The Florida Catholic. p. A11.
104. Alice Popovici, "Keeping Catholic priorities on the table," National Catholic Reporter June 26, 2009, 7.
105. Katie Hafner, "When the Religious Objection Comes From Your Local Hospital," The New York Times, August 16, 2018, p. 14
106. "50,000th refugee settled," National Catholic Reporter July 24, 2009, 3.
107. Michael Sean Winters, "Catholic giving bucks national trend," The Tablet, October 23, 2010, 32.
108. Michael V. Gannon, "Before and after Modernism: The Intellectual Isolation of the American Priest," in The Catholic Prie
109. "Is the Bottom Really Falling Out of Catholic Mass Attendance? A Recent CARA Survey Ponders the Question – Community in Mission"
     http://blog.adw.org/2010/12/is-the-bottom-really-falling-out-of-catholic-mass-attendance-a-recent-cara-survey-ponders-the-question/
110. "About Three-In-Ten U.S. Adults Are Now Religiously Unaffiliated, Pew Research Center, December 14, 2021, 3.
111. "Catholics' Church Attendance Resumes Downward Slide"
     https://news.gallup.com/poll/232226/church-attendance-among-catholics-resumes-downward-slide.aspx
112. David Gibson, "Five Myths about Catholic sexual abuse scandal", Washington Post, April 18, 2010.
113. "7 facts about American Catholics"
     https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2018/10/10/7-facts-about-american-catholics/
114. "Where They Were And Where They Went," Commonweal, Volume 147, Number 4, April 2020, 43.
115. "The most and least educated U.S. religious group"
     https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/11/04/the-most-and-least-educated-u-s-religious-groups/
116. "How income varies among U.S. religious groups"
     https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2016/10/11/how-income-varies-among-u-s-religious-groups/
117. Mark Pattison, "New census of 500,000 people reveals shifts in U.S. religious landscape," National Catholic Reporter, Ju
118. Albert J. Mendedez, "American Catholics, A Social and Political Portrait," THE HUMANIST, September/October 1993, 17–20.
119. Michael Paulson, "US religious identity is rapidly changing," Boston Globe, February 26, 2008, 1
120. Ted Olsen, "Go Figure," Christianity Today, April 2008, 15
121. Dennis Sadowski, "When parishes close, there is more to deal with than just logistics," National Catholic Reporter July
122. Robert David Sullivan, "Parishes without pastors decline, but only because more churches have closed," AMERICA, May 24,
123. The Barna Group
     https://web.archive.org/web/20050305223609/http://www.barna.org/FlexPage.aspx?Page=Topic&TopicID=15
124. Pew Report, March 17, 2012. 2.6% of all Americans (320 million) are former Protestants, currently Catholic. 7.8 million.
125. "Study finds Latinos who leave their churches are choosing no faith"
     https://web.archive.org/web/20101225161416/http://jknirp.com/nofaith.htm
126. "The Shifting Religious Identity of Latinos in the United States"
     https://www.pewforum.org/2014/05/07/the-shifting-religious-identity-of-latinos-in-the-united-states/
127. "Statistics on Religion in America Report," Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life, 3/17/12
128. "America's Changing Religious Landscape," Pew Research Center, May 12, 2015.
129. "Religion in Latin American [and among the US Hispanic population]" Pew Research Center, Nov. 13, 2014.
130. "'Act Justly, love goodness': Black Catholics in America," AMERICAMAGAZINE.ORG
131. pewresearch.org>hispanic>2008/02/11> us-population-projection
132. Elizabeth Diaz, "The Rise of Evangelicos," TIME, July 4, 2013. 24.
133. "U.S. Public Becoming Less Religious | Pew Research Center"
     https://www.pewforum.org/2015/11/03/u-s-public-becoming-less-religious/
134. Kenneth Woodward, "Beyond the Gummed Labels," Commonweal, June 2021, 49–50. Woodward reviews the book, Secular Surge, by
135. Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project
     https://www.pewresearch.org/religious-landscape-study/database/religious-tradition/catholic/
136. Richard Carwardine, Evangelicals and Politics in Antebellum America (1993) pp. 89, 106–7.
137. America
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138. The New York Times
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139. Pew Research Center
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140. The New York Times
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141. AP News
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142. Vatican.va
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143. The Guardian
     https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/datablog/2015/sep/22/impact-of-catholicism-america
144. Fundamentalisms Observed
     https://books.google.com/books?id=qd5yzP5hdiEC&pg=PA66
145. dw.com
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146. www.usccb.org
     https://www.usccb.org/news/2023/pope-says-there-strong-reactionary-element-us-catholic-church
147. www.cbsnews.com
     https://www.cbsnews.com/news/pope-francis-criticizes-us-conservatives-church/
148. WBAL
     https://www.wbaltv.com/article/pope-francis-removes-critic-bishop-texas/45812885
149. Time Out New York
     https://web.archive.org/web/20060820014908/http://www.timeout.com/newyork/DetailsAr.do?file=hotseat%2F506%2F506.hotseat.html
150. NPR.org
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151. "Jimmy Fallon"
     https://www.beliefnet.com/celebrity-faith-database/f/jimmy-fallon.aspx
152. "Bill Murray and Jimmy Fallon Miss the Old Latin Mass"
     https://churchpop.com/2014/11/22/bill-murray-jimmy-fallon-miss-old-latin-mass/
153. "Lady Gaga Thanks Priest for "Beautiful Homily" About the Eucharist on Facebook"
     https://churchpop.com/2016/05/10/lady-gaga-thanks-priest-beautiful-homily-eucharist-facebook/
154. "Lady Gaga's Mass pics and posts on faith stir Catholic reaction"
     https://cruxnow.com/church/2016/05/lady-gagas-mass-pics-and-posts-on-faith-stir-catholic-reaction/
155. "Lady Gaga Posts Photo of Herself Praying Rosary with Explanation for Tour Cancelation"
     https://churchpop.com/2017/09/18/lady-gaga-posts-photo-of-her-praying-rosary-with-explanation-for-tour-cancelation/
156. Celebrity Worship
     https://books.google.com/books?id=wtW_DwAAQBAJ&q=lady+gaga+catholic&pg=PT161
157. "Jimmy Kimmel Defends His Catholic Faith Against Attack from Roy Moore"
     https://churchpop.com/2017/12/07/jimmy-kimmel-defends-his-catholic-faith-against-attack-from-roy-moore/
158. Rolling Stone
     https://www.rollingstone.com/tv/tv-features/conan-obrien-late-night-simpsons-catholicism-780706/
159. "Maria Shriver Ends Her Silence On Husband's Campaign"
     http://www.knbc.com/politics/2463270/detail.html
160. Los Angeles Times
     http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/news/la-et-chamaco-20100825,0,2597362.story
161. "Mark Wahlberg talks central role of faith and prayer in his daily life"
     https://web.archive.org/web/20140826174701/http://christiantoday.com.au/article/mark-wahlberg-talks-central-role-of-faith-and-prayer-in-his-daily-life/12692.htm
162. "The religion of John Wayne, actor"
     https://web.archive.org/web/20051119121939/http://www.adherents.com/people/pw/John_Wayne.html
163. California Catholic Daily
     https://web.archive.org/web/20111006041651/http://www.calcatholic.com/news/newsArticle.aspx?id=9e13fe4d-3aac-4aec-abab-032cc267b317
164. Our Sunday Visitor
     https://web.archive.org/web/20180612144020/https://www.osv.com/osvnewsweekly/byissue/article/tabid/735/artmid/13636/articleid/14534/everyone-called-him-duke-john-waynes-conversion-to-catholicism.aspx
165. America: The Jesuit Review
     https://www.americamagazine.org/politics-society/2018/07/18/why-do-catholics-make-majority-supreme-court
166. "Charles Carroll, of Carrollton," The American Catholic Quarterly Review, Vol. XXIV, 1899.
     https://archive.org/stream/americancatholic24philuoft#page/n189/mode/2up
167. USA Today
     https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2018/07/09/supreme-court-nominee-brett-kavanaugh-five-things/770210002
168. Todd S. Purdum, Jodi Wilgoren, and Pam Belluck, "Court Nominee's Life Is Rooted in Faith and Respect for Law," New York
169. The New York Times
     https://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/27/us/27beliefs.html
170. America
     https://www.americamagazine.org/politics-society/2018/07/18/why-do-catholics-make-majority-supreme-court
171. "Catholics and the Supreme Court"
     http://www.ncregister.com/daily-news/catholics-and-the-supreme-court
172. HuffPost
     http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/melania-trump-catholic-white-house_us_59270d0ce4b0265790f5f76f
173. The Catholic Herald
     https://archive.today/20170526172605/http://www.catholicherald.co.uk/news/2017/05/25/us-first-lady-melania-trump-is-catholic-spokeswoman-confirms/
174. Emma Brockes, "Interview: I want to feel what I feel. Even if it's not happiness," THE GUARDIAN, April 13, 2012.
175. Jon Sweeney, "The saint who danced for Queen Victoria," The Tablet, 23, January 2021, 10–11.
176. www.fatherpaulofgraymoor.org
     http://www.fatherpaulofgraymoor.org/
177. Facebook.com/HCFM.org/
178. www.kofc.org
     https://www.kofc.org/en/events/father-mcgivney-beatification/index.html
179. "10 Top Catholic Shrines in the U.S."
     https://web.archive.org/web/20201018134422/https://religioustravelplanningguide.com/10-top-catholic-shrines-in-the-u-s/