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Candice Bergen (politician)

Updated: Wikipedia source

Candice Bergen (politician)

Candice Marie Bergen Harris (born September 28, 1964) is a Canadian politician who served as the member of Parliament (MP) for Portage—Lisgar in Manitoba from 2008 to 2023. She served as the interim leader of the Conservative Party and the leader of the Opposition from February 2, 2022 to September 10, 2022. Bergen was minister of State for Social Development in the Harper government and Opposition House Leader under Rona Ambrose and Andrew Scheer from 2016 until 2020. She served as deputy leader of the Conservative Party and deputy leader of the Opposition under Erin O'Toole from September 2020 to February 2022. On September 6, 2022, she announced she would not be standing at the next federal election, and resigned her seat on February 28, 2023. The by-election to replace her in parliament was held on June 19, 2023. She was succeeded by her former campaign manager, Branden Leslie.

Infobox

Deputy
Luc Berthold
Preceded by
Brian Pallister
Succeeded by
Branden Leslie
Senior political offices
Senior political offices Deputy Leader of the OppositionIn officeSeptember 2, 2020 – February 2, 2022LeaderErin O'ToolePreceded byLeona AlleslevSucceeded byLuc BertholdDeputy Leader of the Conservative PartyIn officeSeptember 2, 2020 – February 2, 2022PresidentScott LambRobert BathersonLeaderErin O'ToolePreceded byLeona AlleslevSucceeded byLuc BertholdOpposition House LeaderIn officeSeptember 15, 2016 – September 2, 2020LeaderRona AmbroseAndrew ScheerPreceded byAndrew ScheerSucceeded byGérard Deltell
Leader
Rona AmbroseAndrew Scheer
President
Scott LambRobert Batherson
Ministerial positions
Ministerial positions Minister of State for Social DevelopmentIn officeJuly 15, 2013 – November 4, 2015Prime MinisterStephen HarperMinisterJason KenneyPierre PoilievrePreceded byPosition establishedSucceeded byPosition abolished
Prime Minister
Stephen Harper
Minister
Diane Finley
Parliamentary Secretary
Parliamentary Secretary Parliamentary Secretary to theMinister of Public SafetyIn officeMay 25, 2011 – July 14, 2013Prime MinisterStephen HarperMinisterVic ToewsPreceded byDave MacKenzieSucceeded byRoxanne James
mw- 2015–2016
Shadow Minister of Natural Resources
Born
Candice Marie Bergen (1964-09-28) September 28, 1964 (age 61)Morden, Manitoba, Canada
Political party
Conservative
Other politicalaffiliations
Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba
Spouses
mw- David Hoeppner (m. 1986; Michael Harris (m. 2020)
Children
3
Profession
Politician
Website
candicebergen.ca
Party
Conservative

Tables

· Election results
Party
Party
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Party
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Candidate
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Votes
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%
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mw- ±%
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Expenditures
Total valid votes/expense limit
Total valid votes/expense limit
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Total valid votes/expense limit
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45,356
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99.25
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–
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$111,667.24
Total rejected ballots
Total rejected ballots
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Total rejected ballots
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341
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0.75
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+0.13
Turnout
Turnout
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Turnout
mw- .mw- .mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw- .mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw- .mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- } }vte2021 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
45,697
mw- .mw- .mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw- .mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw- .mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- } }vte2021 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
66.24
mw- .mw- .mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw- .mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw- .mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- } }vte2021 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
–0.40
Eligible voters
Eligible voters
mw- .mw- .mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw- .mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw- .mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- } }vte2021 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
Eligible voters
mw- .mw- .mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw- .mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw- .mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- } }vte2021 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
68,991
Source: Elections Canada
Source: Elections Canada
mw- .mw- .mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw- .mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw- .mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- } }vte2021 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
Source: Elections Canada
mw- hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output inline dl,.mw-parser-output inline ol,.mw-parser-output inline ul,.mw-parser-output dl dl,.mw-parser-output dl ol,.mw-parser-output dl ul,.mw-parser-output ol dl,.mw-parser-output ol ol,.mw- .mw- hlist dd:last-child ,.mw- hlist dd dd:first-child ,.mw-parser-output dd dt:first-child ,.mw-parser-output dd li:first-child ,.mw-parser-output dt dd:first-child ,.mw-parser-output dt dt:first-child ,.mw-parser-output dt li:first-child ,.mw-parser-output li dd:first-child ,.mw- hlist dd dd:last-child ,.mw-parser-output dd dt:last-child ,.mw-parser-output dd li:last-child ,.mw-parser-output dt dd:last-child ,.mw-parser-output dt dt:last-child ,.mw-parser-output dt li:last-child ,.mw-parser-output li dd:last-child ,.mw- .mw- hlist dd ol>li:first-child ,.mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- } }vte2021 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
mw- ±%
Expenditures
Conservative
Candice Bergen
23,819
52.52
–18.28
$75,005.66
People's
Solomon Wiebe
9,790
21.58
+18.97
$12,104.29
New Democratic
Ken Friesen
6,068
13.38
+4.70
$2,822.40
Liberal
Andrew Carrier
4,967
10.95
+0.24
$14,348.06
Christian Heritage
Jerome Dondo
712
1.57
–0.36
$7,509.16
Total valid votes/expense limit
45,356
99.25
–
$111,667.24
Total rejected ballots
341
0.75
+0.13
Turnout
45,697
66.24
–0.40
Eligible voters
68,991
Conservative hold
Swing
–18.62
Source: Elections Canada
· Election results
Party
Party
vte2019 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
Party
vte2019 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
Candidate
vte2019 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
Votes
vte2019 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
%
vte2019 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
±%
vte2019 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
Expenditures
Total valid votes/expense limit
Total valid votes/expense limit
vte2019 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
Total valid votes/expense limit
vte2019 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
44,636
vte2019 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
99.39
Total rejected ballots
Total rejected ballots
vte2019 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
Total rejected ballots
vte2019 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
275
vte2019 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
0.61
vte2019 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
+0.23
Turnout
Turnout
vte2019 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
Turnout
vte2019 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
44,911
vte2019 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
68.64
vte2019 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
+1.19
Eligible voters
Eligible voters
vte2019 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
Eligible voters
vte2019 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
67,397
Source: Elections Canada
Source: Elections Canada
vte2019 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
Source: Elections Canada
vte2019 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±%
Expenditures
Conservative
Candice Bergen
31,600
70.79
+9.95
$60,166.75
Liberal
Ken Werbiski
4,779
10.71
−15.08
$18,673.74
New Democratic
Cindy Friesen
3,872
8.67
+2.47
$0.00
Green
Beverley Eert
2,356
5.28
+1.30
$6,945.06
People's
Aaron Archer
1,169
2.62
$1,048.91
Christian Heritage
Jerome Dondo
860
1.93
−1.27
$21,830.60
Total valid votes/expense limit
44,636
99.39
Total rejected ballots
275
0.61
+0.23
Turnout
44,911
68.64
+1.19
Eligible voters
67,397
Conservative hold
Swing
+12.52
Source: Elections Canada
· Election results
Party
Party
vte2015 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
Party
vte2015 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
Candidate
vte2015 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
Votes
vte2015 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
%
vte2015 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
±%
vte2015 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
Expenditures
Total valid votes/expense limit
Total valid votes/expense limit
vte2015 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
Total valid votes/expense limit
vte2015 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
41,187
vte2015 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
99.62
vte2015 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
$208,924.52
Total rejected ballots
Total rejected ballots
vte2015 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
Total rejected ballots
vte2015 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
159
vte2015 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
0.38
vte2015 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
–
Turnout
Turnout
vte2015 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
Turnout
vte2015 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
41,346
vte2015 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
65.44
vte2015 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
–
Eligible voters
Eligible voters
vte2015 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
Eligible voters
vte2015 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
63,180
Source: Elections Canada
Source: Elections Canada
vte2015 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
Source: Elections Canada
vte2015 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±%
Expenditures
Conservative
Candice Bergen
25,060
60.84
−14.95
$91,365.21
Liberal
Ken Werbiski
10,621
25.79
+19.81
$12,481.25
New Democratic
Dean Harder
2,554
6.20
−4.01
$7,315.22
Green
Bev Eert
1,637
3.97
−1.67
$7,832.39
Christian Heritage
Jerome Dondo
1,315
3.19
$20,134.89
Total valid votes/expense limit
41,187
99.62
$208,924.52
Total rejected ballots
159
0.38
–
Turnout
41,346
65.44
–
Eligible voters
63,180
Conservative hold
Swing
−17.38
Source: Elections Canada
· Election results
Party
Party
vte2011 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
Party
vte2011 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
Candidate
vte2011 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
Votes
vte2011 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
%
vte2011 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
±%
vte2011 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
Expenditures
Total valid votes/expense limit
Total valid votes/expense limit
vte2011 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
Total valid votes/expense limit
vte2011 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
35,399
vte2011 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
99.59
vte2011 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
–
Total rejected ballots
Total rejected ballots
vte2011 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
Total rejected ballots
vte2011 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
147
vte2011 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
0.41
vte2011 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
+0.06
Turnout
Turnout
vte2011 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
Turnout
vte2011 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
35,546
vte2011 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
59.44
vte2011 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
+5.67
Eligible voters
Eligible voters
vte2011 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
Eligible voters
vte2011 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
59,799
vte2011 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
–
vte2011 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
–
vte2011 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±%
Expenditures
Conservative
Candice Hoeppner
26,899
75.99
+7.72
–
New Democratic
Mohamed Alli
3,478
9.83
+2.54
–
Liberal
MJ Willard
2,221
6.27
−7.28
–
Green
Matthew Friesen
1,996
5.64
−2.43
–
Christian Heritage
Jerome Dondo
805
2.27
−0.55
–
Total valid votes/expense limit
35,399
99.59
–
Total rejected ballots
147
0.41
+0.06
Turnout
35,546
59.44
+5.67
Eligible voters
59,799
–
–
Conservative hold
Swing
+2.59
· Election results
Party
Party
vte2008 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
Party
vte2008 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
Candidate
vte2008 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
Votes
vte2008 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
%
vte2008 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
±%
vte2008 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
Expenditures
Total valid votes/expense limit
Total valid votes/expense limit
vte2008 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
Total valid votes/expense limit
vte2008 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
32,280
vte2008 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
99.64
vte2008 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
$83,296
Total rejected ballots
Total rejected ballots
vte2008 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
Total rejected ballots
vte2008 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
116
vte2008 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
0.36
vte2008 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
+0.03
Turnout
Turnout
vte2008 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
Turnout
vte2008 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
32,396
vte2008 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
53.77
vte2008 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
–7.89
Eligible voters
Eligible voters
vte2008 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
Eligible voters
vte2008 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
60,246
vte2008 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
–
vte2008 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
–
vte2008 Canadian federal election: Portage—Lisgar
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±%
Expenditures
Conservative
Candice Hoeppner
22,036
68.27
−1.52
$57,186
Liberal
Ted Klassen
4,374
13.55
+2.16
$19,807
Green
Charlie Howatt
2,606
8.07
+2.97
$3,649
New Democratic
Mohamed Alli
2,353
7.29
−3.76
$2,873
Christian Heritage
Len Lodder
911
2.82
+0.14
$8,429
Total valid votes/expense limit
32,280
99.64
$83,296
Total rejected ballots
116
0.36
+0.03
Turnout
32,396
53.77
–7.89
Eligible voters
60,246
–
–
Conservative hold
Swing
−1.84

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  2. CTVNews
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  4. Global News
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  10. "House of Commons Debates"
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  12. "Stop Bill C-18"
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  15. CBC News
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  16. Toronto Star
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  17. The Western Canadian, May 3, 2011, p1.
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    http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/harper-adds-8-new-faces-in-major-cabinet-shakeup-1.1307385
  19. Maclean's
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  20. Bloomberg Business
    https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-11-05/canada-conservatives-choose-rona-ambrose-as-interim-leader
  21. Ottawa Citizen
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  22. Toronto Sun
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  23. Vice News
  24. National post
    https://nationalpost.com/news/politics/attacks-on-minority-women-in-pakistan-spark-calls-to-reopen-office-of-religious-freedoms-closed-by-liberals
  25. Kamloops This Week
    https://www.kamloopsthisweek.com/o-toole-names-top-tories-for-commons-roles-with-bergen-as-deputy-leader-1.24196507
  26. HuffPost
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  27. CBC News
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  28. Winnipeg Free Press
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  29. CTVNews
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  30. CTVNews
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  31. www.nationalnewswatch.com
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  32. Toronto Star
    https://www.thestar.com/politics/federal/2022/11/24/trudeau-staffers-evidence-contradicts-former-conservative-interim-leaders-recollection-of-call-with-prime-minister.html
  33. CBC News
    https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/otoole-leadership-vote-1.6336336
  34. CP24
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  35. Global News
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  36. National Post
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  37. The Toronto Star
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  38. Global News
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  39. Toronto Star
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  40. CBC News
    https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/alain-rayes-resigns-quebec-lieutenant-1.6341568
  41. CBC News
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  42. CBC News
    https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/conservative-leadership-election-results-1.6578329
  43. CBC News
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  44. Toronto Star
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  45. The Globe and Mail
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  46. Globe and Mail
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  47. LEGISinfo
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  48. www.canada.ca
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  49. Macleans.ca
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  50. www.ourcommons.ca
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  51. CBC News
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  52. "The Honourable Candice Bergen"
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  53. CBC News
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  54. Facebook
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  55. Elections Canada
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  59. Elections Canada – Preliminary Election Expenses Limits for Candidates
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