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Cardinals created by Francis

Updated: 12/11/2025, 9:22:58 AM Wikipedia source

Pope Francis (r. 2013–2025) created cardinals at ten consistories held at roughly annual intervals beginning in 2014 and for the last time on 7 December 2024. The cardinals created by Francis include 163 cardinals from 76 countries, 25 of which had never been represented in the College of Cardinals. His appointments include the first Scandinavian since the Reformation, the first from Goa since an episcopal see was established there in 1533, the first from Latin America's indigenous peoples, the first from India's Dalit community, and the first active head of a religious congregation. He also appointed Cardinal Robert Francis Prevost in 2023, who later became Pope Leo XIV following Francis' death in April 2025. Following the 2024 consistory, 110 of the cardinal electors had been appointed by Francis, 24 by Pope Benedict XVI, and 6 by Pope John Paul II. Each of Francis' consistories increased the number of cardinal electors from at or less than the set limit of 120 to a number higher than 120, as high as 140 in 2024, surpassing the record 135 set by Pope John Paul II in 2001 and 2003. Since 2 June 2023, two-thirds of the cardinal electors have been cardinals created by Francis. The December 2024 consistory increased that to about 79%, and 81% of the electors who participated in the 2025 papal conclave were created by Francis. Francis shifted membership in the College of Cardinals away from Europe. This means that the conclave that chose his successor was the first where Europeans did not account for a majority of electors, instead only making up 40% of electors.

Tables

· 22 February 2014
Pietro Parolin (b. 1955)
Pietro Parolin (b. 1955)
No.
1.
Name
Pietro Parolin (b. 1955)
Title when named cardinal
Secretary of State
Country
Italy
Lorenzo Baldisseri (b. 1940)
Lorenzo Baldisseri (b. 1940)
No.
2.
Name
Lorenzo Baldisseri (b. 1940)
Title when named cardinal
Secretary General of the Synod of Bishops
Country
Italy
Gerhard Ludwig Müller (b. 1947)
Gerhard Ludwig Müller (b. 1947)
No.
3.
Name
Gerhard Ludwig Müller (b. 1947)
Title when named cardinal
Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith
Country
Germany
Beniamino Stella (b. 1941)
Beniamino Stella (b. 1941)
No.
4.
Name
Beniamino Stella (b. 1941)
Title when named cardinal
Prefect of the Congregation for the Clergy
Country
Italy
Vincent Gerard Nichols (b. 1945)
Vincent Gerard Nichols (b. 1945)
No.
5.
Name
Vincent Gerard Nichols (b. 1945)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop of Westminster
Country
United Kingdom
Leopoldo José Brenes Solórzano (b. 1949)
Leopoldo José Brenes Solórzano (b. 1949)
No.
6.
Name
Leopoldo José Brenes Solórzano (b. 1949)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop of Managua
Country
Nicaragua
Gérald Cyprien Lacroix, I.S.P.X. (b. 1957)
Gérald Cyprien Lacroix, I.S.P.X. (b. 1957)
No.
7.
Name
Gérald Cyprien Lacroix, I.S.P.X. (b. 1957)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop of Quebec
Country
Canada
Jean-Pierre Kutwa (b. 1945)
Jean-Pierre Kutwa (b. 1945)
No.
8.
Name
Jean-Pierre Kutwa (b. 1945)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop of Abidjan
Country
Ivory Coast
Orani João Tempesta, O.Cist. (b. 1950)
Orani João Tempesta, O.Cist. (b. 1950)
No.
9.
Name
Orani João Tempesta, O.Cist. (b. 1950)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop of São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro
Country
Brazil
Gualtiero Bassetti (b. 1942)
Gualtiero Bassetti (b. 1942)
No.
10.
Name
Gualtiero Bassetti (b. 1942)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop of Perugia-Città della Pieve
Country
Italy
Mario Aurelio Poli (b. 1947)
Mario Aurelio Poli (b. 1947)
No.
11.
Name
Mario Aurelio Poli (b. 1947)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop of Buenos Aires
Country
Argentina
Andrew Yeom Soo-jung (b. 1943)
Andrew Yeom Soo-jung (b. 1943)
No.
12.
Name
Andrew Yeom Soo-jung (b. 1943)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop of Seoul
Country
South Korea
Ricardo Ezzati Andrello, S.D.B. (b. 1942)
Ricardo Ezzati Andrello, S.D.B. (b. 1942)
No.
13.
Name
Ricardo Ezzati Andrello, S.D.B. (b. 1942)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop of Santiago de Chile
Country
Chile
Philippe Nakellentuba Ouédraogo (b. 1945)
Philippe Nakellentuba Ouédraogo (b. 1945)
No.
14.
Name
Philippe Nakellentuba Ouédraogo (b. 1945)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop of Ouagadougou
Country
Burkina Faso
Orlando Beltrán Quevedo, O.M.I. (b. 1939)
Orlando Beltrán Quevedo, O.M.I. (b. 1939)
No.
15.
Name
Orlando Beltrán Quevedo, O.M.I. (b. 1939)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop of Cotabato
Country
Philippines
Chibly Langlois (b. 1958)
Chibly Langlois (b. 1958)
No.
16.
Name
Chibly Langlois (b. 1958)
Title when named cardinal
Bishop of Les Cayes
Country
Haiti
Loris Francesco Capovilla (1915–2016)
Loris Francesco Capovilla (1915–2016)
No.
17.
Name
Loris Francesco Capovilla (1915–2016)
Title when named cardinal
Prelate Emeritus of Loreto
Country
Italy
Fernando Sebastián Aguilar, C.M.F. (1929–2019)
Fernando Sebastián Aguilar, C.M.F. (1929–2019)
No.
18.
Name
Fernando Sebastián Aguilar, C.M.F. (1929–2019)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop Emeritus of Pamplona y Tudela
Country
Spain
Kelvin Edward Felix (1933–2024)
Kelvin Edward Felix (1933–2024)
No.
19.
Name
Kelvin Edward Felix (1933–2024)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop Emeritus of Castries
Country
St. Lucia
No.
Name
Title when named cardinal
Country
1.
Pietro Parolin (b. 1955)
Secretary of State
Italy
2.
Lorenzo Baldisseri (b. 1940)
Secretary General of the Synod of Bishops
Italy
3.
Gerhard Ludwig Müller (b. 1947)
Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith
Germany
4.
Beniamino Stella (b. 1941)
Prefect of the Congregation for the Clergy
Italy
5.
Vincent Gerard Nichols (b. 1945)
Archbishop of Westminster
United Kingdom
6.
Leopoldo José Brenes Solórzano (b. 1949)
Archbishop of Managua
Nicaragua
7.
Gérald Cyprien Lacroix, I.S.P.X. (b. 1957)
Archbishop of Quebec
Canada
8.
Jean-Pierre Kutwa (b. 1945)
Archbishop of Abidjan
Ivory Coast
9.
Orani João Tempesta, O.Cist. (b. 1950)
Archbishop of São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro
Brazil
10.
Gualtiero Bassetti (b. 1942)
Archbishop of Perugia-Città della Pieve
Italy
11.
Mario Aurelio Poli (b. 1947)
Archbishop of Buenos Aires
Argentina
12.
Andrew Yeom Soo-jung (b. 1943)
Archbishop of Seoul
South Korea
13.
Ricardo Ezzati Andrello, S.D.B. (b. 1942)
Archbishop of Santiago de Chile
Chile
14.
Philippe Nakellentuba Ouédraogo (b. 1945)
Archbishop of Ouagadougou
Burkina Faso
15.
Orlando Beltrán Quevedo, O.M.I. (b. 1939)
Archbishop of Cotabato
Philippines
16.
Chibly Langlois (b. 1958)
Bishop of Les Cayes
Haiti
17.
Loris Francesco Capovilla (1915–2016)
Prelate Emeritus of Loreto
Italy
18.
Fernando Sebastián Aguilar, C.M.F. (1929–2019)
Archbishop Emeritus of Pamplona y Tudela
Spain
19.
Kelvin Edward Felix (1933–2024)
Archbishop Emeritus of Castries
St. Lucia
· 14 February 2015
Dominique Mamberti (b. 1952)
Dominique Mamberti (b. 1952)
No.
1.
Name
Dominique Mamberti (b. 1952)
Title when named cardinal
Prefect of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura
Country
France
Manuel José Macário do Nascimento Clemente (b. 1948)
Manuel José Macário do Nascimento Clemente (b. 1948)
No.
2.
Name
Manuel José Macário do Nascimento Clemente (b. 1948)
Title when named cardinal
Patriarch of Lisbon
Country
Portugal
Berhaneyesus Demerew Souraphiel, C.M. (b. 1948)
Berhaneyesus Demerew Souraphiel, C.M. (b. 1948)
No.
3.
Name
Berhaneyesus Demerew Souraphiel, C.M. (b. 1948)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop of Addis Abeba
Country
Ethiopia
John Atcherley Dew (b. 1948)
John Atcherley Dew (b. 1948)
No.
4.
Name
John Atcherley Dew (b. 1948)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop of Wellington
Country
New Zealand
Edoardo Menichelli (1939–2025)
Edoardo Menichelli (1939–2025)
No.
5.
Name
Edoardo Menichelli (1939–2025)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop of Ancona-Osimo
Country
Italy
Pierre Nguyễn Văn Nhơn (b. 1938)
Pierre Nguyễn Văn Nhơn (b. 1938)
No.
6.
Name
Pierre Nguyễn Văn Nhơn (b. 1938)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop of Hanoi
Country
Vietnam
Alberto Suárez Inda (b. 1939)
Alberto Suárez Inda (b. 1939)
No.
7.
Name
Alberto Suárez Inda (b. 1939)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop of Morelia
Country
Mexico
Charles Maung Bo, S.D.B. (b. 1948)
Charles Maung Bo, S.D.B. (b. 1948)
No.
8.
Name
Charles Maung Bo, S.D.B. (b. 1948)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop of Yangon
Country
Myanmar
Francis Xavier Kriengsak Kovitvanit (b. 1949)
Francis Xavier Kriengsak Kovitvanit (b. 1949)
No.
9.
Name
Francis Xavier Kriengsak Kovitvanit (b. 1949)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop of Bangkok
Country
Thailand
Francesco Montenegro (b. 1946)
Francesco Montenegro (b. 1946)
No.
10.
Name
Francesco Montenegro (b. 1946)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop of Agrigento
Country
Italy
Daniel Fernando Sturla Berhouet, S.D.B. (b. 1959)
Daniel Fernando Sturla Berhouet, S.D.B. (b. 1959)
No.
11.
Name
Daniel Fernando Sturla Berhouet, S.D.B. (b. 1959)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop of Montevideo
Country
Uruguay
Ricardo Blázquez Pérez (b. 1942)
Ricardo Blázquez Pérez (b. 1942)
No.
12.
Name
Ricardo Blázquez Pérez (b. 1942)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop of Valladolid
Country
Spain
José Luis Lacunza Maestrojuán, O.A.R. (b. 1944)
José Luis Lacunza Maestrojuán, O.A.R. (b. 1944)
No.
13.
Name
José Luis Lacunza Maestrojuán, O.A.R. (b. 1944)
Title when named cardinal
Bishop of David
Country
Panama
Arlindo Gomes Furtado (b. 1949)
Arlindo Gomes Furtado (b. 1949)
No.
14.
Name
Arlindo Gomes Furtado (b. 1949)
Title when named cardinal
Bishop of Santiago de Cabo Verde
Country
Cape Verde
Soane Patita Paini Mafi (b. 1961)
Soane Patita Paini Mafi (b. 1961)
No.
15.
Name
Soane Patita Paini Mafi (b. 1961)
Title when named cardinal
Bishop of Tonga
Country
Tonga
José de Jesús Pimiento Rodríguez (1919–2019)
José de Jesús Pimiento Rodríguez (1919–2019)
No.
16.
Name
José de Jesús Pimiento Rodríguez (1919–2019)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop Emeritus of Manizales
Country
Colombia
Luigi De Magistris (1926–2022)
Luigi De Magistris (1926–2022)
No.
17.
Name
Luigi De Magistris (1926–2022)
Title when named cardinal
Pro-Major Penitentiary Emeritus
Country
Italy
Karl-Josef Rauber (1934–2023)
Karl-Josef Rauber (1934–2023)
No.
18.
Name
Karl-Josef Rauber (1934–2023)
Title when named cardinal
Apostolic Nuncio (retired)
Country
Germany
Luis Héctor Villalba (b. 1934)
Luis Héctor Villalba (b. 1934)
No.
19.
Name
Luis Héctor Villalba (b. 1934)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop Emeritus of Tucumán
Country
Argentina
Júlio Duarte Langa (b. 1927)
Júlio Duarte Langa (b. 1927)
No.
20.
Name
Júlio Duarte Langa (b. 1927)
Title when named cardinal
Bishop Emeritus of Xai-Xai
Country
Mozambique
No.
Name
Title when named cardinal
Country
1.
Dominique Mamberti (b. 1952)
Prefect of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura
France
2.
Manuel José Macário do Nascimento Clemente (b. 1948)
Patriarch of Lisbon
Portugal
3.
Berhaneyesus Demerew Souraphiel, C.M. (b. 1948)
Archbishop of Addis Abeba
Ethiopia
4.
John Atcherley Dew (b. 1948)
Archbishop of Wellington
New Zealand
5.
Edoardo Menichelli (1939–2025)
Archbishop of Ancona-Osimo
Italy
6.
Pierre Nguyễn Văn Nhơn (b. 1938)
Archbishop of Hanoi
Vietnam
7.
Alberto Suárez Inda (b. 1939)
Archbishop of Morelia
Mexico
8.
Charles Maung Bo, S.D.B. (b. 1948)
Archbishop of Yangon
Myanmar
9.
Francis Xavier Kriengsak Kovitvanit (b. 1949)
Archbishop of Bangkok
Thailand
10.
Francesco Montenegro (b. 1946)
Archbishop of Agrigento
Italy
11.
Daniel Fernando Sturla Berhouet, S.D.B. (b. 1959)
Archbishop of Montevideo
Uruguay
12.
Ricardo Blázquez Pérez (b. 1942)
Archbishop of Valladolid
Spain
13.
José Luis Lacunza Maestrojuán, O.A.R. (b. 1944)
Bishop of David
Panama
14.
Arlindo Gomes Furtado (b. 1949)
Bishop of Santiago de Cabo Verde
Cape Verde
15.
Soane Patita Paini Mafi (b. 1961)
Bishop of Tonga
Tonga
16.
José de Jesús Pimiento Rodríguez (1919–2019)
Archbishop Emeritus of Manizales
Colombia
17.
Luigi De Magistris (1926–2022)
Pro-Major Penitentiary Emeritus
Italy
18.
Karl-Josef Rauber (1934–2023)
Apostolic Nuncio (retired)
Germany
19.
Luis Héctor Villalba (b. 1934)
Archbishop Emeritus of Tucumán
Argentina
20.
Júlio Duarte Langa (b. 1927)
Bishop Emeritus of Xai-Xai
Mozambique
· 19 November 2016
Mario Zenari (b. 1946)
Mario Zenari (b. 1946)
No.
1.
Name
Mario Zenari (b. 1946)
Title when named cardinal
Apostolic Nuncio to Syria
Country
Italy
Dieudonné Nzapalainga, C.S.Sp. (b. 1967)
Dieudonné Nzapalainga, C.S.Sp. (b. 1967)
No.
2.
Name
Dieudonné Nzapalainga, C.S.Sp. (b. 1967)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop of Bangui
Country
Central African Republic
Carlos Osoro Sierra (b. 1945)
Carlos Osoro Sierra (b. 1945)
No.
3.
Name
Carlos Osoro Sierra (b. 1945)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop of Madrid
Country
Spain
Sérgio da Rocha (b. 1959)
Sérgio da Rocha (b. 1959)
No.
4.
Name
Sérgio da Rocha (b. 1959)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop of Brasília
Country
Brazil
Blase Joseph Cupich (b. 1949)
Blase Joseph Cupich (b. 1949)
No.
5.
Name
Blase Joseph Cupich (b. 1949)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop of Chicago
Country
United States
Patrick D'Rozario, C.S.C. (b. 1943)
Patrick D'Rozario, C.S.C. (b. 1943)
No.
6.
Name
Patrick D'Rozario, C.S.C. (b. 1943)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop of Dhaka
Country
Bangladesh
Baltazar Enrique Porras Cardozo (b. 1944)
Baltazar Enrique Porras Cardozo (b. 1944)
No.
7.
Name
Baltazar Enrique Porras Cardozo (b. 1944)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop of Mérida
Country
Venezuela
Jozef De Kesel (b. 1947)
Jozef De Kesel (b. 1947)
No.
8.
Name
Jozef De Kesel (b. 1947)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop of Mechelen-Brussels
Country
Belgium
Maurice Piat, C.S.Sp. (b. 1941)
Maurice Piat, C.S.Sp. (b. 1941)
No.
9.
Name
Maurice Piat, C.S.Sp. (b. 1941)
Title when named cardinal
Bishop of Port-Louis
Country
Mauritius
Kevin Joseph Farrell (b. 1947)
Kevin Joseph Farrell (b. 1947)
No.
10.
Name
Kevin Joseph Farrell (b. 1947)
Title when named cardinal
Prefect of the Dicastery for the Laity, Family and Life
Country
United States
Carlos Aguiar Retes (b. 1950)
Carlos Aguiar Retes (b. 1950)
No.
11.
Name
Carlos Aguiar Retes (b. 1950)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop of Tlalnepantla
Country
Mexico
John Ribat, M.S.C. (b. 1957)
John Ribat, M.S.C. (b. 1957)
No.
12.
Name
John Ribat, M.S.C. (b. 1957)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop of Port Moresby
Country
Papua New Guinea
Joseph William Tobin, C.Ss.R. (b. 1952)
Joseph William Tobin, C.Ss.R. (b. 1952)
No.
13.
Name
Joseph William Tobin, C.Ss.R. (b. 1952)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop of Indianapolis
Country
United States
Anthony Soter Fernandez (1932–2020)
Anthony Soter Fernandez (1932–2020)
No.
14.
Name
Anthony Soter Fernandez (1932–2020)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop Emeritus of Kuala Lumpur
Country
Malaysia
Renato Corti (1936–2020)
Renato Corti (1936–2020)
No.
15.
Name
Renato Corti (1936–2020)
Title when named cardinal
Bishop Emeritus of Novara
Country
Italy
Sebastian Koto Khoarai, O.M.I. (1929–2021)
Sebastian Koto Khoarai, O.M.I. (1929–2021)
No.
16.
Name
Sebastian Koto Khoarai, O.M.I. (1929–2021)
Title when named cardinal
Bishop Emeritus of Mohale's Hoek
Country
Lesotho
Ernest Simoni (b. 1928)
Ernest Simoni (b. 1928)
No.
17.
Name
Ernest Simoni (b. 1928)
Title when named cardinal
Priest from the Archdiocese of Shkodrë-Pult
Country
Albania
No.
Name
Title when named cardinal
Country
1.
Mario Zenari (b. 1946)
Apostolic Nuncio to Syria
Italy
2.
Dieudonné Nzapalainga, C.S.Sp. (b. 1967)
Archbishop of Bangui
Central African Republic
3.
Carlos Osoro Sierra (b. 1945)
Archbishop of Madrid
Spain
4.
Sérgio da Rocha (b. 1959)
Archbishop of Brasília
Brazil
5.
Blase Joseph Cupich (b. 1949)
Archbishop of Chicago
United States
6.
Patrick D'Rozario, C.S.C. (b. 1943)
Archbishop of Dhaka
Bangladesh
7.
Baltazar Enrique Porras Cardozo (b. 1944)
Archbishop of Mérida
Venezuela
8.
Jozef De Kesel (b. 1947)
Archbishop of Mechelen-Brussels
Belgium
9.
Maurice Piat, C.S.Sp. (b. 1941)
Bishop of Port-Louis
Mauritius
10.
Kevin Joseph Farrell (b. 1947)
Prefect of the Dicastery for the Laity, Family and Life
United States
11.
Carlos Aguiar Retes (b. 1950)
Archbishop of Tlalnepantla
Mexico
12.
John Ribat, M.S.C. (b. 1957)
Archbishop of Port Moresby
Papua New Guinea
13.
Joseph William Tobin, C.Ss.R. (b. 1952)
Archbishop of Indianapolis
United States
14.
Anthony Soter Fernandez (1932–2020)
Archbishop Emeritus of Kuala Lumpur
Malaysia
15.
Renato Corti (1936–2020)
Bishop Emeritus of Novara
Italy
16.
Sebastian Koto Khoarai, O.M.I. (1929–2021)
Bishop Emeritus of Mohale's Hoek
Lesotho
17.
Ernest Simoni (b. 1928)
Priest from the Archdiocese of Shkodrë-Pult
Albania
· 28 June 2017
Jean Zerbo (b. 1943)
Jean Zerbo (b. 1943)
No.
1.
Name
Jean Zerbo (b. 1943)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop of Bamako
Country
Mali
Juan José Omella i Omella (b. 1946)
Juan José Omella i Omella (b. 1946)
No.
2.
Name
Juan José Omella i Omella (b. 1946)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop of Barcelona
Country
Spain
Anders Arborelius, O.C.D. (b. 1949)
Anders Arborelius, O.C.D. (b. 1949)
No.
3.
Name
Anders Arborelius, O.C.D. (b. 1949)
Title when named cardinal
Bishop of Stockholm
Country
Sweden
Louis-Marie Ling Mangkhanekhoun, I.V.D. (b. 1944)
Louis-Marie Ling Mangkhanekhoun, I.V.D. (b. 1944)
No.
4.
Name
Louis-Marie Ling Mangkhanekhoun, I.V.D. (b. 1944)
Title when named cardinal
Apostolic Vicar of Paksé
Country
Laos
Gregorio Rosa Chávez (b. 1942)
Gregorio Rosa Chávez (b. 1942)
No.
5.
Name
Gregorio Rosa Chávez (b. 1942)
Title when named cardinal
Auxiliary Bishop of San Salvador
Country
El Salvador
No.
Name
Title when named cardinal
Country
1.
Jean Zerbo (b. 1943)
Archbishop of Bamako
Mali
2.
Juan José Omella i Omella (b. 1946)
Archbishop of Barcelona
Spain
3.
Anders Arborelius, O.C.D. (b. 1949)
Bishop of Stockholm
Sweden
4.
Louis-Marie Ling Mangkhanekhoun, I.V.D. (b. 1944)
Apostolic Vicar of Paksé
Laos
5.
Gregorio Rosa Chávez (b. 1942)
Auxiliary Bishop of San Salvador
El Salvador
· 28 June 2018
Louis Raphael I Sako (b. 1948)
Louis Raphael I Sako (b. 1948)
No.
1.
Name
Louis Raphael I Sako (b. 1948)
Title when named cardinal
Patriarch of Babylon of the Chaldeans
Country
Iraq
Luis Francisco Ladaria Ferrer, S.J. (b. 1944)
Luis Francisco Ladaria Ferrer, S.J. (b. 1944)
No.
2.
Name
Luis Francisco Ladaria Ferrer, S.J. (b. 1944)
Title when named cardinal
Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith
Country
Spain
Angelo De Donatis (b. 1954)
Angelo De Donatis (b. 1954)
No.
3.
Name
Angelo De Donatis (b. 1954)
Title when named cardinal
Vicar General of Rome
Country
Italy
Giovanni Angelo Becciu (b. 1948)
Giovanni Angelo Becciu (b. 1948)
No.
4.
Name
Giovanni Angelo Becciu (b. 1948)
Title when named cardinal
Substitute of the Secretariat of State
Country
Italy
Konrad Krajewski (b. 1963)
Konrad Krajewski (b. 1963)
No.
5.
Name
Konrad Krajewski (b. 1963)
Title when named cardinal
Almoner of the Office of Papal Charities
Country
Poland
Joseph Coutts (b. 1945)
Joseph Coutts (b. 1945)
No.
6.
Name
Joseph Coutts (b. 1945)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop of Karachi
Country
Pakistan
António Augusto dos Santos Marto (b. 1947)
António Augusto dos Santos Marto (b. 1947)
No.
7.
Name
António Augusto dos Santos Marto (b. 1947)
Title when named cardinal
Bishop of Leiria-Fátima
Country
Portugal
Pedro Ricardo Barreto Jimeno, S.J. (b. 1944)
Pedro Ricardo Barreto Jimeno, S.J. (b. 1944)
No.
8.
Name
Pedro Ricardo Barreto Jimeno, S.J. (b. 1944)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop of Huancayo
Country
Peru
Désiré Tsarahazana (b. 1954)
Désiré Tsarahazana (b. 1954)
No.
9.
Name
Désiré Tsarahazana (b. 1954)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop of Toamasina
Country
Madagascar
Giuseppe Petrocchi (b. 1948)
Giuseppe Petrocchi (b. 1948)
No.
10.
Name
Giuseppe Petrocchi (b. 1948)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop of L'Aquila
Country
Italy
Thomas Aquino Manyo Maeda (b. 1949)
Thomas Aquino Manyo Maeda (b. 1949)
No.
11.
Name
Thomas Aquino Manyo Maeda (b. 1949)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop of Osaka
Country
Japan
Sergio Obeso Rivera (1931–2019)
Sergio Obeso Rivera (1931–2019)
No.
12.
Name
Sergio Obeso Rivera (1931–2019)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop Emeritus of Xalapa
Country
Mexico
Toribio Ticona Porco (b. 1937)
Toribio Ticona Porco (b. 1937)
No.
13.
Name
Toribio Ticona Porco (b. 1937)
Title when named cardinal
Prelate Emeritus of Corocoro
Country
Bolivia
Aquilino Bocos Merino, C.M.F. (b. 1938)
Aquilino Bocos Merino, C.M.F. (b. 1938)
No.
14.
Name
Aquilino Bocos Merino, C.M.F. (b. 1938)
Title when named cardinal
Superior General Emeritus of the Claretians
Country
Spain
No.
Name
Title when named cardinal
Country
1.
Louis Raphael I Sako (b. 1948)
Patriarch of Babylon of the Chaldeans
Iraq
2.
Luis Francisco Ladaria Ferrer, S.J. (b. 1944)
Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith
Spain
3.
Angelo De Donatis (b. 1954)
Vicar General of Rome
Italy
4.
Giovanni Angelo Becciu (b. 1948)
Substitute of the Secretariat of State
Italy
5.
Konrad Krajewski (b. 1963)
Almoner of the Office of Papal Charities
Poland
6.
Joseph Coutts (b. 1945)
Archbishop of Karachi
Pakistan
7.
António Augusto dos Santos Marto (b. 1947)
Bishop of Leiria-Fátima
Portugal
8.
Pedro Ricardo Barreto Jimeno, S.J. (b. 1944)
Archbishop of Huancayo
Peru
9.
Désiré Tsarahazana (b. 1954)
Archbishop of Toamasina
Madagascar
10.
Giuseppe Petrocchi (b. 1948)
Archbishop of L'Aquila
Italy
11.
Thomas Aquino Manyo Maeda (b. 1949)
Archbishop of Osaka
Japan
12.
Sergio Obeso Rivera (1931–2019)
Archbishop Emeritus of Xalapa
Mexico
13.
Toribio Ticona Porco (b. 1937)
Prelate Emeritus of Corocoro
Bolivia
14.
Aquilino Bocos Merino, C.M.F. (b. 1938)
Superior General Emeritus of the Claretians
Spain
· 5 October 2019
Miguel Ángel Ayuso Guixot M.C.C.J. (1952–2024)
Miguel Ángel Ayuso Guixot M.C.C.J. (1952–2024)
No.
1.
Name
Miguel Ángel Ayuso Guixot M.C.C.J. (1952–2024)
Title when named cardinal
President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue
Country
Spain
José Tolentino Calaça de Mendonça (b. 1965)
José Tolentino Calaça de Mendonça (b. 1965)
No.
2.
Name
José Tolentino Calaça de Mendonça (b. 1965)
Title when named cardinal
Librarian & Archivist of the Roman Church
Country
Portugal
Ignatius Suharyo Hardjoatmodjo (b. 1950)
Ignatius Suharyo Hardjoatmodjo (b. 1950)
No.
3.
Name
Ignatius Suharyo Hardjoatmodjo (b. 1950)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop of Jakarta
Country
Indonesia
Juan de la Caridad García Rodríguez (b. 1948)
Juan de la Caridad García Rodríguez (b. 1948)
No.
4.
Name
Juan de la Caridad García Rodríguez (b. 1948)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop of San Cristóbal de la Habana
Country
Cuba
Fridolin Ambongo Besungu O.F.M. Cap. (b. 1960)
Fridolin Ambongo Besungu O.F.M. Cap. (b. 1960)
No.
5.
Name
Fridolin Ambongo Besungu O.F.M. Cap. (b. 1960)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop of Kinshasa
Country
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Jean-Claude Hollerich S.J. (b. 1958)
Jean-Claude Hollerich S.J. (b. 1958)
No.
6.
Name
Jean-Claude Hollerich S.J. (b. 1958)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop of Luxembourg
Country
Luxembourg
Álvaro Leonel Ramazzini Imeri (b. 1947)
Álvaro Leonel Ramazzini Imeri (b. 1947)
No.
7.
Name
Álvaro Leonel Ramazzini Imeri (b. 1947)
Title when named cardinal
Bishop of Huehuetenango
Country
Guatemala
Matteo Maria Zuppi (b. 1955)
Matteo Maria Zuppi (b. 1955)
No.
8.
Name
Matteo Maria Zuppi (b. 1955)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop of Bologna
Country
Italy
Cristóbal López Romero S.D.B. (b. 1952)
Cristóbal López Romero S.D.B. (b. 1952)
No.
9.
Name
Cristóbal López Romero S.D.B. (b. 1952)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop of Rabat
Country
Morocco
Michael Czerny S.J. (b. 1946)
Michael Czerny S.J. (b. 1946)
No.
10.
Name
Michael Czerny S.J. (b. 1946)
Title when named cardinal
Undersecretary of the Migrant and Refugee Section of the Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development
Country
Canada
Michael Louis Fitzgerald M.Afr. (b. 1937)
Michael Louis Fitzgerald M.Afr. (b. 1937)
No.
11.
Name
Michael Louis Fitzgerald M.Afr. (b. 1937)
Title when named cardinal
Apostolic Nuncio (retired)
Country
United Kingdom
Sigitas Tamkevicius S.J. (b. 1938)
Sigitas Tamkevicius S.J. (b. 1938)
No.
12.
Name
Sigitas Tamkevicius S.J. (b. 1938)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop Emeritus of Kaunas
Country
Lithuania
Eugenio Dal Corso P.S.D.P. (1939–2024)
Eugenio Dal Corso P.S.D.P. (1939–2024)
No.
13.
Name
Eugenio Dal Corso P.S.D.P. (1939–2024)
Title when named cardinal
Bishop Emeritus of Benguela
Country
Angola
No.
Name
Title when named cardinal
Country
1.
Miguel Ángel Ayuso Guixot M.C.C.J. (1952–2024)
President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue
Spain
2.
José Tolentino Calaça de Mendonça (b. 1965)
Librarian & Archivist of the Roman Church
Portugal
3.
Ignatius Suharyo Hardjoatmodjo (b. 1950)
Archbishop of Jakarta
Indonesia
4.
Juan de la Caridad García Rodríguez (b. 1948)
Archbishop of San Cristóbal de la Habana
Cuba
5.
Fridolin Ambongo Besungu O.F.M. Cap. (b. 1960)
Archbishop of Kinshasa
Democratic Republic of the Congo
6.
Jean-Claude Hollerich S.J. (b. 1958)
Archbishop of Luxembourg
Luxembourg
7.
Álvaro Leonel Ramazzini Imeri (b. 1947)
Bishop of Huehuetenango
Guatemala
8.
Matteo Maria Zuppi (b. 1955)
Archbishop of Bologna
Italy
9.
Cristóbal López Romero S.D.B. (b. 1952)
Archbishop of Rabat
Morocco
10.
Michael Czerny S.J. (b. 1946)
Undersecretary of the Migrant and Refugee Section of the Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development
Canada
11.
Michael Louis Fitzgerald M.Afr. (b. 1937)
Apostolic Nuncio (retired)
United Kingdom
12.
Sigitas Tamkevicius S.J. (b. 1938)
Archbishop Emeritus of Kaunas
Lithuania
13.
Eugenio Dal Corso P.S.D.P. (1939–2024)
Bishop Emeritus of Benguela
Angola
· 28 November 2020
Mario Grech (b. 1957)
Mario Grech (b. 1957)
No.
1.
Name
Mario Grech (b. 1957)
Title when named cardinal
Secretary General of the Synod of Bishops
Country
Malta
Marcello Semeraro (b. 1947)
Marcello Semeraro (b. 1947)
No.
2.
Name
Marcello Semeraro (b. 1947)
Title when named cardinal
Prefect of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints
Country
Italy
Antoine Kambanda (b. 1958)
Antoine Kambanda (b. 1958)
No.
3.
Name
Antoine Kambanda (b. 1958)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop of Kigali
Country
Rwanda
Wilton Daniel Gregory (b. 1947)
Wilton Daniel Gregory (b. 1947)
No.
4.
Name
Wilton Daniel Gregory (b. 1947)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop of Washington
Country
United States
Jose Fuerte Advincula (b. 1952)
Jose Fuerte Advincula (b. 1952)
No.
5.
Name
Jose Fuerte Advincula (b. 1952)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop of Capiz
Country
Philippines
Celestino Aós Braco O.F.M.Cap. (b. 1945)
Celestino Aós Braco O.F.M.Cap. (b. 1945)
No.
6.
Name
Celestino Aós Braco O.F.M.Cap. (b. 1945)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop of Santiago
Country
Chile
Cornelius Sim (1951–2021)
Cornelius Sim (1951–2021)
No.
7.
Name
Cornelius Sim (1951–2021)
Title when named cardinal
Apostolic Vicar of Brunei Darussalam
Country
Brunei
Augusto Paolo Lojudice (b. 1964)
Augusto Paolo Lojudice (b. 1964)
No.
8.
Name
Augusto Paolo Lojudice (b. 1964)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop of Siena-Colle di Val d'Elsa-Montalcino
Country
Italy
Mauro Gambetti O.F.M. Conv. (b. 1965)
Mauro Gambetti O.F.M. Conv. (b. 1965)
No.
9.
Name
Mauro Gambetti O.F.M. Conv. (b. 1965)
Title when named cardinal
Custos emeritus of the Sacred Convent of Assisi
Country
Italy
Felipe Arizmendi Esquivel (b. 1940)
Felipe Arizmendi Esquivel (b. 1940)
No.
10.
Name
Felipe Arizmendi Esquivel (b. 1940)
Title when named cardinal
Bishop Emeritus of San Cristóbal de Las Casas
Country
Mexico
Silvano Maria Tomasi C.S. (b. 1940)
Silvano Maria Tomasi C.S. (b. 1940)
No.
11.
Name
Silvano Maria Tomasi C.S. (b. 1940)
Title when named cardinal
Apostolic nuncio (retired)
Country
Italy
Raniero Cantalamessa O.F.M. Cap. (b. 1934)
Raniero Cantalamessa O.F.M. Cap. (b. 1934)
No.
12.
Name
Raniero Cantalamessa O.F.M. Cap. (b. 1934)
Title when named cardinal
Preacher for the Papal Household
Country
Italy
Enrico Feroci (b. 1940)
Enrico Feroci (b. 1940)
No.
13.
Name
Enrico Feroci (b. 1940)
Title when named cardinal
Parish priest for Santa Maria del Divino Amore a Castel di Leva
Country
Italy
No.
Name
Title when named cardinal
Country
1.
Mario Grech (b. 1957)
Secretary General of the Synod of Bishops
Malta
2.
Marcello Semeraro (b. 1947)
Prefect of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints
Italy
3.
Antoine Kambanda (b. 1958)
Archbishop of Kigali
Rwanda
4.
Wilton Daniel Gregory (b. 1947)
Archbishop of Washington
United States
5.
Jose Fuerte Advincula (b. 1952)
Archbishop of Capiz
Philippines
6.
Celestino Aós Braco O.F.M.Cap. (b. 1945)
Archbishop of Santiago
Chile
7.
Cornelius Sim (1951–2021)
Apostolic Vicar of Brunei Darussalam
Brunei
8.
Augusto Paolo Lojudice (b. 1964)
Archbishop of Siena-Colle di Val d'Elsa-Montalcino
Italy
9.
Mauro Gambetti O.F.M. Conv. (b. 1965)
Custos emeritus of the Sacred Convent of Assisi
Italy
10.
Felipe Arizmendi Esquivel (b. 1940)
Bishop Emeritus of San Cristóbal de Las Casas
Mexico
11.
Silvano Maria Tomasi C.S. (b. 1940)
Apostolic nuncio (retired)
Italy
12.
Raniero Cantalamessa O.F.M. Cap. (b. 1934)
Preacher for the Papal Household
Italy
13.
Enrico Feroci (b. 1940)
Parish priest for Santa Maria del Divino Amore a Castel di Leva
Italy
· 27 August 2022
Arthur Roche (b. 1950)
Arthur Roche (b. 1950)
No.
1.
Name
Arthur Roche (b. 1950)
Title when named cardinal
Prefect of the Dicastery for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments
Country
United Kingdom
Lazarus You Heung-sik (b. 1951)
Lazarus You Heung-sik (b. 1951)
No.
2.
Name
Lazarus You Heung-sik (b. 1951)
Title when named cardinal
Prefect of the Dicastery for the Clergy
Country
South Korea
Fernando Vérgez Alzaga L.C. (b. 1945)
Fernando Vérgez Alzaga L.C. (b. 1945)
No.
3.
Name
Fernando Vérgez Alzaga L.C. (b. 1945)
Title when named cardinal
President of the Pontifical Commission and Governorate for the Vatican City State
Country
Spain
Jean-Marc Aveline (b. 1958)
Jean-Marc Aveline (b. 1958)
No.
4.
Name
Jean-Marc Aveline (b. 1958)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop of Marseille
Country
France
Peter Ebere Okpaleke (b. 1963)
Peter Ebere Okpaleke (b. 1963)
No.
5.
Name
Peter Ebere Okpaleke (b. 1963)
Title when named cardinal
Bishop of Ekwulobia
Country
Nigeria
Leonardo Ulrich Steiner O.F.M. (b. 1950)
Leonardo Ulrich Steiner O.F.M. (b. 1950)
No.
6.
Name
Leonardo Ulrich Steiner O.F.M. (b. 1950)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop of Manaus
Country
Brazil
Filipe Neri Ferrão (b. 1953)
Filipe Neri Ferrão (b. 1953)
No.
7.
Name
Filipe Neri Ferrão (b. 1953)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop of Goa and Daman
Country
India
Robert Walter McElroy (b. 1954)
Robert Walter McElroy (b. 1954)
No.
8.
Name
Robert Walter McElroy (b. 1954)
Title when named cardinal
Bishop of San Diego
Country
United States
Virgílio do Carmo da Silva S.D.B. (b. 1967)
Virgílio do Carmo da Silva S.D.B. (b. 1967)
No.
9.
Name
Virgílio do Carmo da Silva S.D.B. (b. 1967)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop of Díli
Country
East Timor
Oscar Cantoni (b. 1950)
Oscar Cantoni (b. 1950)
No.
10.
Name
Oscar Cantoni (b. 1950)
Title when named cardinal
Bishop of Como
Country
Italy
Anthony Poola (b. 1961)
Anthony Poola (b. 1961)
No.
11.
Name
Anthony Poola (b. 1961)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop of Hyderabad
Country
India
Paulo Cezar Costa (b. 1967)
Paulo Cezar Costa (b. 1967)
No.
12.
Name
Paulo Cezar Costa (b. 1967)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop of Brasília
Country
Brazil
Richard Kuuia Baawobr M.Afr. (1959–2022)
Richard Kuuia Baawobr M.Afr. (1959–2022)
No.
13.
Name
Richard Kuuia Baawobr M.Afr. (1959–2022)
Title when named cardinal
Bishop of Wa
Country
Ghana
William Goh (b. 1957)
William Goh (b. 1957)
No.
14.
Name
William Goh (b. 1957)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop of Singapore
Country
Singapore
Adalberto Martínez Flores (b. 1951)
Adalberto Martínez Flores (b. 1951)
No.
15.
Name
Adalberto Martínez Flores (b. 1951)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop of Asunción
Country
Paraguay
Giorgio Marengo I.M.C. (b. 1974)
Giorgio Marengo I.M.C. (b. 1974)
No.
16.
Name
Giorgio Marengo I.M.C. (b. 1974)
Title when named cardinal
Apostolic Prefect of Ulaanbaatar
Country
Mongolia
Jorge Enrique Jiménez Carvajal C.J.M. (b. 1942)
Jorge Enrique Jiménez Carvajal C.J.M. (b. 1942)
No.
17.
Name
Jorge Enrique Jiménez Carvajal C.J.M. (b. 1942)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop Emeritus of Cartagena
Country
Colombia
Arrigo Miglio (b. 1942)
Arrigo Miglio (b. 1942)
No.
18.
Name
Arrigo Miglio (b. 1942)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop Emeritus of Cagliari
Country
Italy
Gianfranco Ghirlanda S.J. (b. 1942)
Gianfranco Ghirlanda S.J. (b. 1942)
No.
19.
Name
Gianfranco Ghirlanda S.J. (b. 1942)
Title when named cardinal
Rector Emeritus of the Pontifical Gregorian University
Country
Italy
Fortunato Frezza (b. 1942)
Fortunato Frezza (b. 1942)
No.
20.
Name
Fortunato Frezza (b. 1942)
Title when named cardinal
Canon of the Chapter of Saint Peter's
Country
Italy
No.
Name
Title when named cardinal
Country
1.
Arthur Roche (b. 1950)
Prefect of the Dicastery for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments
United Kingdom
2.
Lazarus You Heung-sik (b. 1951)
Prefect of the Dicastery for the Clergy
South Korea
3.
Fernando Vérgez Alzaga L.C. (b. 1945)
President of the Pontifical Commission and Governorate for the Vatican City State
Spain
4.
Jean-Marc Aveline (b. 1958)
Archbishop of Marseille
France
5.
Peter Ebere Okpaleke (b. 1963)
Bishop of Ekwulobia
Nigeria
6.
Leonardo Ulrich Steiner O.F.M. (b. 1950)
Archbishop of Manaus
Brazil
7.
Filipe Neri Ferrão (b. 1953)
Archbishop of Goa and Daman
India
8.
Robert Walter McElroy (b. 1954)
Bishop of San Diego
United States
9.
Virgílio do Carmo da Silva S.D.B. (b. 1967)
Archbishop of Díli
East Timor
10.
Oscar Cantoni (b. 1950)
Bishop of Como
Italy
11.
Anthony Poola (b. 1961)
Archbishop of Hyderabad
India
12.
Paulo Cezar Costa (b. 1967)
Archbishop of Brasília
Brazil
13.
Richard Kuuia Baawobr M.Afr. (1959–2022)
Bishop of Wa
Ghana
14.
William Goh (b. 1957)
Archbishop of Singapore
Singapore
15.
Adalberto Martínez Flores (b. 1951)
Archbishop of Asunción
Paraguay
16.
Giorgio Marengo I.M.C. (b. 1974)
Apostolic Prefect of Ulaanbaatar
Mongolia
17.
Jorge Enrique Jiménez Carvajal C.J.M. (b. 1942)
Archbishop Emeritus of Cartagena
Colombia
18.
Arrigo Miglio (b. 1942)
Archbishop Emeritus of Cagliari
Italy
19.
Gianfranco Ghirlanda S.J. (b. 1942)
Rector Emeritus of the Pontifical Gregorian University
Italy
20.
Fortunato Frezza (b. 1942)
Canon of the Chapter of Saint Peter's
Italy
· 30 September 2023
Robert Francis Prevost O.S.A. (b. 1955)
Robert Francis Prevost O.S.A. (b. 1955)
No.
1.
Name
Robert Francis Prevost O.S.A. (b. 1955)
Title when named cardinal
Prefect of the Dicastery for Bishops
Country
United States
Claudio Gugerotti (b. 1955)
Claudio Gugerotti (b. 1955)
No.
2.
Name
Claudio Gugerotti (b. 1955)
Title when named cardinal
Prefect of the Dicastery for the Eastern Churches
Country
Italy
Víctor Manuel Fernández (b. 1962)
Víctor Manuel Fernández (b. 1962)
No.
3.
Name
Víctor Manuel Fernández (b. 1962)
Title when named cardinal
Prefect of the Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith
Country
Argentina
Emil Paul Tscherrig (b. 1947)
Emil Paul Tscherrig (b. 1947)
No.
4.
Name
Emil Paul Tscherrig (b. 1947)
Title when named cardinal
Apostolic Nuncio to Italy
Country
Switzerland
Christophe Pierre (b. 1946)
Christophe Pierre (b. 1946)
No.
5.
Name
Christophe Pierre (b. 1946)
Title when named cardinal
Apostolic Nuncio to the United States
Country
France
Pierbattista Pizzaballa O.F.M. (b. 1965)
Pierbattista Pizzaballa O.F.M. (b. 1965)
No.
6.
Name
Pierbattista Pizzaballa O.F.M. (b. 1965)
Title when named cardinal
Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem
Country
Jerusalem
Stephen Brislin (b. 1956)
Stephen Brislin (b. 1956)
No.
7.
Name
Stephen Brislin (b. 1956)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop of Cape Town
Country
South Africa
Ángel Sixto Rossi S.J. (b. 1958)
Ángel Sixto Rossi S.J. (b. 1958)
No.
8.
Name
Ángel Sixto Rossi S.J. (b. 1958)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop of Córdoba
Country
Argentina
Luis José Rueda Aparicio (b. 1962)
Luis José Rueda Aparicio (b. 1962)
No.
9.
Name
Luis José Rueda Aparicio (b. 1962)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop of Bogotá
Country
Colombia
Grzegorz Ryś (b. 1964)
Grzegorz Ryś (b. 1964)
No.
10.
Name
Grzegorz Ryś (b. 1964)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop of Łódź
Country
Poland
Stephen Ameyu Martin Mulla (b. 1964)
Stephen Ameyu Martin Mulla (b. 1964)
No.
11.
Name
Stephen Ameyu Martin Mulla (b. 1964)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop of Juba
Country
South Sudan
José Cobo Cano (b. 1965)
José Cobo Cano (b. 1965)
No.
12.
Name
José Cobo Cano (b. 1965)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop of Madrid
Country
Spain
Protase Rugambwa (b. 1960)
Protase Rugambwa (b. 1960)
No.
13.
Name
Protase Rugambwa (b. 1960)
Title when named cardinal
Coadjutor Archbishop of Tabora
Country
Tanzania
Sebastian Francis (b. 1951)
Sebastian Francis (b. 1951)
No.
14.
Name
Sebastian Francis (b. 1951)
Title when named cardinal
Bishop of Penang
Country
Malaysia
Stephen Chow Sau-yan S.J. (b. 1959)
Stephen Chow Sau-yan S.J. (b. 1959)
No.
15.
Name
Stephen Chow Sau-yan S.J. (b. 1959)
Title when named cardinal
Bishop of Hong Kong
Country
Hong Kong (China)
François-Xavier Bustillo O.F.M. Conv. (b. 1968)
François-Xavier Bustillo O.F.M. Conv. (b. 1968)
No.
16.
Name
François-Xavier Bustillo O.F.M. Conv. (b. 1968)
Title when named cardinal
Bishop of Ajaccio
Country
France
Américo Manuel Alves Aguiar (b. 1973)
Américo Manuel Alves Aguiar (b. 1973)
No.
17.
Name
Américo Manuel Alves Aguiar (b. 1973)
Title when named cardinal
Bishop-elect of Setúbal
Country
Portugal
Ángel Fernández Artime S.D.B. (b. 1960)
Ángel Fernández Artime S.D.B. (b. 1960)
No.
18.
Name
Ángel Fernández Artime S.D.B. (b. 1960)
Title when named cardinal
Rector Major of the Salesians
Country
Spain
Agostino Marchetto (b. 1940)
Agostino Marchetto (b. 1940)
No.
19.
Name
Agostino Marchetto (b. 1940)
Title when named cardinal
Apostolic Nuncio
Country
Italy
Diego Rafael Padrón Sánchez (b. 1939)
Diego Rafael Padrón Sánchez (b. 1939)
No.
20.
Name
Diego Rafael Padrón Sánchez (b. 1939)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop Emeritus of Cumaná
Country
Venezuela
Luis Pascual Dri O.F.M. Cap. (1927–2025)
Luis Pascual Dri O.F.M. Cap. (1927–2025)
No.
21.
Name
Luis Pascual Dri O.F.M. Cap. (1927–2025)
Title when named cardinal
Confessor, Shrine of Our Lady of Pompei [es], Buenos Aires
Country
Argentina
No.
Name
Title when named cardinal
Country
1.
Robert Francis Prevost O.S.A. (b. 1955)
Prefect of the Dicastery for Bishops
United States
2.
Claudio Gugerotti (b. 1955)
Prefect of the Dicastery for the Eastern Churches
Italy
3.
Víctor Manuel Fernández (b. 1962)
Prefect of the Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith
Argentina
4.
Emil Paul Tscherrig (b. 1947)
Apostolic Nuncio to Italy
Switzerland
5.
Christophe Pierre (b. 1946)
Apostolic Nuncio to the United States
France
6.
Pierbattista Pizzaballa O.F.M. (b. 1965)
Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem
Jerusalem
7.
Stephen Brislin (b. 1956)
Archbishop of Cape Town
South Africa
8.
Ángel Sixto Rossi S.J. (b. 1958)
Archbishop of Córdoba
Argentina
9.
Luis José Rueda Aparicio (b. 1962)
Archbishop of Bogotá
Colombia
10.
Grzegorz Ryś (b. 1964)
Archbishop of Łódź
Poland
11.
Stephen Ameyu Martin Mulla (b. 1964)
Archbishop of Juba
South Sudan
12.
José Cobo Cano (b. 1965)
Archbishop of Madrid
Spain
13.
Protase Rugambwa (b. 1960)
Coadjutor Archbishop of Tabora
Tanzania
14.
Sebastian Francis (b. 1951)
Bishop of Penang
Malaysia
15.
Stephen Chow Sau-yan S.J. (b. 1959)
Bishop of Hong Kong
Hong Kong (China)
16.
François-Xavier Bustillo O.F.M. Conv. (b. 1968)
Bishop of Ajaccio
France
17.
Américo Manuel Alves Aguiar (b. 1973)
Bishop-elect of Setúbal
Portugal
18.
Ángel Fernández Artime S.D.B. (b. 1960)
Rector Major of the Salesians
Spain
19.
Agostino Marchetto (b. 1940)
Apostolic Nuncio
Italy
20.
Diego Rafael Padrón Sánchez (b. 1939)
Archbishop Emeritus of Cumaná
Venezuela
21.
Luis Pascual Dri O.F.M. Cap. (1927–2025)
Confessor, Shrine of Our Lady of Pompei [es], Buenos Aires
Argentina
· 7 December 2024
Angelo Acerbi (b. 1925)
Angelo Acerbi (b. 1925)
No.
1.
Name
Angelo Acerbi (b. 1925)
Title when named cardinal
Apostolic Nuncio
Country
Italy
Carlos Gustavo Castillo Mattasoglio (b. 1950)
Carlos Gustavo Castillo Mattasoglio (b. 1950)
No.
2.
Name
Carlos Gustavo Castillo Mattasoglio (b. 1950)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop of Lima
Country
Peru
Vicente Bokalic Iglic C.M. (b. 1952)
Vicente Bokalic Iglic C.M. (b. 1952)
No.
3.
Name
Vicente Bokalic Iglic C.M. (b. 1952)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop of Santiago del Estero
Country
Argentina
Luis Cabrera Herrera O.F.M. (b. 1955)
Luis Cabrera Herrera O.F.M. (b. 1955)
No.
4.
Name
Luis Cabrera Herrera O.F.M. (b. 1955)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop of Guayaquil
Country
Ecuador
Fernando Natalio Chomalí Garib (b. 1957)
Fernando Natalio Chomalí Garib (b. 1957)
No.
5.
Name
Fernando Natalio Chomalí Garib (b. 1957)
Title when named cardinal
Metropolitan Archbishop of Santiago de Chile
Country
Chile
Tarcisio Isao Kikuchi S.V.D. (b. 1958)
Tarcisio Isao Kikuchi S.V.D. (b. 1958)
No.
6.
Name
Tarcisio Isao Kikuchi S.V.D. (b. 1958)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop of Tokyo
Country
Japan
Pablo Virgilio Siongco David (b. 1959)
Pablo Virgilio Siongco David (b. 1959)
No.
7.
Name
Pablo Virgilio Siongco David (b. 1959)
Title when named cardinal
Bishop of Caloocan
Country
Philippines
Ladislav Nemet S.V.D. (b. 1956)
Ladislav Nemet S.V.D. (b. 1956)
No.
8.
Name
Ladislav Nemet S.V.D. (b. 1956)
Title when named cardinal
Metropolitan Archbishop of Belgrade
Country
Serbia
Jaime Spengler O.F.M. (b. 1960)
Jaime Spengler O.F.M. (b. 1960)
No.
9.
Name
Jaime Spengler O.F.M. (b. 1960)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop of Porto Alegre
Country
Brazil
Ignace Bessi Dogbo (b. 1961)
Ignace Bessi Dogbo (b. 1961)
No.
10.
Name
Ignace Bessi Dogbo (b. 1961)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop of Abidjan
Country
Côte d'Ivoire
Jean-Paul Vesco O.P. (b. 1962)
Jean-Paul Vesco O.P. (b. 1962)
No.
11.
Name
Jean-Paul Vesco O.P. (b. 1962)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop of Algiers
Country
Algeria
Dominique Mathieu O.F.M. Conv (b. 1963)
Dominique Mathieu O.F.M. Conv (b. 1963)
No.
12.
Name
Dominique Mathieu O.F.M. Conv (b. 1963)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop of Tehran–Isfahan
Country
Iran
Roberto Repole (b. 1967)
Roberto Repole (b. 1967)
No.
13.
Name
Roberto Repole (b. 1967)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop of Turin
Country
Italy
Baldassare Reina (b. 1970)
Baldassare Reina (b. 1970)
No.
14.
Name
Baldassare Reina (b. 1970)
Title when named cardinal
Vicar General of His Holiness for the Diocese of Rome
Country
Italy
Frank Leo (b. 1971)
Frank Leo (b. 1971)
No.
15.
Name
Frank Leo (b. 1971)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop of Toronto
Country
Canada
Rolandas Makrickas (b. 1972)
Rolandas Makrickas (b. 1972)
No.
16.
Name
Rolandas Makrickas (b. 1972)
Title when named cardinal
Coadjutor Archpriest of the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore
Country
Lithuania
Mykola Bychok C.Ss.R. (b. 1980)
Mykola Bychok C.Ss.R. (b. 1980)
No.
17.
Name
Mykola Bychok C.Ss.R. (b. 1980)
Title when named cardinal
Bishop of the Ukrainian Catholic Eparchy of Saints Peter and Paul of Melbourne
Country
Australia
Timothy Radcliffe O.P. (b. 1945)
Timothy Radcliffe O.P. (b. 1945)
No.
18.
Name
Timothy Radcliffe O.P. (b. 1945)
Title when named cardinal
Master Emeritus of the Order of Preachers
Country
United Kingdom
Fabio Baggio C.S. (b. 1965)
Fabio Baggio C.S. (b. 1965)
No.
19.
Name
Fabio Baggio C.S. (b. 1965)
Title when named cardinal
Under Secretary for Migrants and Refugees of the Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development
Country
Italy
George Koovakad (b. 1973)
George Koovakad (b. 1973)
No.
20.
Name
George Koovakad (b. 1973)
Title when named cardinal
Official in the Secretariat of State
Country
India
Domenico Battaglia (b. 1963)
Domenico Battaglia (b. 1963)
No.
21.
Name
Domenico Battaglia (b. 1963)
Title when named cardinal
Archbishop of Naples
Country
Italy
No.
Name
Title when named cardinal
Country
1.
Angelo Acerbi (b. 1925)
Apostolic Nuncio
Italy
2.
Carlos Gustavo Castillo Mattasoglio (b. 1950)
Archbishop of Lima
Peru
3.
Vicente Bokalic Iglic C.M. (b. 1952)
Archbishop of Santiago del Estero
Argentina
4.
Luis Cabrera Herrera O.F.M. (b. 1955)
Archbishop of Guayaquil
Ecuador
5.
Fernando Natalio Chomalí Garib (b. 1957)
Metropolitan Archbishop of Santiago de Chile
Chile
6.
Tarcisio Isao Kikuchi S.V.D. (b. 1958)
Archbishop of Tokyo
Japan
7.
Pablo Virgilio Siongco David (b. 1959)
Bishop of Caloocan
Philippines
8.
Ladislav Nemet S.V.D. (b. 1956)
Metropolitan Archbishop of Belgrade
Serbia
9.
Jaime Spengler O.F.M. (b. 1960)
Archbishop of Porto Alegre
Brazil
10.
Ignace Bessi Dogbo (b. 1961)
Archbishop of Abidjan
Côte d'Ivoire
11.
Jean-Paul Vesco O.P. (b. 1962)
Archbishop of Algiers
Algeria
12.
Dominique Mathieu O.F.M. Conv (b. 1963)
Archbishop of Tehran–Isfahan
Iran
13.
Roberto Repole (b. 1967)
Archbishop of Turin
Italy
14.
Baldassare Reina (b. 1970)
Vicar General of His Holiness for the Diocese of Rome
Italy
15.
Frank Leo (b. 1971)
Archbishop of Toronto
Canada
16.
Rolandas Makrickas (b. 1972)
Coadjutor Archpriest of the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore
Lithuania
17.
Mykola Bychok C.Ss.R. (b. 1980)
Bishop of the Ukrainian Catholic Eparchy of Saints Peter and Paul of Melbourne
Australia
18.
Timothy Radcliffe O.P. (b. 1945)
Master Emeritus of the Order of Preachers
United Kingdom
19.
Fabio Baggio C.S. (b. 1965)
Under Secretary for Migrants and Refugees of the Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development
Italy
20.
George Koovakad (b. 1973)
Official in the Secretariat of State
India
21.
Domenico Battaglia (b. 1963)
Archbishop of Naples
Italy

References

  1. Countries first represented among cardinals created by Francis, by consistory, with those represented in the College for
  2. The number of electors has been at or below 120 before each of Francis' consistories: 2014 106 2015 110 2016 108 2017 11
  3. In 1971, when Paul VI instituted an age limit of 80 for cardinals to participate in electing a pope, the number of cardi
  4. The February 2014 consistory brought the number of cardinal electors to 122, but the 80th birthday of Cardinal Jean-Bapt
  5. The February 2015 consistory increased the number to 125, but the 80th birthdays of Cardinals Antonios Naguib and Justin
  6. The November 2016 consistory resulted in 121 electors, which fell to 120 with the 80th birthday of Cardinal Théodore-Adr
  7. The June 2017 consistory brought the number of cardinal electors to 121, and it declined to 120 when Cardinal Carlo Caff
  8. After the 2020 consistory, the number of electors exceeded 120 for 11 months and 9 days, from 28 November 2020 to 7 Nove
  9. The cardinal electors who reach their 80th birthdays following the 2022 consistory are: Gregorio Rosa Chávez on 3 Septem
  10. 207 cardinals at 2013 conclave minus 1 cardinal elected pope (Bergoglio) minus 7 cardinals who died before the 2014 cons
  11. 218 cardinals at previous consistory minus 11 cardinals who died before the 2015 consistory (Policarpo, Delly, Cé, Lourd
  12. Tobin was appointed Archbishop of Newark on 7 November 2016, but was not installed there until 6 January 2017. He was ne
  13. 228 cardinals at previous consistory minus 8 cardinals who died before the 2017 consistory (Arns, Agustoni, Connell, Vlk
  14. 225 cardinals at previous consistory minus 13 cardinals who died before the 2018 consistory (Meisner, Tettamanzi, Murphy
  15. Aquilino Bocos Merino was consecrated a bishop on 16 June 2018.
  16. 226 cardinals at previous consistory minus 13 cardinals who died before the 2019 consistory (Tauran, Sebastián Aguilar,
  17. When compiling statistics, the Holy See associates Curial officials with their citizenship, but for an ordinary it uses
  18. Michael Czerny was consecrated a bishop on 4 October 2019.
  19. The last was Fr. Antonio Maria Panebianco, elevated on 27 September 1861 by Pope Pius IX.
  20. The last cardinal archbishop of Siena was Antonio Felice Zondadari, who was elevated on 23 February 1801 by Pope Pius VI
  21. Mauro Gambetti was consecrated a bishop on 22 November 2020.
  22. Enrico Feroci was consecrated a bishop on 15 November 2020.
  23. Fortunato Frezza was consecrated a bishop on 23 July 2022.
  24. Elected as Pope Leo XIV (2025–present)
  25. The Holy See, in its statistical report of the College of Cardinals, lists "Jerusalem" as Pizzaballa's.
  26. Hong Kong is a special administrative region of China.
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  95. Washington Post
    https://web.archive.org/web/20180628161400/https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/religion/pope-making-new-cardinals-hears-iraqi-tell-of-martyrs/2018/06/28/1634083a-7ae1-11e8-ac4e-421ef7165923_story.html
  96. "Annuncio di Concistoro il 5 ottobre per la creazione di nuovi Cardinali, 01.09.2019"
    http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2019/09/01/0650/01348.html
  97. Crux
    https://cruxnow.com/vatican/2019/09/01/pope-announces-surprise-consistory-handing-red-hats-to-key-allies/
  98. National Catholic Reporter
    https://www.ncronline.org/news/vatican/francis-names-13-new-cardinals-including-vaticans-point-person-helping-refugees
  99. "Ordinazione Episcopale conferita dal Santo Padre Francesco, 04.10.2019"
    http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2019/10/04/0773/01581.html
  100. "List of Cardinals according to Nations and in order of Age"
    https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali---statistiche/elenco_per_nazione.html
  101. "Ordinazione Episcopale conferita dal Santo Padre Francesco, 04.10.2019"
    http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2019/10/04/0773/01581.html
  102. Catholic News Agency
    https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/42465/pope-francis-urges-new-cardinals-to-imitate-christs-compassionate-heart
  103. "Pope announces a consistory for the creation of 13 new cardinals"
    https://www.vaticannews.va/en/pope/news/2020-10/pope-consistory-creation-13-new-cardinals-thirteen.html
  104. Herald Malaysia
    http://www.heraldmalaysia.com/news/pope-announces-new-cardinals-including-bruneis-bishop-cornelius-sim/56250/1
  105. AllAfrica
    https://allafrica.com/stories/202010250041.html
  106. "Fr. Mauro Gambetti, Custos of the Assisi Convent, will become the first Conventual Franciscan cardinal in 160 years; the last one was created in 1861"
    https://x.com/gcatholic/status/1320420820242620423
  107. L'Osservatore Romano
    https://www.osservatoreromano.va/it/news/2020-10/oggi-in-primo-piano-i-nuovi-cardinali-che-saranno-creati-da-pa.html
  108. "This archbishop has become the first African American cardinal in Catholic history"
    https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/27/world/archbishop-wilton-gregory-cardinal/index.html
  109. La Croix
    https://web.archive.org/web/20201105183925/https://international.la-croix.com/news/letter-from-rome/the-popes-13-new-cardinals-and-the-next-conclave/13266
  110. Crux
    https://cruxnow.com/church-in-europe/2020/11/new-cardinal-sees-clear-continuity-between-benedict-xvi-francis/
  111. ACI Stampa
    https://www.acistampa.com/story/il-cardinale-eletto-feroci-ordinato-arcivescovo-de-donatis-sei-dono-per-roma-15546
  112. Corriere Cesenate
    https://www.corrierecesenate.it/Dalla-Chiesa/Padre-Mauro-Gambetti-sara-ordinato-vescovo-il-22-novembre
  113. Crux
    https://cruxnow.com/vatican/2020/11/majority-of-cardinals-designate-expected-to-attend-consistory/
  114. Umbria Domani
    http://www.umbriadomani.it/assisi/assisi-ordinazione-episcopale-di-fra-mauro-gambetti-254829/
  115. The Tablet
    https://www.thetablet.co.uk/news/13623/pope-creates-first-african-american-cardinal
  116. Crux
    https://cruxnow.com/vatican/2020/11/cardinals-designate-facing-quarantine-trip-cancellations-due-to-pandemic/
  117. Vatican News
    https://www.vaticannews.va/it/papa/news/2020-11/concistoro-papa-francesco-collegio-cardinali-porpore-numeri.html
  118. La Croix
    https://www.la-croix.com/Religion/Le-cardinal-Angelo-Scola-sera-pas-electeur-prochain-conclave-2021-11-07-1201184047
  119. "Annuncio di Concistoro il 27 agosto per la creazione di nuovi Cardinali, 29.05.2022"
    https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2022/05/29/0408/00844.html
  120. "Pope to appoint 21 new cardinals in August, putting stamp on Church's future"
    https://nationalpost.com/pmn/health-pmn/pope-to-appoint-21-new-cardinals-in-august-putting-stamp-on-churchs-future
  121. "Pope names 21 new cardinals, from India, Mongolia, elsewhere"
    https://abcnews.go.com/amp/International/wireStory/pope-names-21-cardinals-india-mongolia-85049819
  122. "The 6 new cardinals from East Timor, India, Mongolia, Singapore and South Korea"
    https://www.rvasia.org/church-asia/5-new-cardinals-east-timor-india-mongolia-and-singapore
  123. Catholic Spirit
    https://thecatholicspirit.com/news/nation-and-world/cardinal-days-of-august-popes-pick-for-cardinals-wasnt-the-only-surprise/
  124. "El Papa Francisco creará al primer cardenal de Paraguay"
    https://www.aciprensa.com/noticias/94000/el-papa-francisco-creara-al-primer-cardenal-de-paraguay
  125. Straits Times
    https://tnp.straitstimes.com/news/singapore/catholic-archbishop-william-goh-be-appointed-singapores-first-cardinal-august
  126. Times of India
    https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/after-465-years-archdiocese-of-goa-gets-its-first-cardinal/articleshow/91876282.cms
  127. The News Minute
    https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/hyderabad-archbishop-anthony-poola-be-first-dalit-cardinal-164485?amp
  128. Crux
    https://cruxnow.com/consistory-creation-cardinals/2022/08/pope-urges-new-cardinals-to-be-meek-close-to-their-flocks-and-tender
  129. National Catholic Reporter
    https://www.ncronline.org/news/people/pope-francis-names-16-new-cardinal-electors-including-san-diegos-bishop-mcelroy
  130. Avvenire
    https://www.avvenire.it/chiesa/pagine/frezza-diventa-vescovo-poi-cardinale
  131. La Libre
    https://www.lalibre.be/belgique/societe/2022/06/16/luc-van-looy-eveque-emerite-de-gand-ne-deviendra-finalement-pas-cardinal-P5FXVTTHNZBLNARPMIEMPU7YDE/
  132. Crux
    https://cruxnow.com/vatican/2022/05/pope-francis-announces-21-new-cardinals-including-key-allies
  133. The Holy See
    https://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/2022/documents/ns_lit_doc_20220827_titoli-diaconie-nuovi-cardinali_it.html
  134. La Croix
    https://www.la-croix.com/Religion/Rencontrez-grands-monde-petits-demande-pape-Francois-cardinaux-2022-08-27-1201230491
  135. Le Repubblica
    https://www.repubblica.it/cronaca/2022/08/27/news/vaticano_concistoro_papa_francesco_cardinali-363154103/
  136. Aleteia
    https://aleteia.org/2022/08/27/new-cardinals-visit-benedict-xvi/
  137. Vatican News
    https://www.vaticannews.va/en/pope/news/2022-08/consistory-20-new-cardinals-2-saints-for-the-universal-church.html
  138. "Pope names 21 new cardinals, including an American and his envoy to the U.S."
    https://cruxnow.com/vatican/2023/07/pope-names-21-new-cardinals-including-an-american-and-his-envoy-to-the-u-s
  139. Salesian Bulletin
    https://salesianbulletin.org/2023/08/04/the-future-cardinal/
  140. La Civiltà Cattolica
    https://www.laciviltacattolica.com/the-renewal-of-a-college-of-cardinals-always-ready-for-its-service/
  141. National Catholic Register
    https://www.ncregister.com/commentaries/eight-takeaways-from-the-pope-s-latest-selection-of-cardinals
  142. "The rise of Bishop Américo Aguiar"
    https://www.pillarcatholic.com/p/the-rise-of-bishop-americo-aguiar
  143. 7Margens
    https://setemargens.com/nomeacao-de-americo-aguiar-como-cardeal-pode-leva-lo-para-roma-depois-da-jmj/
  144. "Resignations and Appointments, 21.09.2023"
    https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2023/09/21/230921d.html
  145. New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/live/2025/05/08/world/pope-conclave-news/pope-leo-xiv-robert-francis-prevost
  146. Holy See Press Office
    https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali---statistiche/composizione-per-area.html
  147. "Uno de los 21 nuevos cardenales no estuvo en el consistorio con el Papa Francisco"
    https://www.aciprensa.com/noticias/101366/vaticano-cardenal-dri-de-argentina-no-estuvo-en-consistorio-con-el-papa-francisco
  148. Crux
    https://cruxnow.com/church-in-the-americas/2023/07/new-96-year-old-cardinal-says-if-i-forgive-too-much-its-jesus-fault
  149. "El nonagenario cardenal Luis Dri recibe el título cardenalicio en la catedral porteña entre aplausos"
    https://www.religiondigital.org/america/cardenal-Dri-recibe-titulo-cardenalicio_0_2605239459.html
  150. Pew Research Center
    https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/09/20/under-pope-francis-the-college-of-cardinals-has-become-less-european/
  151. "Annuncio di Concistoro l'8 dicembre per la creazione di nuovi Cardinali, 06.10.2024"
    https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2024/10/06/0774/01532.html
  152. National Catholic Register
    https://www.ncregister.com/cna/vatican-shares-pope-francis-schedule-for-december-consistory-to-create-cardinals?amp
  153. "Dichiarazione del Direttore della Sala Stampa della Santa Sede, 22.10.2024"
    https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2024/10/22/0815/01627.html
  154. "Dichiarazione del Direttore della Sala Stampa della Santa Sede, 04.11.2024"
    https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2024/11/04/0859/01709.html
  155. "Pope Francis writes letter to new cardinals: You express the Church's unity"
    https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/259819/pope-francis-writes-letter-to-21-new-cardinals-in-college-of-cardinals-you-express-the-church-s-unity
  156. Crux
    https://cruxnow.com/vatican/2024/10/pope-gives-nods-to-peripheries-and-pals-in-naming-21-new-cardinals
  157. National Catholic Reporter
    https://www.ncronline.org/vatican/vatican-news/pope-francis-further-cementing-his-legacy-names-21-new-cardinals
  158. La Croix International
    https://web.archive.org/web/20241010070243/https://international.la-croix.com/world/who-are-the-21-new-cardinals-chosen-by-pope-francis
  159. The Hindu
    https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/episcopal-ordination-of-george-jacob-koovakad-held/article68906138.ece/
  160. Il Giornale
    https://www.ilgiornale.it/news/vaticano/italiani-giovani-e-diplomatici-ecco-francesco-si-prende-2408599.html
  161. St John's College, Oxford
    https://www.sjc.ox.ac.uk/discover/news/fr-timothy-radcliffe-op-created-a-cardinal/
  162. Catholic Archdiocese of Melbourne
    https://melbournecatholic.org/news/pope-calls-21-new-cardinals-including-melbournes-cardinal-mykola-bychok-to-build-church-unity
  163. America
    https://www.americamagazine.org/faith/2024/12/08/pope-francis-death-row-united-state-consistory-cardinals-249426
  164. La Croix International
    https://web.archive.org/web/20241010070243/https://international.la-croix.com/world/who-are-the-21-new-cardinals-chosen-by-pope-francis
  165. N1
    https://n1info.rs/english/news/belgrade-archbishop-nemet-to-be-appointed-first-cardinal-from-serbia/
  166. ACI Prensa
    https://www.aciprensa.com/noticias/112967/por-que-algunos-cardenales-visten-diferente
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