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Caesarion

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Caesarion

Ptolemy XV Caesar (; Ancient Greek: Πτολεμαῖος Καῖσαρ, Ptolemaios Kaisar; 47 BC – late August 30 BC), nicknamed Caesarion (Greek: Καισαρίων, Kaisaríōn, "Little Caesar"), was the last pharaoh of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt, reigning with his mother Cleopatra VII from 44 BC to 30 BC. He nominally reigned as sole pharaoh for a few days after his mother's death, although Alexandria had already fallen and Caesarion remained in hiding until his execution by Octavian, who would become the first Roman emperor as "Augustus". Caesarion was the eldest son of Cleopatra, and was the only known biological son of Julius Caesar, after whom he was named. He was the last sovereign member of the Ptolemaic dynasty, and the last pharaoh of Ancient Egypt, ending more than 3000 years of traditional kingship.

Infobox

Reign
2 September 44 BC – late August 30 BC
Coregency
Cleopatra VII
Predecessor
Cleopatra VII and Ptolemy XIV
Successor
Octavian(as Roman emperor)[a]
Horus name
mw- }Royal titulary Horus name ḥwnwHunuThe youth Prenomen iwꜤ pꜢ nṯr nti nḥm stp n ptḥ iri mꜢꜤt rꜤ sḫm (Ꜥnḫ) n imnIwapanetjernetynehem setepenptah irmaatra sekhem(ankh)enamunThe heir of the saviour god, chosen by Ptah, who brings forth the Maat of Ra, the living image of Amun Nomen ptwlmysPtolemysPtolemy kysrsKyseresCaesar
Father
Julius Caesar
Mother
Cleopatra VII
Born
47 BCPtolemaic Kingdom
Died
Late August 30 BC (aged 16–17)Alexandria, Ptolemaic Kingdom
Dynasty
Ptolemaic dynasty

Tables

· External links
Preceded byCleopatra VII Philopator
Preceded byCleopatra VII Philopator
Caesarion Ptolemaic dynastyBorn: 47 BC Died: 30 BC
Preceded byCleopatra VII Philopator
Caesarion Ptolemaic dynastyBorn: 47 BC Died: 30 BC
Pharaoh of Egypt 44–30 BCEwith Cleopatra VII
Caesarion Ptolemaic dynastyBorn: 47 BC Died: 30 BC
Egypt annexed by Rome
Caesarion Ptolemaic dynastyBorn: 47 BC Died: 30 BC
Preceded byCleopatra VII Philopator
Pharaoh of Egypt 44–30 BCEwith Cleopatra VII
Egypt annexed by Rome

References

  1. The Ptolemaic Kingdom was annexed by the Roman Republic in 30 BC and hence the office of pharaoh ceased to exist. Howeve
  2. Later full name: Ptolemy Caesar Theos Philopator Philometor (Greek: Πτολεμαῖος Καῖσαρ Θεὸς Φιλοπάτωρ Φιλομήτωρ).
  3. Greek: Θεὸς Φιλοπάτωρ Φιλομήτωρ
  4. The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary
    https://archive.org/details/LEPROHON2013TheGreatNameAncientEgyptianRoyalTitulary/page/n198/mode/1up
  5. Tyndale House
    https://www.instonebrewer.com/TyndaleSites/Egypt/ptolemies/ptolemy_xv_fr.htm
  6. RE Ptolemaios 37
    https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/de:RE:Ptolemaios_37
  7. Oxford Classical Dictionary, "Ptolemy XV Caesar"
  8. Bennett, Chris. "Ptolemy XV Caesarion". Tyndale House. Retrieved 21.01.2025.
  9. Tyldesley, Joyce (2009). Cleopatra: Last Queen of Egypt. Profile Books. pp. 136–137. ISBN 978-1861979018.
  10. The Oxford Classical Dictionary
    https://books.google.com/books?id=bVWcAQAAQBAJ
  11. Cleopatra of Egypt, Antiquity's Queen of Romance
    https://archive.org/details/cleopatraofegypt00sergiala/page/93/mode/1up?ref=ol&view=theater
  12. Cleopatra: goddess of Egypt, enemy of Rome
    https://archive.org/details/cleopatragoddess0000broo/mode/1up?ref=ol&view=theater&q=Juilius
  13. Cleopatra 1996 by Green Robert p. 24 [ISBN missing]
  14. Polygamy, Prostitutes and Death: The Hellenistic Dynasties
    https://books.google.com/books?id=L-rDEAAAQBAJ&dq=caesarion+&pg=PA102
  15. Duane W. Roller, Cleopatra: A Biography, Oxford University Press US, 2010, pp. 70–73 [ISBN missing]
  16. Greece & Rome
    https://www.jstor.org/stable/43297487
  17. World History Encyclopedia
    https://www.worldhistory.org/caesarion/
  18. Cleopatra: last queen of Egypt
    https://archive.org/details/cleopatralastque0000tyld
  19. Kingdoms and Principalities in the Roman Near East
  20. Studies in Classical History and Society
  21. The Reign of Cleopatra
  22. Cleopatra: A Biography
    https://books.google.com/books?id=EZo6DwAAQBAJ
  23. Plutarch, Life of Antony. As found in the Loeb Classical Library, Plutarch's Lives: With an English Translation by Berna
    https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015002170010;view=1up;seq=335
  24. A History of the Ptolemaic Empire
    https://books.google.com/books?id=EPkfGkwgi9YC&pg=PA250
  25. Cleopatra's Daughter: From Roman Prisoner to African Queen
    https://books.google.com/books?id=ZIBwEAAAQBAJ&dq=caesarion&pg=PT94
  26. Hindsight in Greek and Roman History
    https://books.google.com/books?id=d_ZODgAAQBAJ&dq=death+of+caesarion&pg=PA193
  27. David Braund et al, Myth, History and Culture in Republican Rome: Studies in Honour of T.P. Wiseman, University of Exete
  28. The wall-painting of Venus Genetrix is similar in appearance to the now-lost statue of Cleopatra erected by Julius Caesa
  29. Cleopatra: A Biography
    https://books.google.com/books?id=EZo6DwAAQBAJ
  30. Papers of the British School at Rome
    https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0068246200000404
  31. Cleopatra the Great: The Woman Behind the Legend
    https://archive.org/details/cleopatragreatwo00flet/page/219
  32. BMC Greek (Ptolemies) / Catalogue of Greek coins: the Ptolemies, kings of Egypt
    https://archive.org/details/cataloguegreekc01medagoog/mode/1up?q=Cleopatra+
  33. Greek Coins and Their Values
  34. Chronicle of the Pharaohs
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