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COVID-19 pandemic

Updated: Wikipedia source

COVID-19 pandemic

The global COVID-19 pandemic (also known as the coronavirus pandemic), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), began with an outbreak in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Soon afterward, it spread to other parts of Asia and then worldwide in early 2020. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the outbreak a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) on 30 January 2020, and assessed it as having become a pandemic on 11 March. The WHO declared the public health emergency caused by COVID-19 had ended in May 2023. COVID-19 symptoms range from asymptomatic to deadly, but most commonly include fever, sore throat, nocturnal cough, and fatigue. Transmission of the virus is often through airborne particles. Mutations have produced many strains (variants) with varying degrees of infectivity and virulence. COVID-19 vaccines were developed rapidly and deployed to the general public beginning in December 2020, made available through government and international programmes such as COVAX, aiming to provide vaccine equity. Treatments include novel antiviral drugs and symptom control. Common mitigation measures during the public health emergency included travel restrictions, lockdowns, business restrictions and closures, workplace hazard controls, mask mandates, quarantines, testing systems, and contact tracing of the infected. The pandemic caused severe social and economic disruption around the world, including the largest global recession since the Great Depression. Widespread supply shortages, including food shortages, were caused by supply chain disruptions and panic buying. Reduced human activity led to an unprecedented temporary decrease in pollution. Educational institutions and public areas were partially or fully closed in many jurisdictions, and many events were cancelled or postponed during 2020 and 2021. Telework became much more common for white-collar workers as the pandemic evolved. Misinformation circulated through social media and occasionally through mass media, and political tensions intensified. The pandemic raised issues of racial and geographic discrimination, health equity, and the balance between public health imperatives and individual rights. The disease has continued to circulate since 2023. As of 2024, experts were uncertain as to whether it still qualified as a pandemic. Different definitions of pandemics lead to different determinations of when they end. As of 12 December 2025, COVID-19 has caused 7,102,614 confirmed deaths, and 18.2 to 33.5 million estimated deaths. The pandemic ranks as the fifth-deadliest pandemic or epidemic in history.

Infobox

Cases per capita
Cases per capita Cumulative 10% 3–10% 1–3% 0.3–1% 0.1–0.3% 0.03–0.1% 0–0.03% None or no data
Disease
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Virus strain
Severe acute respiratory syndromecoronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2)
Source
Bats (indirectly)
Location
Worldwide
Index case
Wuhan, China 30°37′11″N 114°15′28″E / 30.61972°N 114.25778°E / 30.61972; 114.257781 December 2019(6 years, 2 weeks and 5 days ago)
Dates
Described as a pandemic by the WHO: 11 March 2020 (5 years and 9 months ago) Public health emergency of international concern: 30 January 2020 – 5 May 2023 (3 years, 3 months and 5 days)
Confirmed cases
778,867,537
Deaths
7,102,614 (reported) 18.2–33.5 million (estimated)
Fatality rate
As of 10 March 2023: 1.02%
Suspected cases‡
Far higher ( 70% of the world population, by the end of 2022)

Tables

IFR estimate per age group[86] · Epidemiology › Deaths › Infection fatality ratio (IFR)
0–34
0–34
Age group
0–34
IFR
0.004%
35–44
35–44
Age group
35–44
IFR
0.068%
45–54
45–54
Age group
45–54
IFR
0.23%
55–64
55–64
Age group
55–64
IFR
0.75%
65–74
65–74
Age group
65–74
IFR
2.5%
75–84
75–84
Age group
75–84
IFR
8.5%
85 +
85 +
Age group
85 +
IFR
28.3%
Age group
IFR
0–34
0.004%
35–44
0.068%
45–54
0.23%
55–64
0.75%
65–74
2.5%
75–84
8.5%
85 +
28.3%
Variants of concern (past and present)[101][102] · Disease › Variants
Alpha
Alpha
Name
Alpha
Lineage
B.1.1.7
Detected
United Kingdom
Countries
190
Priority
VoC
Beta
Beta
Name
Beta
Lineage
B.1.351
Detected
South Africa
Countries
140
Priority
VoC
Delta
Delta
Name
Delta
Lineage
B.1.617.2
Detected
India
Countries
170
Priority
VoC
Gamma
Gamma
Name
Gamma
Lineage
P.1
Detected
Brazil
Countries
90
Priority
VoC
Omicron
Omicron
Name
Omicron
Lineage
B.1.1.529
Detected
Botswana
Countries
149
Priority
VoC
Name
Lineage
Detected
Countries
Priority
Alpha
B.1.1.7
United Kingdom
190
VoC
Beta
B.1.351
South Africa
140
VoC
Delta
B.1.617.2
India
170
VoC
Gamma
P.1
Brazil
90
VoC
Omicron
B.1.1.529
Botswana
149
VoC

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