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Castor oil

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Castor oil

Castor oil is a vegetable oil pressed from castor beans, the seeds of the plant Ricinus communis. The seeds are 40 to 60 percent oil. It is a colourless or pale yellow liquid with a distinct taste and odor. Its boiling point is 313 °C (595 °F) and its density is 0.961 g/cm3. It includes a mixture of triglycerides in which about 90 percent of fatty acids are ricinoleates. Oleic acid and linoleic acid are the other significant components. Some 270,000–360,000 tonnes (600–800 million pounds) of castor oil are produced annually for a variety of uses. Castor oil and its derivatives are used in the manufacturing of soaps, lubricants, hydraulic and brake fluids, paints, dyes, coatings, inks, cold-resistant plastics, waxes and polishes, nylon, and perfumes.

Tables

Average composition of castor seed oil / fatty acids · Composition
Ricinoleic acid
Ricinoleic acid
Acid name
Ricinoleic acid
Range
85–95
Type
ω−9
Oleic acid
Oleic acid
Acid name
Oleic acid
Range
2–6
Type
ω−9
Linoleic acid
Linoleic acid
Acid name
Linoleic acid
Range
1–5
Type
ω−6
α-Linolenic acid
α-Linolenic acid
Acid name
α-Linolenic acid
Range
0.5–1
Type
ω−3
Stearic acid
Stearic acid
Acid name
Stearic acid
Range
0.5–1
Type
saturated
Palmitic acid
Palmitic acid
Acid name
Palmitic acid
Range
0.5–1
Type
saturated
Dihydroxystearic acid
Dihydroxystearic acid
Acid name
Dihydroxystearic acid
Range
0.3–0.5
Type
saturated
Others
Others
Acid name
Others
Range
0.2–0.5
Acid name
Range
Type
Ricinoleic acid
85–95
ω−9
Oleic acid
2–6
ω−9
Linoleic acid
1–5
ω−6
α-Linolenic acid
0.5–1
ω−3
Stearic acid
0.5–1
saturated
Palmitic acid
0.5–1
saturated
Dihydroxystearic acid
0.3–0.5
saturated
Others
0.2–0.5

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