Topzle Topzle

COVID-19 pandemic in the United States

Updated: Wikipedia source

COVID-19 pandemic in the United States

On December 31, 2019, China announced the discovery of a cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan. The first American case of COVID-19 was reported on January 20, and Health and Human Services Secretary Alex Azar declared a public health emergency on January 31. Restrictions were placed on flights arriving from China, but the initial U.S. response to the COVID-19 pandemic was otherwise slow in terms of preparing the healthcare system, stopping other travel, and testing. The first known American deaths occurred in February and in late February President Donald Trump proposed allocating $2.5 billion to fight the outbreak. Instead, Congress approved $8.3 billion and Trump signed the Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2020 on March 6. Trump declared a national emergency on March 13. The government also purchased large quantities of medical equipment, invoking the Defense Production Act of 1950 to assist. By mid-April, disaster declarations were made by all states and territories as they all had increasing cases. A second wave of infections began in June, following relaxed restrictions in several states, leading to daily cases surpassing 60,000. By mid-October, a third surge of cases began; there were over 200,000 new daily cases during parts of December 2020 and January 2021. COVID-19 vaccines became available in December 2020, under emergency use, beginning the national vaccination program, with the first vaccine officially approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on August 23, 2021. Studies have shown them to be highly protective against severe illness, hospitalization, and death. In comparison with fully vaccinated people, the CDC found that those who were unvaccinated were from 5 to nearly 30 times more likely to become either infected or hospitalized. There nonetheless was some vaccine hesitancy for various reasons, although side effects were rare. There were also numerous reports that unvaccinated COVID-19 patients strained the capacity of hospitals throughout the country, forcing many to turn away patients with life-threatening diseases. A fourth rise in infections began in March 2021 amidst the rise of the Alpha variant, a more easily transmissible variant first detected in the United Kingdom. That was followed by a rise of the Delta variant, an even more infectious mutation first detected in India, leading to increased efforts to ensure safety. The January 2022 emergence of the Omicron variant, which was first discovered in South Africa, led to record highs in hospitalizations and cases in early 2022, with as many as 1.5 million new infections reported in a single day. By the end of 2022, an estimated 77.5% of Americans had had COVID-19 at least once, according to the CDC. State and local responses to the pandemic during the public health emergency included the requirement to wear a face mask in specified situations (mask mandates), prohibition and cancellation of large-scale gatherings (including festivals and sporting events), stay-at-home orders, and school closures. Disproportionate numbers of cases were observed among Black and Latino populations, as well as elevated levels of vaccine hesitancy, and there was a sharp increase in reported incidents of xenophobia and racism against Asian Americans. Clusters of infections and deaths occurred in many areas. The COVID-19 pandemic also saw the emergence of misinformation and conspiracy theories, and highlighted weaknesses in the U.S. public health system. In the United States, there have been 103,436,829 confirmed cases of COVID-19 with 1,228,289 confirmed deaths, the most of any country, and the 17th highest per capita worldwide. The COVID-19 pandemic ranks as the deadliest disaster in the country's history. It was the third-leading cause of death in the U.S. in 2020, behind heart disease and cancer. From 2019 to 2020, U.S. life expectancy dropped by three years for Hispanic and Latino Americans, 2.9 years for African Americans, and 1.2 years for White Americans. In 2021, U.S. deaths due to COVID-19 rose, and life expectancy fell.

Infobox

Disease
COVID-19
Virus strain
SARS-CoV-2
Location
United States
First outbreak
Wuhan, Hubei, China
Arrival date
January 13, 2020(5 years, 9 months, 3 weeks and 2 days ago) Public health emergency: January 31, 2020 – May 11, 2023 (3 years, 3 months, 1 week and 4 days)
Confirmed cases
103,436,829
Suspected cases‡
146,585,169 (CDC estimate in September 2021)
Recovered
109,814,428
Deaths
1,228,289 (reported)1,231,440 (CDC estimate)1,200,000 (The Economist estimate on January 25, 2022)
Fatality rate
1.19%
Vaccinations
270,227,170 (79.1216%) (people with at least one dose)230,637,340 (67.52983%) (fully vaccinated people)

Tables

Impact of the pandemic on various economic variables in 2020 · Impacts › Economic
Jobs, level (000s)
Jobs, level (000s)
Variable
Jobs, level (000s)
Feb
152,463
Mar
151,090
Apr
130,303
May
133,002
June
137,802
July
139,582
Aug
140,914
Sep
141,720
Oct
142,373
Nov
142,629
Jobs, monthly change (000s)
Jobs, monthly change (000s)
Variable
Jobs, monthly change (000s)
Feb
251
Mar
−1,373
Apr
−20,787
May
2,699
June
4,800
July
1,780
Aug
1,371
Sep
661
Oct
653
Nov
256
Unemployment rate %
Unemployment rate %
Variable
Unemployment rate %
Feb
3.5%
Mar
4.4%
Apr
14.7%
May
13.3%
June
11.1%
July
10.2%
Aug
8.4%
Sep
7.9%
Oct
6.9%
Nov
6.7%
Number unemployed (millions)
Number unemployed (millions)
Variable
Number unemployed (millions)
Feb
5.8
Mar
7.1
Apr
23.1
May
21.0
June
17.8
July
16.3
Aug
13.6
Sep
12.6
Oct
11.1
Nov
10.7
Employment to population ratio %, age 25–54
Employment to population ratio %, age 25–54
Variable
Employment to population ratio %, age 25–54
Feb
80.5%
Mar
79.6%
Apr
69.7%
May
71.4%
June
73.5%
July
73.8%
Aug
75.3%
Sep
75.0%
Oct
76.0%
Nov
76.0%
Inflation rate % (CPI-All)
Inflation rate % (CPI-All)
Variable
Inflation rate % (CPI-All)
Feb
2.3%
Mar
1.5%
Apr
0.4%
May
0.2%
June
0.7%
July
1.0%
Aug
TBD
Sep
TBD
Oct
TBD
Nov
TBD
Stock market S&P 500 (avg. level)
Stock market S&P 500 (avg. level)
Variable
Stock market S&P 500 (avg. level)
Feb
3,277
Mar
2,652
Apr
2,762
May
2,920
June
3,105
July
3,230
Aug
3,392
Sep
3,380
Oct
3,270
Nov
3,694
Debt held by public ($ trillion)
Debt held by public ($ trillion)
Variable
Debt held by public ($ trillion)
Feb
17.4
Mar
17.7
Apr
19.1
May
19.9
June
20.5
July
20.6
Aug
20.8
Sep
21.0
Oct
21.2
Nov
21.3
Variable
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
June
July
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Jobs, level (000s)
152,463
151,090
130,303
133,002
137,802
139,582
140,914
141,720
142,373
142,629
Jobs, monthly change (000s)
251
−1,373
−20,787
2,699
4,800
1,780
1,371
661
653
256
Unemployment rate %
3.5%
4.4%
14.7%
13.3%
11.1%
10.2%
8.4%
7.9%
6.9%
6.7%
Number unemployed (millions)
5.8
7.1
23.1
21.0
17.8
16.3
13.6
12.6
11.1
10.7
Employment to population ratio %, age 25–54
80.5%
79.6%
69.7%
71.4%
73.5%
73.8%
75.3%
75.0%
76.0%
76.0%
Inflation rate % (CPI-All)
2.3%
1.5%
0.4%
0.2%
0.7%
1.0%
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD
Stock market S&P 500 (avg. level)
3,277
2,652
2,762
2,920
3,105
3,230
3,392
3,380
3,270
3,694
Debt held by public ($ trillion)
17.4
17.7
19.1
19.9
20.5
20.6
20.8
21.0
21.2
21.3
· Vaccination campaign › Timeline graph of doses administered
See the latest date on the timeline at the bottom.
See the latest date on the timeline at the bottom.
Timeline of daily COVID-19 vaccine doses administered in the US
See the latest date on the timeline at the bottom.
Timeline of daily COVID-19 vaccine doses administered in the US
See the latest date on the timeline at the bottom.

References

  1. A lack of mass testing obscured the extent of the outbreak.
  2. Examples of areas in which clusters occurred include urban areas, nursing homes, long-term care facilities, group homes
  3. This chart only includes reported deaths. Data for the current day may be incomplete.
  4. The editorial board for The Wall Street Journal suggested the world may have been "better prepared" had the PHEIC been d
  5. In a news release, Sean Conley, physician to President Trump, incorrectly identified Regeneron's monoclonal antibody pro
  6. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/article/what-is-coronavirus.html
  7. "Second Travel-related Case of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Detected in United States"
    https://archive.cdc.gov/#/details?url=https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2020/p0124-second-travel-coronavirus.html
  8. Our World in Data
    https://ourworldindata.org/coronavirus
  9. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
    https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/cases-updates/burden.html
  10. Worldometer
    https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/us/
  11. CDC
    https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#maps_deaths-total
  12. The Economist
    https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/coronavirus-excess-deaths-estimates
  13. COVID-19 Deaths per 100K. U.S. News & World Report. Run your cursor over the map to see the dates and data for each stat
    https://www.usnews.com/news/best-states/coronavirus-data/covid-death-rate?chart_type=map
  14. New England Journal of Medicine
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7092802
  15. The White House
    https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/presidential-actions/proclamation-declaring-national-emergency-concerning-novel-coronavirus-disease-covid-19-outbreak/
  16. "Trump Declares Coronavirus A Public Health Emergency And Restricts Travel From China"
    https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/01/31/801686524/trump-declares-coronavirus-a-public-health-emergency-and-restricts-travel-from-c
  17. FactCheck.org
    https://www.factcheck.org/2020/04/trumps-snowballing-china-travel-claim
  18. "Signs missed and steps slowed in Trump's pandemic response"
    https://apnews.com/6a8f85aad99607f313cca6ab1398e04d
  19. The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/mar/28/trump-coronavirus-politics-us-health-disaster
  20. Politico
    https://www.politico.com/news/2020/04/14/trump-world-health-organization-funding-186786
  21. The Washington Post
    https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2020/03/16/cdc-who-coronavirus-tests/
  22. Politico
    https://www.politico.com/news/2021/08/15/inside-americas-covid-data-gap-502565
  23. NPR
    https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/04/22/840836618/1st-known-u-s-covid-19-death-was-on-feb-6-a-post-mortem-test-reveals
  24. AP News
    https://apnews.com/article/donald-trump-ap-top-news-virus-outbreak-politics-public-health-30fc0af2ffb9320e1d8fa6bb6d8b23a1
  25. www.fema.gov
    https://www.fema.gov/press-release/20250602/covid-19-emergency-declaration
  26. "Trump invokes Defense Production Act to require GM to produce ventilators"
    https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-invokes-defense-production-act-to-require-gm-to-produce-ventilators-2020-03-27/
  27. Time
    https://time.com/5903590/coronavirus-covid-19-third-wave/
  28. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
    https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker
  29. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
    https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-first-covid-19-vaccine
  30. "Fauci: Polio would still exist in US if 'false information' being spread now existed decades ago", ABC News, July 20, 2
    https://abc7.com/covid-vaccine-19-coronavirus-polio/10899542/
  31. "Dr. Fauci: Where to expect new Covid surges in the U.S.—and what it means for mask-wearing, other restrictions"
    https://www.cnbc.com/2021/07/06/dr-fauci-where-to-expect-covid-surges-in-the-us-and-safety-tips.html
  32. "U.S. sets fresh records for Covid hospitalizations and cases with 1.5 million new infections"
    https://www.cnbc.com/2022/01/11/omicron-variant-us-sets-fresh-records-for-covid-hospitalizations-and-cases-with-1point5-million-new-infections.html
  33. HuffPost
    https://www.huffpost.com/entry/covid-americans-study-seroprevalence_n_64a3f2bfe4b030efa12297ca
  34. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/11/sports/basketball/warriors-coronavirus-fans.html
  35. "What Do Coronavirus Racial Disparities Look Like State By State?"
    https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/05/30/865413079/what-do-coronavirus-racial-disparities-look-like-state-by-state
  36. "Black Americans and Latinos nearly 3 times as likely to know someone who died of COVID-19: Poll"
    https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/black-americans-latinos-times-died-covid-19-poll/story?id=70794789
  37. American Medical Association
    https://www.ama-assn.org/delivering-care/health-equity/states-tracking-covid-19-race-and-ethnicity-data
  38. "COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy: Demographic Factors, Geographic Patterns, and Changes Over Time"
    https://aspe.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/private/pdf/265341/aspe-ib-vaccine-hesitancy.pdf
  39. "Black Americans' Vaccine Hesitancy is Grounded in More Than Mistrust"
    https://researchblog.duke.edu/2021/04/08/black-americans-vaccine-hesitancy-is-grounded-by-more-than-mistrust/
  40. NBC News
    https://www.nbcnews.com/news/asian-america/new-report-finds-169-percent-surge-anti-asian-hate-crimes-n1265756
  41. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/23/us/chinese-coronavirus-racist-attacks.html
  42. NPR
    https://www.npr.org/2020/06/09/872401607/covid-19-infections-and-deaths-are-higher-among-those-with-intellectual-disabili
  43. NPR
    https://www.npr.org/2020/06/09/872710991/u-s-navy-policies-battling-covid-19-rely-heavily-on-isolation
  44. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations
    https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1368430220982068
  45. Knowable Magazine
    https://knowablemagazine.org/article/health-disease/2020/pandemic-puts-all-eyes-public-health
  46. Scientific American
    https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/universal-health-care-could-have-saved-more-than-330-000-u-s-lives-during-covid/
  47. "Mortality Analyses"
    https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/data/mortality
  48. National Geographic
    https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/covid-19-is-now-the-deadliest-pandemic-in-us-history
  49. "US deaths in 2020 top 3 million, by far most ever counted"
    https://apnews.com/article/us-coronavirus-deaths-top-3-million-e2bc856b6ec45563b84ee2e87ae8d5e7
  50. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/21/us/american-life-expectancy-report.html
  51. ABC News
    https://abcnews.go.com/Health/live-updates/covid-delta-surge/?id=80391228
  52. The Washington Post
    https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2022/12/22/us-life-expectancy-decline-2021-covid-fentanyl/
  53. "Intelligence report warned of coronavirus crisis as early as November: Sources"
    https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/intelligence-report-warned-coronavirus-crisis-early-november-sources/story?id=70031273
  54. "Coronavirus Was In U.S. Weeks Earlier Than Previously Known, Study Says"
    https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/12/01/940395651/coronavirus-was-in-u-s-weeks-earlier-than-previously-known-study-says
  55. New England Journal of Medicine
    https://doi.org/10.1056%2FNEJMoa2001191
  56. "Outbreak of Pneumonia of Unknown Etiology (PUE) in Wuhan, China"
    https://emergency.cdc.gov/han/han00424.asp
  57. The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jan/20/coronavirus-spreads-to-beijing-as-china-confirms-new-cases
  58. "CDC Emergency Operations Center Activations"
    https://emergency.cdc.gov/recentincidents/
  59. Clinical Infectious Diseases
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8384413
  60. "Timeline: WHO's COVID-19 response"
    https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/interactive-timeline
  61. The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jan/30/who-declares-coronavirus-a-global-health-emergency
  62. "WHO Declares Coronavirus Outbreak A Global Health Emergency"
    https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2020/01/30/798894428/who-declares-coronavirus-outbreak-a-global-health-emergency
  63. The Wall Street Journal
    https://archive.today/20200409192517/https://www.wsj.com/articles/world-health-coronavirus-disinformation-11586122093
  64. "Trump says coronavirus outbreak is 'all under control' and a 'very small problem' in US"
    https://www.cnbc.com/2020/01/30/trump-says-coronavirus-outbreak-is-all-under-control-and-is-a-very-small-problem-in-us.html
  65. The Boston Globe
    https://www.bostonglobe.com/news/nation/2020/01/31/declares-public-health-emergency-from-coronavirus/9WMXL38AdA08GJworROtII/story.html
  66. The Washington Post
    https://web.archive.org/web/20210207054532/https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2021/01/28/wuhan-americans-evacuation/
  67. "A seemingly healthy woman's sudden death is now the first known US coronavirus-related fatality"
    https://www.cnn.com/2020/04/23/us/california-woman-first-coronavirus-death/index.html
  68. The Mercury News
    https://www.mercurynews.com/2020/04/25/9-santa-clara-deaths-reclassified-as-covid-19-related
  69. "When Did COVID-19 Arrive and Could We Have Spotted It Earlier?"
    https://www.medpagetoday.com/infectiousdisease/covid19/86291
  70. "Exclusive: U.S. axed CDC expert job in China months before virus outbreak"
    https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-china-cdc-exclusiv/exclusive-u-s-axed-cdc-expert-job-in-china-months-before-virus-outbreak-idUSKBN21910S
  71. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
    https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/pdfs/mm6918e2-H.pdf
  72. New York State Bar Association
    https://nysba.org/lawrence-garbuz-new-yorks-first-known-covid-19-case-reveals-what-he-learned-about-attorney-well-being-from-the-virus/
  73. The Wall Street Journal
    https://www.wsj.com/articles/covid-19s-patient-zero-what-life-is-like-for-the-new-york-lawyer-11614686401
  74. NBC News
    https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/new-york-area-s-patient-zero-says-coronavirus-wasn-t-n1204231
  75. "'I'm back in action,' One of the first Americans who contracted COVID-19 speaks about his recovery"
    https://www.foxla.com/news/im-back-in-action-one-of-the-first-americans-who-contracted-covid-19-speaks-about-his-recovery
  76. USA Today
    https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2020/02/27/coronavirus-what-we-know-mike-pence-and-task-force/4891905002/
  77. "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Summary"
    https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/summary.html
  78. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/11/health/coronavirus-pandemic-who.html
  79. "Dr. Anthony Fauci addresses COVID-19 mortality rate"
    https://www.c-span.org/video/?c4860450/user-clip-dr-anthony-fauci-addresses-covid-19-mortality-rate
  80. The Washington Post
    https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2020/03/11/coronavirus-live-updates/
  81. "White House advises public to avoid groups of more than 10, asks people to stay away from bars and restaurants"
    https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/16/politics/white-house-guidelines-coronavirus/index.html
  82. travel.state.gov
    https://web.archive.org/web/20200803191150/https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/traveladvisories/ea/travel-advisory-alert-global-level-4-health-advisory-issue.html
  83. The Atlantic
    https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2020/03/why-coronavirus-testing-us-so-delayed/607954/
  84. Los Angeles Times
    https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/music/story/2020-03-30/coronavirus-event-companies-coachella-pivot-covid-19-testing
  85. "Most states have issued stay-at-home orders, but enforcement varies widely"
    https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/most-states-have-issued-stay-at-home-orders-but-enforcement-varies-widely
  86. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/26/health/usa-coronavirus-cases.html
  87. "Confirmed coronavirus cases in U.S. reach 100,000: Reuters tally"
    https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-usa-cases/confirmed-coronavirus-cases-in-u-s-reach-100000-reuters-tally-idUSKBN21E3DA
  88. McKnight's Long-term Care News
    https://www.mcknights.com/news/trump-wants-masks-on-all-nursing-home-workers-temperature-checks-for-all-and-separate-covid-units/
  89. "U.S. coronavirus deaths top 20,000, highest in world exceeding Italy: Reuters tally"
    https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-usa-casualties-idUSKCN21T0NA
  90. "Trump Administration Announces New Nursing Homes COVID-19 Transparency Effort"
    https://www.cms.gov/newsroom/press-releases/trump-administration-announces-new-nursing-homes-covid-19-transparency-effort
  91. "US coronavirus cases surpass 1 million and the death toll is greater than US losses in Vietnam War"
    https://www.cnn.com/2020/04/28/health/us-coronavirus-tuesday/index.html
  92. The Washington Post
    https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2020/national/100000-deaths-american-coronavirus/
  93. The Washington Post
    https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2020/06/11/coronavirus-update-us/
  94. statnews
    https://www.statnews.com/2020/07/21/cdc-study-actual-covid-19-cases/
  95. JAMA Internal Medicine
    https://doi.org/10.1001%2Fjamainternmed.2020.4130
  96. The Baltimore Sun
    https://www.baltimoresun.com/coronavirus/bs-md-co-coronavirus-scope-nih-study-20210219-hpp5zqoum5dnfd553pdimoy7au-story.html
  97. "Briefing on the U.S. Government's Next Steps With Regard to Withdrawal From the World Health Organization"
    https://www.state.gov/briefing-with-nerissa-cook-deputy-assistant-secretary-of-state-bureau-of-international-organization-affairs-garrett-grigsby-director-of-the-office-of-global-affairs-department-of-health-and-human/
  98. "COVID-19 Pandemic Planning Scenarios"
    https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/planning-scenarios-archive/planning-scenarios-2020-09-10.pdf
  99. Forbes Media
    https://www.forbes.com/sites/alisondurkee/2020/07/24/medical-experts-tell-government-shut-it-down-now-and-start-over/#5c0f64e7695c
  100. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/08/opinion/sunday/coronavirus-response-testing-lockdown.html
  101. "Resetting Our Response: Changes Needed in the US Approach to COVID-19"
    https://www.centerforhealthsecurity.org/our-work/publications/resetting-our-response-changes-needed-in-the-us-approach-to-covid-19
  102. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/06/us/sturgis-coronavirus-cases.html
  103. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep
    https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/pdfs/mm6947e1-H.pdf
  104. "U.S. sets record as coronavirus cases top 5 million"
    https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-usa-cases/u-s-sets-record-as-coronavirus-cases-top-5-million-idUSKCN2540XB
  105. "'Enormous And Tragic': U.S. Has Lost More Than 200,000 People To COVID-19"
    https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/09/22/911934489/enormous-and-tragic-u-s-has-lost-more-than-200-000-people-to-covid-19
  106. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/01/us/politics/hope-hicks-coronavirus.html
  107. The Hill
    https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/519304-white-house-staff-wanted-to-keep-hope-hicks-positive-covid-19-test
  108. The Washington Post
    https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/hope-hicks-close-trump-aide-tests-positive-for-coronavirus/2020/10/01/af238f7c-0444-11eb-897d-3a6201d6643f_story.html
  109. "Trump's COVID-19 treatments suggest severe illness, UC Berkeley expert says"
    https://news.berkeley.edu/2020/10/06/trumps-covid-19-treatments-suggest-severe-illness-uc-berkeley-expert-says/
  110. "Memorandum From Trump's Doctor on COVID-19 Treatment"
    https://www.usnews.com/news/politics/articles/2020-10-02/memorandum-from-trumps-doctor-on-covid-19-treatment
  111. "Trump taken to Walter Reed medical center and will be hospitalized 'for the next few days'"
    https://www.cnn.com/2020/10/02/politics/president-donald-trump-walter-reed-coronavirus/index.html
  112. The Washington Post
    https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2020/10/04/trump-covid-19-discharge/
  113. USA Today
    https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/investigations/2020/10/22/trumps-campaign-made-stops-nationwide-then-coronavirus-cases-surged/3679534001/
  114. Stat
    https://www.statnews.com/2020/11/09/biden-transition-team-unveils-members-of-covid-19-task-force/
  115. "U.S. coronavirus cases cross 10 million as outbreaks spike across the nation"
    https://www.cnbc.com/2020/11/09/us-coronavirus-cases-cross-10-million.html
  116. Time
    https://web.archive.org/web/20210713055244/https://time.com/5909506/coronavirus-united-states-10-million/
  117. "Pfizer says COVID-19 vaccine is looking 90% effective"
    https://apnews.com/article/pfizer-vaccine-effective-early-data-4f4ae2e3bad122d17742be22a2240ae8
  118. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/09/health/covid-vaccine-pfizer.html
  119. "Feds announce COVID-19 vaccine agreement with drug stores"
    https://apnews.com/article/politics-alex-azar-coronavirus-pandemic-bfe002c987d7ed15e61a5b4d433704bb
  120. The Republican
    https://www.masslive.com/coronavirus/2020/11/thanksgiving-travel-many-americans-flying-for-holiday-despite-cdcs-pleas-not-to-due-to-covid-19-transmission-risk.html
  121. USA Today
    https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/health/2020/12/08/covid-news-britain-vaccine-wyoming-california-donald-trump/6481339002/
  122. "COVID-19 now kills more than 1 American every minute. And the rate keeps accelerating as the death toll tops 300,000"
    https://www.cnn.com/2020/12/14/health/us-covid-deaths-300k/index.html
  123. "U.S. to require all air passengers arriving from U.K. to test negative for COVID-19"
    https://www.marketwatch.com/story/u-s-to-require-all-air-passengers-arriving-from-u-k-to-test-negative-for-covid-19-11608872050
  124. The Atlantic
    https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2020/12/virus-mutation-catastrophe/617531/
  125. The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/dec/29/us-first-case-new-uk-covid-variant
  126. NBC Bay Area
    https://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/national-international/fact-check-what-president-biden-inherits/2448953/
  127. "U.S. surpasses 20 million cases of coronavirus on first day of 2021"
    https://www.cbsnews.com/news/us-surpasses-20-million-cases-of-coronavirus-on-first-day-of-2021/
  128. Politico
    https://www.politico.com/news/2021/01/01/us-coronavirus-cases-20-million-453275
  129. "CDC has found more than 50 US cases of coronavirus variant first identified in UK"
    https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/06/health/coronavirus-variant-us-cdc-cases/index.html
  130. Forbes
    https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2021/01/08/close-to-a-worst-case-scenario-former-cdc-director-issues-horrifying-outlook-for-new-covid-strain/
  131. The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jan/01/now-coronavirus-variant-us-since-october
  132. "As Death Rate Accelerates, U.S. Records 400,000 Lives Lost To The Coronavirus"
    https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2021/01/19/957488613/as-death-rate-accelerates-u-s-records-400-000-lives-lost-to-the-coronavirus
  133. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/22/us/covid-coronavirus-25-million-cases.html
  134. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/30/world/cdc-mask-mandate.html
  135. "Federal Mask Requirement for Transit"
    https://www.transit.dot.gov/TransitMaskUp
  136. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/13/travel/the-cdc-extends-the-mask-mandate-on-planes-and-public-transit-another-two-weeks.html
  137. "'A Loss To The Whole Society': U.S. COVID-19 Death Toll Reaches 500,000"
    https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2021/02/22/969494791/a-loss-to-the-whole-society-u-s-covid-19-death-toll-reaches-500-000
  138. "More than 2,750 cases of coronavirus variants reported in the US"
    https://www.cnn.com/world/live-news/coronavirus-pandemic-vaccine-updates-03-05-21/h_a477f29adbc8220a012ccd08e89c302b
  139. The Washington Post
    https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/biden-address-vaccine/2021/03/11/2cde7132-8278-11eb-9ca6-54e187ee4939_story.html
  140. "U.S. COVID-19 cases top 30 million as states race to vaccinate"
    https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-usa-cases/u-s-covid-19-cases-top-30-million-as-states-race-to-vaccinate-idUSKBN2BG2QU
  141. "Record COVID-19 vaccinations don't mean it's time to relax, officials say"
    https://www.cnn.com/2021/03/27/health/us-coronavirus-saturday/index.html
  142. "UK variant has become most dominant COVID strain in US, CDC says"
    https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/uk-variant-dominant-covid-strain-us-cdc/story?id=76929773
  143. Forbes
    https://www.forbes.com/sites/williamhaseltine/2021/04/12/an-indian-sars-cov-2-variant-lands-in-california-more-danger-ahead/
  144. "Some parts of the US are more vulnerable to another hit by coronavirus. Here's why"
    https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/25/health/us-coronavirus-sunday/index.html
  145. "COVID-19 vaccine demand is slowing in parts of the US. Now an uphill battle starts to get more shots into arms"
    https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/18/us/covid-vaccine-slowing-us-demand/index.html
  146. "Vaccine hesitancy in Hinds County, Mississippi, is a story shared elsewhere"
    https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/23/us/covid-vaccine-hinds-county-mississippi/index.html
  147. "More than a third of the US has been infected with COVID-19, CDC estimates"
    https://www.cnn.com/world/live-news/coronavirus-pandemic-vaccine-updates-04-29-21/h_40d99e1d1aab9c3a21ec4aab66071f86
  148. USA Today
    https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2021/05/04/bidens-new-covid-goal-70-adults-partially-vaccinated-july-4/4940268001/
  149. "As COVID Vaccinations Slow, Parts Of The U.S. Remain Far Behind 70% Goal"
    https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2021/07/05/1013080128/as-covid-vaccinations-slow-parts-of-the-u-s-remain-far-behind-70-goal
  150. "New Study Estimates More Than 900,000 People Have Died Of COVID-19 In U.S."
    https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2021/05/06/994287048/new-study-estimates-more-than-900-000-people-have-died-of-covid-19-in-u-s
  151. The Hill
    https://thehill.com/homenews/sunday-talk-shows/552523-fauci-no-doubt-us-has-undercounted-covid-19-deaths
  152. "CDC says fully vaccinated people don't need to wear face masks indoors or outdoors in most settings"
    https://www.cnbc.com/2021/05/13/cdc-says-fully-vaccinated-people-dont-need-to-wear-face-masks-indoors-or-outdoors-in-most-settings.html
  153. "CDC director defends telling fully vaccinated they can go without masks amid confusion in states, cities"
    https://www.cnbc.com/2021/05/16/cdc-director-defends-lifting-mask-guidance-for-vaccinated.html
  154. "US COVID-19 deaths hit 600,000, equal to yearly cancer toll"
    https://apnews.com/article/coronavirus-pandemic-600k-deaths-us-1ef14a0b998e6ce99281edf6e996dfbe
  155. "US COVID-19 cases rise, likely due to Delta variant"
    https://www.cidrap.umn.edu/news-perspective/2021/06/us-covid-19-cases-rise-likely-due-delta-variant
  156. "CDC data shows highly transmissible delta variant is now the dominant Covid strain in the U.S."
    https://www.cnbc.com/2021/07/07/cdc-data-shows-delta-is-now-the-dominant-covid-variant-in-the-us.html
  157. "Among the unvaccinated, Delta variant more than doubles risk of hospitalization", Los Angeles Times, August 28, 2021
    https://www.latimes.com/science/story/2021-08-28/hospitalization-risk-doubled-for-unvaccinated-covid-patients-infected-with-delta-variant
  158. "U.S. passes 35 million Covid cases as California tops 4 million"
    https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/u-s-passes-35-million-covid-cases-california-tops-4-n1275658
  159. "There are only 8 ICU beds available in the entire state of Arkansas as COVID-19 spikes"
    https://news.yahoo.com/only-8-icu-beds-available-210431572.html
  160. "These 8 states make up half of US COVID-19 hospitalizations. And the surge among the unvaccinated is overwhelming health care workers"
    https://www.cnn.com/2021/08/13/health/us-coronavirus-friday/index.html
  161. "These 5 states have less than 10% of ICU beds left as COVID-19 overwhelms hospitals"
    https://www.cnn.com/2021/08/31/health/us-coronavirus-tuesday/index.html
  162. "U.S. COVID-19 Cases Now Top 40 Million"
    https://www.usnews.com/news/health-news/articles/2021-09-08/us-covid-19-cases-now-top-40-million
  163. "1 in 500 US residents has died of COVID-19"
    https://www.cnn.com/2021/09/15/health/us-coronavirus-wednesday/index.html
  164. "Covid is officially America's deadliest pandemic as U.S. fatalities surpass 1918 flu estimates"
    https://www.cnbc.com/2021/09/20/covid-is-americas-deadliest-pandemic-as-us-fatalities-near-1918-flu-estimates.html
  165. "COVID has killed about as many Americans as the 1918-19 flu"
    https://apnews.com/article/science-health-pandemics-united-states-coronavirus-pandemic-c15d5c6dd7ece88d0832993f11279fbb
  166. "U.S. COVID-19 death toll hits 700,000"
    https://www.reuters.com/world/us/us-covid-19-death-toll-hits-700000-2021-10-01/
  167. "Coronavirus: Total US COVID-19 cases top 45 million as death toll surpasses 725,000"
    https://www.kiro7.com/news/trending/coronavirus-total-us-covid-19-cases-top-45-million-death-toll-surpasses-725000/QXGFH26CTFBRPBIRYPY3HUVMBY/
  168. "Biden restricts travel from South Africa and seven other countries starting Monday"
    https://www.cnn.com/2021/11/26/politics/travel-restrictions-south-africa/index.html
  169. NY Times COVID-19 Data
    https://github.com/nytimes/covid-19-data
  170. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2022/02/01/science/covid-deaths-united-states.html
  171. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/09/us/politics/biden-pandemic-response-funding.html
  172. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/20/health/fauci-us-cases-ba2.html
  173. "With fewer cases and less demand, many COVID-19 testing sites are shutting down"
    https://www.cnn.com/2022/04/11/health/covid-testing-site-closures/index.html
  174. "Trump-Appointed Judge Deemed 'Not Qualified' by Bar Association Voids Mask Mandate on Planes, Other Travel"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20220418213414/https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-news/kathryn-kimball-mizelle-trump-judge-voids-mask-mandate-1339427/
  175. "CDC Launches Appeal of Mask Mandate Decision"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20220507001152/https://www.businesstravelerusa.com/business-traveler-usa-story/cdc-launches-appeal-of-mask-mandate-decision/
  176. "N.J. families of COVID victims push Congress to prevent a repeat pandemic"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20220507002119/https://www.nj.com/coronavirus/2022/04/nj-families-of-covid-victims-push-congress-to-prevent-a-repeat-pandemic.html
  177. "Families gather for National Week of COVID Remembrance"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20220507002802/https://www.alicetx.com/2022/05/01/families-gather-for-national-week-of-covid-remembrance/
  178. "Covid's toll in the U.S. reaches a once unfathomable number: 1 million deaths"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20220504203852/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/covids-toll-us-reaches-1-million-deaths-unfathomable-number-rcna22105
  179. "A Proclamation on Remembering the 1,000,000 Americans Lost to COVID-⁠19"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20220512135434/https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2022/05/12/a-proclamation-on-remembering-the-1000000-americans-lost-to-covid-19/
  180. "Here's when the White House says parents could start scheduling COVID vaccines for kids under 5"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20220609123443/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/covid-vaccine-children-under-5-june-july-plan/
  181. "Covid: US to drop test requirement for air travellers"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20220610192049/https://www.bbc.com/news/business-61762137
  182. BallotPedia
    https://ballotpedia.org/State_emergency_health_orders_during_the_coronavirus_(COVID-19)_pandemic,_2021-2022
  183. BallotPedia
    https://ballotpedia.org/State-level_mask_requirements_in_response_to_the_coronavirus_(COVID-19)_pandemic,_2020-2022
  184. President Joe Biden: The 2022 60 Minutes Interview
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u1UC89H4Swc
  185. "Biden: 'The pandemic is over'"
    https://www.cnn.com/2022/09/18/politics/biden-pandemic-60-minutes/index.html
  186. The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/sep/24/covid-not-over-biden-remarks-cbs-60-minutes
  187. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/covid-data/covidview/past-reports/10212022.html
  188. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/18/health/covid-boosters-surge.html
  189. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/covid-data/covidview/past-reports/10282022.html
  190. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/covid-data/covidview/past-reports/111822.html
  191. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/22/us/politics/fauci-covid-winter-surge.html
  192. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
    https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/wr/mm7148e1.htm
  193. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/28/us/politics/covid-requirements-china-us-travel.html
  194. "Highly immune evasive omicron XBB.1.5 variant is quickly becoming dominant in U.S. as it doubles weekly"
    https://www.cnbc.com/2022/12/30/covid-news-omicron-xbbpoint1point5-is-highly-immune-evasive-and-binds-better-to-cells.html
  195. "Biden administration renews COVID-19 public health emergency"
    https://www.cnn.com/2023/01/11/politics/covid-19-public-health-emergency/index.html
  196. "SNAP benefits returning to pre-COVID amounts in February"
    https://www.axios.com/2023/01/28/covid-snap-benefits-end-february
  197. "2022 State Senate Elections Map"
    https://www.270towin.com/2022-state-legislature-elections/state-senate
  198. "U.S. to end COVID-19 emergency declarations on May 11"
    https://www.reuters.com/world/us/us-end-covid-19-emergency-declarations-may-11-2023-01-30/
  199. "US ending extra help for groceries that started during COVID"
    https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/us-ending-extra-groceries-started-covid-97417243
  200. "Biden signs bill ending Covid national emergency"
    https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/biden-signs-bill-ending-covid-national-emergency-rcna79057
  201. The White House
    https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/legislation/2023/04/10/bill-signed-h-j-res-7/
  202. "Your summer cold could be COVID-19, as the nation goes into a late summer wave"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20230729080946/https://www.cnn.com/2023/07/28/health/summer-cold-covid-19/index.html
  203. Forbes
    https://web.archive.org/web/20230809033121/https://www.forbes.com/sites/brucelee/2023/08/08/walgreens-shows-highest-covid-19-test-positivity-levels-since-may-2021/
  204. The New York Times
    https://web.archive.org/web/20230828092124/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/28/us/covid-cases-hospitalizations.html
  205. The Hill
    https://web.archive.org/web/20230905122456/https://thehill.com/homenews/education/4181957-covid-19-raises-anxiety-at-start-of-new-school-year/
  206. "Free COVID tests from government available again"
    https://www.axios.com/2023/09/25/free-covid-test-government-usps
  207. The Hill
    https://web.archive.org/web/20230925160839/https://thehill.com/policy/healthcare/4221337-how-to-order-free-covid-test-kits/
  208. "Mask mandates return at some US hospitals as COVID, flu jump"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20240104075706/https://www.reuters.com/world/us/mask-mandates-return-some-us-hospitals-covid-flu-jump-2024-01-04/
  209. "Mask mandates back at NYC hospitals as COVID and flu cases increase"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20240104080236/https://nypost.com/2024/01/03/metro/mask-mandates-back-at-nyc-hospitals-as-covid-and-flu-cases-increase/
  210. "Highly mutated COVID variant 'Pirola' JN.1 is fueling the pandemic's second highest U.S. wave—and it's still growing"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20240106005656/https://fortune.com/well/2024/01/05/us-reachest-second-highest-covid-peak-pirola-jn1-omicron-pi-rho/
  211. "St. Louis backs off mask mandate for city workers"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20240107122906/https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/government-politics/st-louis-backs-off-mask-mandate-for-city-workers/article_2ad6440c-ac12-11ee-a571-8fc32d4f770e.html
  212. "FDNY orders all first-responders to mask up amid spike in contagious diseases"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20240113203905/https://nypost.com/2024/01/13/metro/fdny-orders-all-first-responders-to-mask-up-amid-spike-in-contagious-diseases/
  213. "California health officials shorten COVID isolation period to 1 day"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20240119073413/https://ktla.com/news/california/california-health-officials-announce-shorter-covid-isolation-guidelines/
  214. The New York Times
    https://web.archive.org/web/20240301203747/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/03/01/health/covid-isolation-cdc.html
  215. "Exclusive: NIH to cut grants for COVID research, documents reveal"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20250413144700/https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-025-00954-y
  216. New York Times
    https://web.archive.org/web/20250421071546/https://www.nytimes.com/2025/04/18/science/trump-covid-website-lab-leak.html
  217. "RFK Jr. is canceling mRNA vaccine development. Can I still get a COVID vaccine?"
    https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/health/2025/08/06/covid-vaccine-mrna-rfk-hhs-defund/85539139007/
  218. "China spurned CDC offer to send a team to help contain coronavirus: US Health Secretary"
    https://www.foxnews.com/health/us-health-officials-on-coronavirus-outbreak
  219. "China's Coronavirus Death Toll Surpasses SARS Pandemic"
    https://www.npr.org/2020/02/08/804130735/whos-tedros-china-has-agreed-to-allow-international-team-probe-coronavirus
  220. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/07/health/cdc-coronavirus-china.html
  221. "Boeing donating 250,000 medical masks to battle coronavirus in China"
    https://komonews.com/news/local/boeing-donating-250000-medical-masks-to-battle-coronavirus-in-china
  222. "The United States Announces Assistance To Combat the Novel Coronavirus"
    https://www.state.gov/the-united-states-announces-assistance-to-combat-the-novel-coronavirus/
  223. The Hill
    https://thehill.com/changing-america/well-being/prevention-cures/482096-us-pledges-100-million-to-help-fight-coronavirus
  224. "Contact tracing may help avoid another lockdown. Can it work in the U.S.?"
    https://www.statnews.com/2020/05/29/contact-tracing-can-it-help-avoid-more-lockdowns/
  225. The Washington Post
    https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/paloma/the-health-202/2020/06/15/the-health-202-u-s-isn-t-ready-for-the-contact-tracing-it-needs-to-stem-the-coronavirus/5ee6528b602ff12947e8c0d7/
  226. "New Contact Tracing Apps Need Access To Users' Private Data To Control Spread Of COVID-19"
    https://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2020/07/01/coronavirus-users-weigh-benefits-of-growing-number-of-covid-19-contact-tracing-apps-with-data-privacy-concerns/
  227. "FDA Approves First Treatment for COVID-19"
    https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-first-treatment-covid-19
  228. "Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update: FDA Authorizes Drug Combination for Treatment of COVID-19"
    https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-authorizes-drug-combination-treatment-covid-19
  229. The Wall Street Journal
    https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-expected-to-detail-new-virus-therapies-but-expansion-could-be-controversial-11584629965
  230. Politico
    https://www.politico.com/news/2020/03/30/in-france-controversial-doctor-stirs-coronavirus-debate-156889
  231. "Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update: Daily Roundup March 30, 2020"
    https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-daily-roundup-march-30-2020
  232. Pharmacy Times
    https://web.archive.org/web/20200403221307/https://www.pharmacytimes.com/news/fda-announces-two-drugs-approved-for-compassionate-use-in-treating-covid-19
  233. The Hill
    https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/490110-fda-issues-emergency-use-authorization-for-anti-malaria-drugs-amid
  234. "FDA cautions against use of hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine for COVID-19 outside of the hospital setting or a clinical trial due to risk of heart rhythm problems"
    https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability/fda-cautions-against-use-hydroxychloroquine-or-chloroquine-covid-19-outside-hospital-setting-or
  235. "Trump doubles down on defense of hydroxychloroquine to treat COVID-19 despite efficacy concerns"
    https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/trump-doubles-defense-hydroxychloroquine-treat-covid-19-efficacy/story?id=72039824
  236. "COVID-19 (coronavirus) vaccine: Get the facts"
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/in-depth/coronavirus-vaccine/art-20484859
  237. The Wall Street Journal
    https://www.wsj.com/articles/america-needs-to-win-the-coronavirus-vaccine-race-11587924258
  238. "Guide to the Cares Act"
    https://www.sbc.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/guide-to-the-cares-act
  239. Pfizer
    https://www.pfizer.com/news/press-release/press-release-detail/pfizer-and-biontech-submit-emergency-use-authorization
  240. Time
    https://web.archive.org/web/20210129054951/https://time.com/5914139/pfizer-covid-19-vaccine-fda-authorization/
  241. "FDA Takes Key Action in Fight Against COVID-19 By Issuing Emergency Use Authorization for First COVID-19 Vaccine"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20201212024036/https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-takes-key-action-fight-against-covid-19-issuing-emergency-use-authorization-first-covid-19
  242. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep
    https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/pdfs/mm6950e2-H.pdf
  243. US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
    https://web.archive.org/web/20201219003447/https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-takes-additional-action-fight-against-covid-19-issuing-emergency-use-authorization-second-covid
  244. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
    https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/pdfs/mm695152e1-H.pdf
  245. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/30/health/covid-vaccine-moderna.html
  246. Moderna, Inc.
    https://web.archive.org/web/20201130120119/https://investors.modernatx.com/news-releases/news-release-details/moderna-announces-primary-efficacy-analysis-phase-3-cove-study/
  247. "US administers 1st doses of Pfizer coronavirus vaccine"
    https://abcnews.go.com/US/us-administer-1st-doses-pfizer-coronavirus-vaccine/story?id=74703018
  248. Vox
    https://www.vox.com/2020/3/15/21180506/coronavirus-poll-democrats-republicans-trump
  249. "Poll: As Coronavirus Spreads, Fewer Americans See Pandemic As A Real Threat"
    https://www.npr.org/2020/03/17/816501871/poll-as-coronavirus-spreads-fewer-americans-see-pandemic-as-a-real-threat
  250. "Sixty percent believe worst is yet to come for the U.S. in coronavirus pandemic; Public attitudes about the coronavirus response are split along partisan lines in a new NBC News/Wall Street Journal poll"
    https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/meet-the-press/sixty-percent-believe-worst-yet-come-u-s-coronavirus-pandemic-n1159106
  251. Slate
    https://slate.com/business/2020/03/democrats-republicans-coronavirus-trump.html
  252. "CNN Poll: Negative ratings for government handling of coronavirus persist"
    https://edition.cnn.com/2020/05/12/politics/cnn-poll-federal-government-handling-of-coronavirus/index.html
  253. "U.S. Image Plummets Internationally as Most Say Country Has Handled Coronavirus Badly"
    https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2020/09/15/us-image-plummets-internationally-as-most-say-country-has-handled-coronavirus-badly/
  254. "Determination of the February 2020 Peak in US Economic Activity"
    https://www.nber.org/cycles/june2020.html
  255. The Washington Post
    https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2020/04/29/gdp-coronavirus/
  256. The Washington Post
    https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2020/05/08/april-2020-jobs-report/
  257. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/28/health/coronavirus-insurance-premium-increases.html
  258. Journal of Public Economics
    https://bfi.uchicago.edu/working-paper/2020-80/
  259. "US economy posts its worst drop on record"
    https://www.cnn.com/2020/07/30/economy/us-economy-2020-second-quarter/index.html
  260. "Shaping the Consumer of the Future"
    https://www.bain.com/insights/shaping-the-consumer-of-the-future/
  261. "OpenTable forecasts 25% of U.S. restaurants to shutter permanently"
    https://www.axios.com/coronavirus-restaurants-opentable-99d477b8-55b8-40a0-885b-4eabc83e0f26.html
  262. "43 million Americans at risk of eviction as relief programs and moratorium expire: "It's a nightmare""
    https://www.cbsnews.com/news/eviction-moratorium-expired-coronavirus/
  263. "32% of Americans had outstanding housing payments at the beginning of August"
    https://www.cnbc.com/2020/08/06/32-percent-of-americans-had-outstanding-housing-payments-at-beginning-of-august.html
  264. "'A Homeless Pandemic' Looms As 30 Million Are At Risk Of Eviction"
    https://www.npr.org/2020/08/10/900766719/millions-of-americans-are-in-danger-of-being-evicted-during-pandemic
  265. "Nearly 19 million Americans could lose their homes when eviction limits expire Dec. 31"
    https://www.cbsnews.com/news/eviction-19-million-americans-risk-moratorium-coronavirus/
  266. Forbes
    https://www.forbes.com/sites/elanagross/2020/08/07/as-stimulus-talks-stalemate-new-report-finds-40-million-americans-could-be-at-risk-of-eviction/
  267. "Millions of Americans at risk of eviction after moratorium expired"
    https://www.foxbusiness.com/money/millions-of-americans-at-risk-of-eviction-after-moratorium-expired
  268. "Yelp data shows 60% of business closures due to the coronavirus pandemic are now permanent"
    https://www.cnbc.com/2020/09/16/yelp-data-shows-60percent-of-business-closures-due-to-the-coronavirus-pandemic-are-now-permanent.html
  269. Minnesota Star Tribune
    https://www.startribune.com/as-covid-spread-so-did-fraud-minnesota-saw-a-lot-of-it/601244557
  270. FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
    https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/PAYEMS
  271. FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
    https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/UNRATE
  272. FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
    https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/UNEMPLOY
  273. FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
    https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/LNS12300060
  274. FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
    https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/CPIAUCSL
  275. fred.stlouisfed.org
    https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/SP500
  276. treasury.gov
    https://fiscaldata.treasury.gov/datasets/debt-to-the-penny/debt-to-the-penny
  277. x.com
    https://x.com/SecKennedy/status/1963619420174975317
  278. American Journal of Public Health
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9010922
  279. HuffPost
    https://www.huffpost.com/entry/anti-asian-racism-covid-19_n_6050afe4c5b6ce1016422d47
  280. "Studies spotlight COVID racial health disparities, similarities"
    https://www.cidrap.umn.edu/news-perspective/2020/09/studies-spotlight-covid-racial-health-disparities-similarities
  281. "The color of coronavirus: COVID-19 deaths by race and ethnicity in the U.S."
    https://www.apmresearchlab.org/covid/deaths-by-race
  282. "Navajo Nation surpasses New York state for the highest COVID-19 infection rate in the US"
    https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/18/us/navajo-nation-infection-rate-trnd/index.html
  283. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
    https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/covid-data/investigations-discovery/hospitalization-death-by-race-ethnicity.html
  284. New England Journal of Medicine
    https://doi.org/10.1056%2FNEJMp2012910
  285. "The COVID Racial Data Tracker"
    https://covidtracking.com/race
  286. "As Pandemic Deaths Add Up, Racial Disparities Persist – And In Some Cases Worsen"
    https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/09/23/914427907/as-pandemic-deaths-add-up-racial-disparities-persist-and-in-some-cases-worsen
  287. cdc.gov
    https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/pressroom/nchs_press_releases/2022/20221222.htm
  288. Education Week
    https://www.edweek.org/ew/section/multimedia/map-coronavirus-and-school-closures.html
  289. www.ncsl.org
    https://www.ncsl.org/education/higher-education-responses-to-coronavirus-covid-19
  290. Journal of American College Health
    https://doi.org/10.1080%2F07448481.2024.2328139
  291. Business Insider
    https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-falsely-claims-expanding-voting-access-would-hurt-republicans-2020-3
  292. The Hill
    https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/491674-trump-defends-his-mail-in-ballot-after-calling-vote-by-mail-corrupt
  293. "Fact Check: Is Mail Ballot Fraud As Rampant As President Trump Says It Is?"
    https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/04/07/829323152/fact-check-is-mail-ballot-fraud-as-rampant-as-president-trump-says-it-is
  294. Science Advances
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7608793
  295. CDC COVID Data Tracker: Vaccinations in the US. View: People. Show: Fully Vaccinated. Population: Total Population. Resu
    https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#vaccinations_vacc-people-onedose-percent-pop12
  296. U.S. COVID-19 vaccine tracker: See your state's progress. From the Mayo Clinic. Hover on the states on the map at the so
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/coronavirus-covid-19/vaccine-tracker
  297. Timeline of daily COVID-19 vaccine doses administered in the US. Click on the chart tab. Then click the download tab, an
    https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/daily-covid-19-vaccination-doses?country=~USA
  298. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/10/health/covid-vaccine-pfizer-fda.html
  299. CNBC
    https://www.cnbc.com/2020/12/18/moderna-covid-vaccine-approved-fda-for-emergency-use.html
  300. Smithsonian Magazine
    https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/fda-authorizes-johnson-johnson-vaccine-heres-why-every-covid-19-vaccine-helps-180977122/
  301. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/19/world/adults-eligible-covid-vaccine.html
  302. The Washington Post
    https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/fda-authorizes-pfizer-coronavirus-vaccine-for-adolescents-12-to-15-years-old/ar-BB1gA3P2
  303. CNBC
    https://www.cnbc.com/2021/08/23/fda-pfizer-biontech-covid-vaccine-wins-full-approval-clearing-path-to-mandates.html
  304. CNN
    https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/21/politics/biden-national-coronavirus-plan/index.html
  305. Sky News
    https://news.sky.com/story/covid-19-us-president-joe-biden-signs-10-executive-orders-to-curb-spread-of-coronavirus-12194856
  306. NPR
    https://www.npr.org/2021/01/22/959700058/100-million-shots-in-100-days-is-bidens-covid-19-vaccination-goal-achievable
  307. HuffPost
    https://www.huffpost.com/entry/biden-vaccine-goal-100-million_n_60567162c5b66a80f4e7f800
  308. CNBC
    https://www.cnbc.com/2021/03/25/biden-will-announce-new-covid-vaccine-goal-200-million-shots-within-his-first-100-days.html
  309. NBCNews.com
    https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/biden-push-more-vaccinations-administration-reaches-200-million-dose-milestone-n1264782
  310. NBC News
    https://web.archive.org/web/20210913110022/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/biden-announce-additional-vaccine-mandates-he-unveils-new-covid-strategy-n1278735
  311. Federal Register
    https://web.archive.org/web/20220127175743/https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2022/01/26/2022-01532/covid-19-vaccination-and-testing-emergency-temporary-standard
  312. Supreme Count
    https://web.archive.org/web/20220113193119/https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/21pdf/21a244_hgci.pdf
  313. commonwealthfund.org
    https://www.commonwealthfund.org/blog/2022/two-years-covid-vaccines-prevented-millions-deaths-hospitalizations
  314. The Lancet Infectious Diseases
    https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(22)00320-6
  315. CBS News
    https://www.cbsnews.com/news/covid-19-vaccine-saved-nearly-20-million-lives-in-a-year-study-says/
  316. JAMA Network Open
    https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.20385
  317. "COVID vaccination progress: Only 1 in 5 say they won't get a jab; White House says pace of shots accelerating". USA Tod
    https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/health/2021/08/31/covid-vaccine-pandemic-louisiana-hospitals/5660300001/
  318. "Biden calls on private companies to issue vaccine requirements". NBC News. August 23, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2025.
    https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/biden-calls-private-companies-issue-vaccine-requirements-n1277470
  319. "Employers Want You To Get Vaccinated. This One Is Offering A $1,000 Bonus." NPR. August 17, 2021.
    https://www.npr.org/2021/08/17/1027620914/to-mandate-or-not-employers-get-urgent-about-vaccinations
  320. The Washington Post
    https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2021/08/19/employers-vaccine-mandate-status-verification/
  321. "Most Americans Now Support Mask And Vaccination Mandates. Which Companies Will Follow Their Lead?". Fortune. August 23,
    https://www.forbes.com/sites/edwardsegal/2021/08/23/most-americans-support-mask-and-vaccination-mandates-which-companies-will-follow-their-lead/
  322. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2024/03/11/briefing/covid-pandemic-anniversary.html
  323. "Data on COVID-19 mortality by vaccination status"
    https://ourworldindata.org/covid-deaths-by-vaccination
  324. The Lancet. Microbe
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9974155
  325. CNN
    https://www.cnn.com/2021/09/10/health/us-coronavirus-friday/index.html
  326. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
    https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/pdfs/mm7037e1-H.pdf
  327. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
    https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/pdfs/mm7034e4-H.pdf
  328. The New Republic
    https://newrepublic.com/article/162891/delta-covid-variants-urgent-message-america
  329. Los Angeles Times
    https://web.archive.org/web/20211108013554/https://www.latimes.com/science/story/2021-08-28/hospitalization-risk-doubled-for-unvaccinated-covid-patients-infected-with-delta-variant
  330. "WHO/ECDC: Nearly half a million lives saved by COVID-19 vaccination in less than a year"
    https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/news-events/who-ecdc-nearly-half-million-lives-saved-covid-19-vaccination
  331. The Lancet Infectious Diseases
    https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fs1473-3099%2822%2900320-6
  332. NHS
    https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/coronavirus-covid-19/coronavirus-vaccination/coronavirus-booster-vaccine/
  333. SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and variants under investigation in England, technical briefing 31
    https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1040076/Technical_Briefing_31.pdf
  334. FactCheck.org
    https://www.factcheck.org/2022/02/scicheck-latest-cdc-data-unvaccinated-adults-97-times-more-likely-to-die-from-covid-19-than-boosted-adults/
  335. BMJ
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8889026
  336. Cancer Cell
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8295014
  337. The Lancet
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9998097
  338. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
    https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/73/wr/mm7301a4.htm
  339. Ars Technica
    https://arstechnica.com/science/2024/01/covid-shots-cut-covid-related-stroke-clot-heart-attack-risk-by-50-in-65/
  340. Ioannidis JPA, Pezzullo AM, Cristiano A, Boccia S. Global Estimates of Lives and Life-Years Saved by COVID-19 Vaccinatio
  341. "California adopts nation's first endemic virus policy"
    https://www.npr.org/2022/02/18/1081655623/california-adopts-nations-first-endemic-virus-policy
  342. NBC News
    https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/biden-calls-americans-begin-resuming-pre-covid-work-life-routines-n1290526
  343. "The White House has a new plan for COVID-19 aimed at getting things back to normal"
    https://www.npr.org/2022/03/02/1083905865/the-white-house-has-a-new-plan-for-covid-19-aimed-at-getting-things-back-to-norm
  344. PBS NewsHour
    https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/dr-fauci-on-why-the-u-s-is-out-of-the-pandemic-phase-2
  345. The Washington Post
    https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2022/04/27/pandemic-phase-over-fauci-covid/
  346. The Boston Globe
    https://www.bostonglobe.com/2022/05/16/metro/covid-19-is-back-rhode-island-central-falls-health-strategist-warns/
  347. "President Joe Biden: The 2022 60 Minutes Interview"
    https://www.cbsnews.com/news/president-joe-biden-60-minutes-interview-transcript-2022-09-18/
  348. "Here's a look at some of history's worst pandemics that have killed millions"
    https://abc7news.com/5974174/
  349. Star Tribune
    http://www.startribune.com/how-the-news-media-played-down-the-pandemics-of-yore-from-spanish-flu-to-swine-flu/568899732/?refresh=true
  350. The Atlantic
    https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/03/were-not-facing-second-spanish-flu/607354/
  351. "These are the countries best prepared for health emergencies"
    https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/02/these-are-the-countries-best-prepared-for-health-emergencies/
  352. "What a Global Health Survey Found Months Before the Coronavirus Pandemic"
    https://www.cfr.org/in-brief/what-global-health-survey-found-months-coronavirus-pandemic
  353. CNN
    https://cnn.com/2020/04/10/politics/trump-usaid-prevent-program-coronavirus/
  354. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/25/health/predict-usaid-viruses.html
  355. Los Angeles Times
    https://www.latimes.com/science/story/2020-04-02/coronavirus-trump-pandemic-program-viruses-detection
  356. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/30/health/predict-pandemic-usaid.html
  357. "Cases, Data, and Surveillance"
    https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/cases-updates/burden.html
  358. The Lancet Regional Health – Americas
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8275579
  359. "Excess Deaths Associated with COVID-19"
    https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/vsrr/covid19/excess_deaths.htm
  360. JAMA
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8019132
  361. The Wall Street Journal
    https://www.wsj.com/articles/why-we-dont-know-how-many-americans-are-infected-with-coronavirusand-might-never-know-11586005200
  362. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/05/us/coronavirus-deaths-undercount.html
  363. "Coronavirus death toll in US likely worse than numbers say"
    https://abcnews.go.com/Health/coronavirus-death-toll-us-worse-numbers/story?id=70018321
  364. The Washington Post
    https://www.washingtonpost.com/investigations/coronavirus-death-toll-americans-are-almost-certainly-dying-of-covid-19-but-being-left-out-of-the-official-count/2020/04/05/71d67982-747e-11ea-87da-77a8136c1a6d_story.html
  365. Axios
    https://www.axios.com/trump-coronavirus-death-toll-d8ba60a4-316b-4d1e-8595-74970c15fb34.html
Image
Source: —
Tip: Wheel or +/− to zoom, drag to pan, Esc to close.