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Capital punishment

Updated: 12/10/2025, 4:13:45 PM Wikipedia source

Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty and formerly called judicial homicide, is the state-sanctioned killing of a person as punishment for actual or supposed misconduct. The sentence ordering that an offender be punished in such a manner is called a death sentence, and the act of carrying out the sentence is an execution. A prisoner who has been sentenced to death and awaits execution is condemned and is commonly referred to as being "on death row". Etymologically, the term capital (lit. 'of the head', derived via the Latin capitalis from caput, "head") refers to execution by beheading, but executions are carried out by many methods. Crimes that are punishable by death are known as capital crimes, capital offences, or capital felonies, and vary depending on the jurisdiction, but commonly include serious crimes against a person, such as murder, assassination, mass murder, child murder, aggravated rape, terrorism, aircraft hijacking, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide, along with crimes against the state such as attempting to overthrow government, treason, espionage, sedition, and piracy. Also, in some cases, acts of recidivism, aggravated robbery, and kidnapping, in addition to drug trafficking, drug dealing, and drug possession, are capital crimes or enhancements. However, states have also imposed punitive executions, for an expansive range of conduct, for political or religious beliefs and practices, for a status beyond one's control, or without employing any significant due process procedures. Judicial murder is the intentional and premeditated killing of an innocent person by means of capital punishment. For example, the executions following the show trials in the Soviet Union during the Great Purge of 1936–1938 were an instrument of political repression. As of 2021, 56 countries retain capital punishment, 111 countries have taken a position to abolish it de jure for all crimes, 7 have abolished it for ordinary crimes (while maintaining it for special circumstances such as war crimes), and 24 are abolitionist in practice. Although the majority of countries have abolished capital punishment, over half of the world's population live in countries where the death penalty is retained. As of 2023, only 2 out of 38 OECD member countries (the United States and Japan) allow capital punishment. Capital punishment is controversial, with many people, organisations, religious groups, and states holding differing views on whether it is ethically permissible. Amnesty International declares that the death penalty breaches human rights, specifically "the right to life and the right to live free from torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment." These rights are protected under the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted by the United Nations in 1948. In the European Union (EU), the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union prohibits the use of capital punishment. The Council of Europe, which has 46 member states, has worked to end the death penalty and no execution has taken place in its current member states since 1997. The United Nations General Assembly has adopted, throughout the years from 2007 to 2020, eight non-binding resolutions calling for a global moratorium on executions, with support for eventual abolition.

Tables

· Contemporary use › By country
CapitalPunishmentsUK
CapitalPunishmentsUK
Country
CapitalPunishmentsUK
Total executed (2022)
AmnestyInternational
China
China
Country
China
Total executed (2022)
Unknown
Total executed (2022)
>1,000
Iran
Iran
Country
Iran
Total executed (2022)
>596
Total executed (2022)
>576
Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia
Country
Saudi Arabia
Total executed (2022)
146
Total executed (2022)
196
Egypt
Egypt
Country
Egypt
Total executed (2022)
13
Total executed (2022)
24
Somalia (including Somaliland)
Somalia (including Somaliland)
Country
Somalia (including Somaliland)
Total executed (2022)
19
Total executed (2022)
>6
United States
United States
Country
United States
Total executed (2022)
18
Total executed (2022)
18
Singapore
Singapore
Country
Singapore
Total executed (2022)
11
Total executed (2022)
11
Iraq
Iraq
Country
Iraq
Total executed (2022)
4
Total executed (2022)
>11
Kuwait
Kuwait
Country
Kuwait
Total executed (2022)
7
Total executed (2022)
7
Palestine
Palestine
Country
Palestine
Total executed (2022)
5
Total executed (2022)
5
South Sudan
South Sudan
Country
South Sudan
Total executed (2022)
2
Total executed (2022)
>5
Bangladesh
Bangladesh
Country
Bangladesh
Total executed (2022)
4
Total executed (2022)
4
Myanmar
Myanmar
Country
Myanmar
Total executed (2022)
4
Total executed (2022)
4
Yemen
Yemen
Country
Yemen
Total executed (2022)
1
Total executed (2022)
>4
Belarus
Belarus
Country
Belarus
Total executed (2022)
0
Total executed (2022)
3
Japan
Japan
Country
Japan
Total executed (2022)
1
Total executed (2022)
1
Syria
Syria
Country
Syria
Total executed (2022)
1
Total executed (2022)
Unknown
Jordan
Jordan
Country
Jordan
Total executed (2022)
1
Total executed (2022)
0
Afghanistan
Afghanistan
Country
Afghanistan
Total executed (2022)
0
Total executed (2022)
Unknown
North Korea
North Korea
Country
North Korea
Total executed (2022)
Unknown
Total executed (2022)
Unknown
Vietnam
Vietnam
Country
Vietnam
Total executed (2022)
Unknown
Total executed (2022)
Unknown
Country
Total executed (2022)
CapitalPunishmentsUK
AmnestyInternational
China
Unknown
>1,000
Iran
>596
>576
Saudi Arabia
146
196
Egypt
13
24
Somalia (including Somaliland)
19
>6
United States
18
18
Singapore
11
11
Iraq
4
>11
Kuwait
7
7
Palestine
5
5
South Sudan
2
>5
Bangladesh
4
4
Myanmar
4
4
Yemen
1
>4
Belarus
0
3
Japan
1
1
Syria
1
Unknown
Jordan
1
0
Afghanistan
0
Unknown
North Korea
Unknown
Unknown
Vietnam
Unknown
Unknown

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