Topzle Topzle

Burj Khalifa

Updated: Wikipedia source

Burj Khalifa

The Burj Khalifa (previously known as Burj Dubai prior to inauguration) is a megatall skyscraper in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Designed by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, it is the world's tallest structure, with a total height of 829 m (2,722 ft, or just over half a mile) and a roof height (excluding the antenna, but including a 242 m spire) of 828 m (2,717 ft). It has also been the tallest building in the world since its topping out in 2009, surpassing Taipei 101, which had held the record since 2004. Construction of the Burj Khalifa began in 2004; the exterior was completed five years later. The primary structure is reinforced concrete. Some of the structural steel for the building was salvaged from the demolished Palace of the Republic in East Berlin. The building was opened in 2010 as part of a new development called Downtown Dubai. It was designed to be the centrepiece of large-scale, mixed-use development. The building is named after the former president of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan. The United Arab Emirates government provided Dubai with financial support as the developer, Emaar Properties, experienced financial problems during the Great Recession. Then-president of the United Arab Emirates, Khalifa bin Zayed, organised federal financial support. For his support, Mohammad bin Rashid, Ruler of Dubai, changed the name from "Burj Dubai" to "Burj Khalifa" during inauguration. The design is derived from the Islamic architecture of the region, such as in the Great Mosque of Samarra. The Y-shaped tripartite floor geometry is designed to optimise residential and hotel space. A buttressed central core and wings are used to support the height of the building. The Burj Khalifa's central core houses all vertical transportation except egress stairs within each of the wings. The structure also features a cladding system which is designed to withstand Dubai's hot summer temperatures. It contains a total of 57 elevators and 8 escalators.

Infobox

Preceded by
Taipei 101
Status
Completed
Type
Mixed-use
Architectural style
Neo-futurism
Location
1 Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Boulevard, Dubai, Emirate of Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Named for
Sheikh Khalifa
Construction started
6 January 2004 (2004-01-06)
Topped-out
17 January 2009 (2009-01-17)
Completed
1 October 2009 (2009-10-01)
Opened
4 January 2010 (2010-01-04)
Cost
US$1 billion AED 5 billion
Owner
Emaar Properties
Architectural
828 m (2,717 ft)
Tip
829 m (2,722 ft)
Antenna spire
242 m (796 ft)
Roof
739 m (2,426 ft)
Top floor
585 m (1,921 ft)
Observatory
555 m (1,823 ft)
Structural system
Reinforced concrete, steel, and aluminium
Floor count
154 9 maintenance
Floor area
309,473 m2 (3,331,100 sq ft)
Lifts/elevators
57 (mall included)
Architect
Adrian Smith
Architecture firm
Skidmore, Owings & Merrill
Structural engineer
Bill Baker
Main contractor
Samsung C&T BESIX Arabtec
Parking
2 subterranean levels
Public transit access
M1 At Burj Khalifa/Dubai Mall

Tables

· Floor plan
160–163
160–163
Floors
160–163
Purpose
Mechanical
Dimetric projection with floors colour-coded by function
Dimetric projection with floors colour-coded by function
156–159
156–159
Floors
156–159
Purpose
Communication and broadcast
155
155
Floors
155
Purpose
Mechanical
152–154
152–154
Floors
152–154
Purpose
The Lounge observatory
149–151
149–151
Floors
149–151
Purpose
Corporate suites
148
148
Floors
148
Purpose
At the Top Sky observatory
139–147
139–147
Floors
139–147
Purpose
Corporate suites
136–138
136–138
Floors
136–138
Purpose
Mechanical
125–135
125–135
Floors
125–135
Purpose
Corporate suites
124
124
Floors
124
Purpose
At the Top observatory
123
123
Floors
123
Purpose
Sky lobby
122
122
Floors
122
Purpose
At restaurant
111–121
111–121
Floors
111–121
Purpose
Corporate suites
109–110
109–110
Floors
109–110
Purpose
Mechanical
77–108
77–108
Floors
77–108
Purpose
Residential
76
76
Floors
76
Purpose
Sky lobby
73–75
73–75
Floors
73–75
Purpose
Mechanical
44–72
44–72
Floors
44–72
Purpose
Residential
43
43
Floors
43
Purpose
Sky lobby
40–42
40–42
Floors
40–42
Purpose
Mechanical
38–39
38–39
Floors
38–39
Purpose
Armani Hotel suites
19–37
19–37
Floors
19–37
Purpose
Residential
17–18
17–18
Floors
17–18
Purpose
Mechanical
9–16
9–16
Floors
9–16
Purpose
Armani Residences
1–8
1–8
Floors
1–8
Purpose
Armani Hotel
Ground
Ground
Floors
Ground
Purpose
Armani Hotel, Lobby
Concourse
Concourse
Floors
Concourse
Purpose
Armani Hotel, Lobby
B1–B2
B1–B2
Floors
B1–B2
Purpose
Parking, Mechanical
Floors
Purpose
Dimetric projection with floors colour-coded by function
160–163
Mechanical
156–159
Communication and broadcast
155
Mechanical
152–154
The Lounge observatory
149–151
Corporate suites
148
At the Top Sky observatory
139–147
Corporate suites
136–138
Mechanical
125–135
Corporate suites
124
At the Top observatory
123
Sky lobby
122
At restaurant
111–121
Corporate suites
109–110
Mechanical
77–108
Residential
76
Sky lobby
73–75
Mechanical
44–72
Residential
43
Sky lobby
40–42
Mechanical
38–39
Armani Hotel suites
19–37
Residential
17–18
Mechanical
9–16
Armani Residences
1–8
Armani Hotel
Ground
Armani Hotel, Lobby
Concourse
Armani Hotel, Lobby
B1–B2
Parking, Mechanical
· Awards
2012
2012
Year
2012
Award
Award of Merit for World Voices Sculpture, Burj Khalifa Lobby from Structural Engineers Association of Illinois (SEAOI), Chicago.
2011
2011
Year
2011
Award
Interior Architecture Award, Certificate of Merit from AIA – Chicago Chapter.
Distinguished Building Award, Citation of Merit from AIA – Chicago Chapter.
Distinguished Building Award, Citation of Merit from AIA – Chicago Chapter.
Year
Distinguished Building Award, Citation of Merit from AIA – Chicago Chapter.
Interior Architecture Award: Special Recognition from AIA – Chicago Chapter.
Interior Architecture Award: Special Recognition from AIA – Chicago Chapter.
Year
Interior Architecture Award: Special Recognition from AIA – Chicago Chapter.
Design Excellence Award: Special Function Room.
Design Excellence Award: Special Function Room.
Year
Design Excellence Award: Special Function Room.
Excellence in Engineering from ASHRAE (American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers) – Illinois Chapter.
Excellence in Engineering from ASHRAE (American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers) – Illinois Chapter.
Year
Excellence in Engineering from ASHRAE (American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers) – Illinois Chapter.
Outstanding Structure Award from International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering.
Outstanding Structure Award from International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering.
Year
Outstanding Structure Award from International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering.
Decade of Design, Presidential Commendation in Corporate Space Small from International Interior Design Association (IIDA).
Decade of Design, Presidential Commendation in Corporate Space Small from International Interior Design Association (IIDA).
Year
Decade of Design, Presidential Commendation in Corporate Space Small from International Interior Design Association (IIDA).
Decade of Design • Best of Category/Mixed Use Buildings from International Interior Design Association (IIDA).
Decade of Design • Best of Category/Mixed Use Buildings from International Interior Design Association (IIDA).
Year
Decade of Design • Best of Category/Mixed Use Buildings from International Interior Design Association (IIDA).
GCC Technical Building Project of the Year from MEED (formerly Middle East Economic Digest).
GCC Technical Building Project of the Year from MEED (formerly Middle East Economic Digest).
Year
GCC Technical Building Project of the Year from MEED (formerly Middle East Economic Digest).
Project of the Year from MEED.
Project of the Year from MEED.
Year
Project of the Year from MEED.
2010
2010
Year
2010
Award
International Architecture Award.
Arab Achievement Award 2010: Best Architecture Project from Arab Investment Summit.
Arab Achievement Award 2010: Best Architecture Project from Arab Investment Summit.
Year
Arab Achievement Award 2010: Best Architecture Project from Arab Investment Summit.
Architecture Award (Mixed Use) Dubai from Arabian Property Awards.
Architecture Award (Mixed Use) Dubai from Arabian Property Awards.
Year
Architecture Award (Mixed Use) Dubai from Arabian Property Awards.
Architecture Award (Mixed Use) Arabian Region from Arabian Property Awards.
Architecture Award (Mixed Use) Arabian Region from Arabian Property Awards.
Year
Architecture Award (Mixed Use) Arabian Region from Arabian Property Awards.
International Architecture Award from Chicago Athenaeum.
International Architecture Award from Chicago Athenaeum.
Year
International Architecture Award from Chicago Athenaeum.
American Architecture Award from Chicago Athenaeum.
American Architecture Award from Chicago Athenaeum.
Year
American Architecture Award from Chicago Athenaeum.
Commercial / Mixed Use Built from Cityscape.
Commercial / Mixed Use Built from Cityscape.
Year
Commercial / Mixed Use Built from Cityscape.
Best Mixed Use Built Development in Cityscape Abu Dhabi.
Best Mixed Use Built Development in Cityscape Abu Dhabi.
Year
Best Mixed Use Built Development in Cityscape Abu Dhabi.
Skyscraper Award: Silver Medal from Emporis.
Skyscraper Award: Silver Medal from Emporis.
Year
Skyscraper Award: Silver Medal from Emporis.
Award for Commercial or Retail Structure from Institution of Structural Engineers.
Award for Commercial or Retail Structure from Institution of Structural Engineers.
Year
Award for Commercial or Retail Structure from Institution of Structural Engineers.
International Architecture Award (Mixed Use) from International Commercial Property Awards.
International Architecture Award (Mixed Use) from International Commercial Property Awards.
Year
International Architecture Award (Mixed Use) from International Commercial Property Awards.
Special Recognition for Technological Advancement from International Highrise Awards.
Special Recognition for Technological Advancement from International Highrise Awards.
Year
Special Recognition for Technological Advancement from International Highrise Awards.
Best Structural Design of the Year from LEAF Award.
Best Structural Design of the Year from LEAF Award.
Year
Best Structural Design of the Year from LEAF Award.
International Projects Category: Outstanding Project from National Council of Structural Engineers Associations.
International Projects Category: Outstanding Project from National Council of Structural Engineers Associations.
Year
International Projects Category: Outstanding Project from National Council of Structural Engineers Associations.
Best of What's New from Popular Science Magazine.
Best of What's New from Popular Science Magazine.
Year
Best of What's New from Popular Science Magazine.
Spark Awards, Silver Award.
Spark Awards, Silver Award.
Year
Spark Awards, Silver Award.
Excellence in Structural Engineering: Most Innovative Structure from SEAOI.
Excellence in Structural Engineering: Most Innovative Structure from SEAOI.
Year
Excellence in Structural Engineering: Most Innovative Structure from SEAOI.
Year
Award
2012
Award of Merit for World Voices Sculpture, Burj Khalifa Lobby from Structural Engineers Association of Illinois (SEAOI), Chicago.
2011
Interior Architecture Award, Certificate of Merit from AIA – Chicago Chapter.
Distinguished Building Award, Citation of Merit from AIA – Chicago Chapter.
Interior Architecture Award: Special Recognition from AIA – Chicago Chapter.
Design Excellence Award: Special Function Room.
Excellence in Engineering from ASHRAE (American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers) – Illinois Chapter.
Outstanding Structure Award from International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering.
Decade of Design, Presidential Commendation in Corporate Space Small from International Interior Design Association (IIDA).
Decade of Design • Best of Category/Mixed Use Buildings from International Interior Design Association (IIDA).
GCC Technical Building Project of the Year from MEED (formerly Middle East Economic Digest).
Project of the Year from MEED.
2010
International Architecture Award.
Arab Achievement Award 2010: Best Architecture Project from Arab Investment Summit.
Architecture Award (Mixed Use) Dubai from Arabian Property Awards.
Architecture Award (Mixed Use) Arabian Region from Arabian Property Awards.
International Architecture Award from Chicago Athenaeum.
American Architecture Award from Chicago Athenaeum.
Commercial / Mixed Use Built from Cityscape.
Best Mixed Use Built Development in Cityscape Abu Dhabi.
Skyscraper Award: Silver Medal from Emporis.
Award for Commercial or Retail Structure from Institution of Structural Engineers.
International Architecture Award (Mixed Use) from International Commercial Property Awards.
Special Recognition for Technological Advancement from International Highrise Awards.
Best Structural Design of the Year from LEAF Award.
International Projects Category: Outstanding Project from National Council of Structural Engineers Associations.
Best of What's New from Popular Science Magazine.
Spark Awards, Silver Award.
Excellence in Structural Engineering: Most Innovative Structure from SEAOI.
· External links
Preceded byWarsaw Radio Mast 646 m (2,120 ft)
Preceded byWarsaw Radio Mast 646 m (2,120 ft)
Records
Preceded byWarsaw Radio Mast 646 m (2,120 ft)
Records
World's tallest structure ever built on dry land 2008 – present
Records
Incumbent
Preceded byKVLY-TV mast 628 m (2,063 ft)
Preceded byKVLY-TV mast 628 m (2,063 ft)
Records
Preceded byKVLY-TV mast 628 m (2,063 ft)
Records
World's tallest structure on dry land 2008 – present
Preceded byCN Tower 553 m (1,815 ft)
Preceded byCN Tower 553 m (1,815 ft)
Records
Preceded byCN Tower 553 m (1,815 ft)
Records
World's tallest free-standing structure 2007 – present
Preceded byTaipei 101 509 m (1,670 ft)
Preceded byTaipei 101 509 m (1,670 ft)
Records
Preceded byTaipei 101 509 m (1,670 ft)
Records
World's tallest building 2009 – present
Preceded byWillis Tower 108 floors
Preceded byWillis Tower 108 floors
Records
Preceded byWillis Tower 108 floors
Records
Building with the most floors 2007 – present
Preceded byAlmas Tower 360 m (1,180 ft)
Preceded byAlmas Tower 360 m (1,180 ft)
Records
Preceded byAlmas Tower 360 m (1,180 ft)
Records
Tallest building in Dubai 2009 – present
Records
Preceded byWarsaw Radio Mast 646 m (2,120 ft)
World's tallest structure ever built on dry land 2008 – present
Incumbent
Preceded byKVLY-TV mast 628 m (2,063 ft)
World's tallest structure on dry land 2008 – present
Preceded byCN Tower 553 m (1,815 ft)
World's tallest free-standing structure 2007 – present
Preceded byTaipei 101 509 m (1,670 ft)
World's tallest building 2009 – present
Preceded byWillis Tower 108 floors
Building with the most floors 2007 – present
Preceded byAlmas Tower 360 m (1,180 ft)
Tallest building in Dubai 2009 – present

References

  1. Arabic: بُرْج خَلِيفَة, Burj Khalīfah, pronounced [bʊrd͡ʒ xaˈliːfa], lit. 'Khalifa tower'
  2. CVU Skyscraper Center
    http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/wd/3
  3. "the world's vainest skyscrapers"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20131117120309/http://www.ctbuh.org/Publications/Journal/InNumbers/TBINVanityHeight/tabid/5837/language/en-US/Default.aspx
  4. "Burj Khalifa – The Skyscraper Center"
    http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/burj-khalifa/3
  5. The Wall Street Journal
    https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703580904574638111667658806
  6. "Berlin's Demolished Socialist Palace is Revived in Dubai"
    http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,2144,3554502,00.html
  7. USA Today
    http://content.usatoday.com/communities/ondeadline/post/2010/01/dubai-opens-world-tallest-building/1
  8. academic
    https://web.archive.org/web/20170810080936/http://academic.csuohio.edu/duffy_s/CVE_601_Struct_1.pdf
  9. "State-of-the-Art & Structural Design Elements"
    https://www.burjkhalifa.ae/en/the-tower/structures/
  10. Gulfnews
    https://web.archive.org/web/20091106052129/http://gulfnews.com/business/property/uae/official-opening-of-iconic-burj-dubai-announced-1.523471
  11. BBC News
    http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/8439618.stm
  12. "Burj Dubai reaches a record high"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20110710184915/http://www.emaar.com/index.aspx?page=press-release-details&id=361
  13. "Adrian Smith Leaves SOM, Longtime Skidmore partner bucks retirement to start new firm"
    http://www.architectmagazine.com/industry-news.asp?sectionID=1006&articleID=385534
  14. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat
    https://web.archive.org/web/20191223043034/http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/willis-tower/169
  15. "Burj Dubai, Dubai – SkyscraperPage "
    http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=7787
  16. "Archi-Ninja | Burj Khalifa (Dubai) – The Truth Behind the Bling"
    https://www.archi-ninja.com/burj-khalifa-dubai-the-truth-behind-the-bling/
  17. ww3
    https://ww3.rics.org/uk/en/modus/built-environment/urbanisation/buildings-that-elevated-cities--dubai-s-burj-khalifa.html
  18. Los Angeles Times
    https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2005-oct-13-fg-dubai13-story.html
  19. Businessweek
    https://web.archive.org/web/20150530182733/http://www.businessweek.com/globalbiz/content/jan2010/gb2010015_736675.htm
  20. The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/feb/13/dubai-boom-halt
Image
Source: —
Tip: Wheel or +/− to zoom, drag to pan, Esc to close.