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Buffy Sainte-Marie

Updated: Wikipedia source

Buffy Sainte-Marie

Buffy Sainte-Marie (born Beverley Jean Santamaria; February 20, 1941) is an American singer-songwriter, musician, and social activist. Sainte-Marie's singing and writing repertoire includes subjects of love, war, religion, and mysticism, and her work has often focused on issues facing Indigenous peoples of the United States and Canada. She has won recognition, awards, and honors for her music as well as her work in education and social activism. In 1983, her co-written song "Up Where We Belong", for the film An Officer and a Gentleman, won the Academy Award for Best Original Song at the 55th Academy Awards. The song also won the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song that same year. Since the early 1960s, Sainte-Marie claimed Indigenous Canadian ancestry, but a 2023 investigation by CBC News concluded she was born in the United States and is of Italian and English descent. Some Indigenous musicians and organizations called for awards she won while falsely claiming an Indigenous identity to be rescinded. In 2025, many of her awards and honors were revoked, including her membership in the Order of Canada, her induction into the Canadian Music Hall of Fame, her Juno Awards, and her Polaris Music Prizes.

Infobox

Born
Beverley Jean Santamaria (1941-02-20) February 20, 1941 (age 84)Stoneham, Massachusetts, U.S.
Genres
mw- .inline, .inline dl, .inline ol, .inline ul, dl dl, dl ol, dl ul, ol dl, ol ol dd dd dd , dd dt , dd li , dt dd , dt dt , dt li , li dd dd dd , dd dt , dd li , dt dd , dt dt , dt li , li dd dd ol li Folk rock country folk
Occupations
Musician singer-songwriter composer record producer visual artist educator social activist humanitarian
Instruments
Vocals guitar keyboards
Years active
1963–2023 (touring)
Labels
Vanguard Angel/EMI Capitol/EMI Island MCA Appleseed Ensign/Chrysalis/EMI
Spouses
mw- Dewain Bugbee (m. 1968; div. 1971) Sheldon Wolfchild (m. 1975, divorced) Jack Nitzsche (m. 1982; div. 1989)
Website
buffysainte-marie.com

Tables

· Honors and awards › Honorary degrees
University of Regina
University of Regina
University
University of Regina
Title
Honorary Doctor of Laws
Year Awarded
1996
Lakehead University
Lakehead University
University
Lakehead University
Title
Honorary Doctor of Letters
Year Awarded
2000
University of Saskatchewan
University of Saskatchewan
University
University of Saskatchewan
Title
Honorary Doctor of Humanities
Year Awarded
2003
Emily Carr Institute of Art and Design
Emily Carr Institute of Art and Design
University
Emily Carr Institute of Art and Design
Title
Honorary Doctor of Letters
Year Awarded
2007
Carleton University
Carleton University
University
Carleton University
Title
Honorary Doctor of Laws
Year Awarded
2008
University of Western Ontario
University of Western Ontario
University
University of Western Ontario
Title
Honorary Doctor of Music
Year Awarded
2009
Ontario College of Art and Design
Ontario College of Art and Design
University
Ontario College of Art and Design
Title
Honorary Doctor of Fine Arts
Year Awarded
2010
Brandon University
Brandon University
University
Brandon University
Title
Honorary Doctor of Music
Year Awarded
2010
Wilfrid Laurier University
Wilfrid Laurier University
University
Wilfrid Laurier University
Title
Honorary Doctor of Letters
Year Awarded
2010
University of British Columbia
University of British Columbia
University
University of British Columbia
Title
Honorary Doctor of Letters
Year Awarded
2012
Vancouver Island University
Vancouver Island University
University
Vancouver Island University
Title
Honorary Doctor of Laws
Year Awarded
2016
University of Lethbridge
University of Lethbridge
University
University of Lethbridge
Title
Honorary Doctor of Laws
Year Awarded
2017
Dalhousie University
Dalhousie University
University
Dalhousie University
Title
Honorary Doctor of Laws
Year Awarded
2018
University of Toronto
University of Toronto
University
University of Toronto
Title
Honorary Doctor of Laws
Year Awarded
2019
University
Title
Year Awarded
University of Regina
Honorary Doctor of Laws
1996
Lakehead University
Honorary Doctor of Letters
2000
University of Saskatchewan
Honorary Doctor of Humanities
2003
Emily Carr Institute of Art and Design
Honorary Doctor of Letters
2007
Carleton University
Honorary Doctor of Laws
2008
University of Western Ontario
Honorary Doctor of Music
2009
Ontario College of Art and Design
Honorary Doctor of Fine Arts
2010
Brandon University
Honorary Doctor of Music
2010
Wilfrid Laurier University
Honorary Doctor of Letters
2010
University of British Columbia
Honorary Doctor of Letters
2012
Vancouver Island University
Honorary Doctor of Laws
2016
University of Lethbridge
Honorary Doctor of Laws
2017
Dalhousie University
Honorary Doctor of Laws
2018
University of Toronto
Honorary Doctor of Laws
2019
· Honors and awards › Personal awards
Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal
Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal
Award
Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal
Year Awarded
2002
Status
Revoked 2025
Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal
Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal
Award
Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal
Year Awarded
2012
Status
Revoked 2025
Juno Humanitarian Award
Juno Humanitarian Award
Award
Juno Humanitarian Award
Year Awarded
2017
Status
Revoked 2025
Note
Awarded as Allan Waters Humanitarian Award
Companion of the Order of Canada
Companion of the Order of Canada
Award
Companion of the Order of Canada
Year Awarded
2019
Status
Terminated 2025
Note
Promotion from Officer in 1997
PARO Inaugural Women Voice Award
PARO Inaugural Women Voice Award
Award
PARO Inaugural Women Voice Award
Year Awarded
2019
Canadian Music WeekAllan Slaight Humanitarian Spirit Award
Canadian Music WeekAllan Slaight Humanitarian Spirit Award
Award
Canadian Music WeekAllan Slaight Humanitarian Spirit Award
Year Awarded
2020
TIFF Jeff Skoll Award in Impact Media
TIFF Jeff Skoll Award in Impact Media
Award
TIFF Jeff Skoll Award in Impact Media
Year Awarded
2022
Award
Year Awarded
Status
Note
Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal
2002
Revoked 2025
Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal
2012
Revoked 2025
Juno Humanitarian Award
2017
Revoked 2025
Awarded as Allan Waters Humanitarian Award
Companion of the Order of Canada
2019
Terminated 2025
Promotion from Officer in 1997
PARO Inaugural Women Voice Award
2019
Canadian Music WeekAllan Slaight Humanitarian Spirit Award
2020
TIFF Jeff Skoll Award in Impact Media
2022
· Honors and awards › Performance awards
Academy Award for Best Original Song for "Up Where We Belong"
Academy Award for Best Original Song for "Up Where We Belong"
Award
Academy Award for Best Original Song for "Up Where We Belong"
Year Awarded
1983
Note
Joint winner withJack Nitzsche and Will Jennings
Canadian Music Hall of Fame Inductee
Canadian Music Hall of Fame Inductee
Award
Canadian Music Hall of Fame Inductee
Year Awarded
1995
Status
Revoked 2025
Canadian Aboriginal Music AwardsLifetime Achievement Award
Canadian Aboriginal Music AwardsLifetime Achievement Award
Award
Canadian Aboriginal Music AwardsLifetime Achievement Award
Year Awarded
2008
Note
Awards now known asIndigenous Music Awards
Governor General's Performing Arts Award
Governor General's Performing Arts Award
Award
Governor General's Performing Arts Award
Year Awarded
2010
Status
Revoked 2025
Polaris Music Prize
Polaris Music Prize
Award
Polaris Music Prize
Year Awarded
2015
Status
Revoked 2025
Note
for Power in the Blood
Juno Award for Indigenous Music Album of the Year
Juno Award for Indigenous Music Album of the Year
Award
Juno Award for Indigenous Music Album of the Year
Year Awarded
2018
Status
Revoked 2025
Note
for Medicine Songs
Indigenous Music Awards for Best Folk Album
Indigenous Music Awards for Best Folk Album
Award
Indigenous Music Awards for Best Folk Album
Year Awarded
2018
Note
for Medicine Songs
Canadian Songwriters Hall of Fame Inductee
Canadian Songwriters Hall of Fame Inductee
Award
Canadian Songwriters Hall of Fame Inductee
Year Awarded
2019
Polaris Heritage Prize for It's My Way!
Polaris Heritage Prize for It's My Way!
Award
Polaris Heritage Prize for It's My Way!
Year Awarded
2020
Status
Revoked 2025
Award
Year Awarded
Status
Note
Academy Award for Best Original Song for "Up Where We Belong"
1983
Joint winner withJack Nitzsche and Will Jennings
Canadian Music Hall of Fame Inductee
1995
Revoked 2025
Canadian Aboriginal Music AwardsLifetime Achievement Award
2008
Awards now known asIndigenous Music Awards
Governor General's Performing Arts Award
2010
Revoked 2025
Polaris Music Prize
2015
Revoked 2025
for Power in the Blood
Juno Award for Indigenous Music Album of the Year
2018
Revoked 2025
for Medicine Songs
Indigenous Music Awards for Best Folk Album
2018
for Medicine Songs
Canadian Songwriters Hall of Fame Inductee
2019
Polaris Heritage Prize for It's My Way!
2020
Revoked 2025
List of albums, with selected chart positions · Discography › Albums
CAN
CAN
Year
CAN
Album
AUS
Peak chart positions
UK
Peak chart positions
US
1964
1964
Year
1964
Album
It's My Way!
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
1965
1965
Year
1965
Album
Many a Mile
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
1966
1966
Year
1966
Album
Little Wheel Spin and Spin
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
97
1967
1967
Year
1967
Album
Fire & Fleet & Candlelight
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
126
1968
1968
Year
1968
Album
I'm Gonna Be a Country Girl Again
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
171
1969
1969
Year
1969
Album
Illuminations
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
1971
1971
Year
1971
Album
She Used to Wanna Be a Ballerina
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
47
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
182
1972
1972
Year
1972
Album
Moonshot
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
134
1973
1973
Year
1973
Album
Quiet Places
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
1974
1974
Year
1974
Album
Buffy
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
1975
1975
Year
1975
Album
Changing Woman
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
1976
1976
Year
1976
Album
Sweet America
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
1992
1992
Year
1992
Album
Coincidence and Likely Stories
Peak chart positions
63
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
39
Peak chart positions
1996
1996
Year
1996
Album
Up Where We Belong
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
2008
2008
Year
2008
Album
Running for the Drum
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
2015
2015
Year
2015
Album
Power in the Blood
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
2017
2017
Year
2017
Album
Medicine Songs
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
Year
Album
Peak chart positions
CAN
AUS
UK
US
1964
It's My Way!
1965
Many a Mile
1966
Little Wheel Spin and Spin
97
1967
Fire & Fleet & Candlelight
126
1968
I'm Gonna Be a Country Girl Again
171
1969
Illuminations
1971
She Used to Wanna Be a Ballerina
47
182
1972
Moonshot
134
1973
Quiet Places
1974
Buffy
1975
Changing Woman
1976
Sweet America
1992
Coincidence and Likely Stories
63
39
1996
Up Where We Belong
2008
Running for the Drum
2015
Power in the Blood
2017
Medicine Songs
List of collaboration albums · Discography › Albums
1985
1985
Year
1985
Album
Attla: A Motion Picture Soundtrack Album (with William Ackerman)
Year
Album
1985
Attla: A Motion Picture Soundtrack Album (with William Ackerman)
List of compilation albums · Discography › Compilation albums
US
US
Year
US
1970
1970
Year
1970
Album
The Best of Buffy Sainte-Marie
Peak chart positions
142
1971
1971
Year
1971
Album
The Best of Buffy Sainte-Marie Vol. 2
Peak chart positions
1974
1974
Year
1974
Album
Native North American Child: An Odyssey
Peak chart positions
1976
1976
Year
1976
Album
Indian Girl (European release)
Peak chart positions
A Golden Hour of the Best Of (UK release)
A Golden Hour of the Best Of (UK release)
Year
A Golden Hour of the Best Of (UK release)
Album
2003
2003
Year
2003
Album
The Best of the Vanguard Years
Peak chart positions
2008
2008
Year
2008
Album
Buffy/Changing Woman/Sweet America
Peak chart positions
2010
2010
Year
2010
Album
The Pathfinder: Buried Treasures – The Mid-70's Recordings
Peak chart positions
Year
Album
Peak chart positions
US
1970
The Best of Buffy Sainte-Marie
142
1971
The Best of Buffy Sainte-Marie Vol. 2
1974
Native North American Child: An Odyssey
1976
Indian Girl (European release)
A Golden Hour of the Best Of (UK release)
2003
The Best of the Vanguard Years
2008
Buffy/Changing Woman/Sweet America
2010
The Pathfinder: Buried Treasures – The Mid-70's Recordings
List of singles, with selected chart positions · Discography › Singles
CAN
CAN
Year
CAN
Single
CAN AC
Peak chart positions
AUS
Peak chart positions
UK
Peak chart positions
US
1965
1965
Year
1965
Single
"Until It's Time for You to Go"
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
Album
Many a Mile
1970
1970
Year
1970
Single
"The Circle Game"
Peak chart positions
76
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
83
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
109
Album
Fire & Fleet & Candlelight
1971
1971
Year
1971
Single
"Soldier Blue"
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
7
Peak chart positions
Album
She Used to Wanna Be a Ballerina
"I'm Gonna Be a Country Girl Again"
"I'm Gonna Be a Country Girl Again"
Year
"I'm Gonna Be a Country Girl Again"
Single
86
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
34
Peak chart positions
98
Peak chart positions
I'm Gonna Be a Country Girl Again
1972
1972
Year
1972
Single
"Mister Can't You See"
Peak chart positions
21
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
70
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
38
Album
Moonshot
"He's an Indian Cowboy in the Rodeo"
"He's an Indian Cowboy in the Rodeo"
Year
"He's an Indian Cowboy in the Rodeo"
Single
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
98
1973
1973
Year
1973
Single
"I Wanna Hold Your Hand Forever"
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
Album
N/A
1974
1974
Year
1974
Single
"Waves"
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
27
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
Album
Buffy
1992
1992
Year
1992
Single
"The Big Ones Get Away"
Peak chart positions
24
Peak chart positions
14
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
39
Peak chart positions
Album
Coincidence & Likely Stories
"Fallen Angels"
"Fallen Angels"
Year
"Fallen Angels"
Single
50
Peak chart positions
26
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
57
Peak chart positions
1996
1996
Year
1996
Single
"Until It's Time for You to Go"
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
54
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
Album
Up Where We Belong
2008
2008
Year
2008
Single
"No No Keshagesh"
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
Album
Running for the Drum
2017
2017
Year
2017
Single
"You Got to Run (Spirit of the Wind)"(featuring Tanya Tagaq)
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
Peak chart positions
Album
Medicine Songs
Year
Single
Peak chart positions
Album
CAN
CAN AC
AUS
UK
US
1965
"Until It's Time for You to Go"
Many a Mile
1970
"The Circle Game"
76
83
109
Fire & Fleet & Candlelight
1971
"Soldier Blue"
7
She Used to Wanna Be a Ballerina
"I'm Gonna Be a Country Girl Again"
86
34
98
I'm Gonna Be a Country Girl Again
1972
"Mister Can't You See"
21
70
38
Moonshot
"He's an Indian Cowboy in the Rodeo"
98
1973
"I Wanna Hold Your Hand Forever"
N/A
1974
"Waves"
27
Buffy
1992
"The Big Ones Get Away"
24
14
39
Coincidence & Likely Stories
"Fallen Angels"
50
26
57
1996
"Until It's Time for You to Go"
54
Up Where We Belong
2008
"No No Keshagesh"
Running for the Drum
2017
"You Got to Run (Spirit of the Wind)"(featuring Tanya Tagaq)
Medicine Songs
· Discography › Soundtrack appearances
1970
1970
Year
1970
Song(s)
"Dyed, Dead, Red" and "Hashishin" with Ry Cooder
Album
Performance
2019
2019
Year
2019
Song(s)
"The Circle Game"
Album
Once Upon A Time In Hollywood
Year
Song(s)
Album
1970
"Dyed, Dead, Red" and "Hashishin" with Ry Cooder
Performance
2019
"The Circle Game"
Once Upon A Time In Hollywood

References

  1. Some later sources, including Andrea Warner's authorized biography, report that Billboard named Saint-Marie the "best ne
  2. CBC News
    https://www.cbc.ca/newsinteractives/features/buffy-sainte-marie
  3. Plainshumanities.unl.edu
    http://plainshumanities.unl.edu/encyclopedia/doc/egp.mus.041
  4. More than 26.5 million copies sold worldwide as per Buffy Saint-Marie biography/profile Archived May 31, 2008, at the Wa
    http://www.creative-native.com/biograp.htm
  5. Grunge.com
    https://www.grunge.com/388211/buffy-sainte-marie-the-first-indigenous-person-to-win-an-academy-award/
  6. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
    https://www.oscars.org/events/officer-and-gentleman-ny
  7. Sheward 1997, p. 159.
  8. The Star Phoenix
    https://thestarphoenix.com/news/saskatchewan/it-is-unfair-indigenous-musicians-upset-over-buffy-sainte-marie-ancestry-revelations
  9. Niagara-on-the-Lake Local
    https://www.notllocal.com/local-news/buffy-sainte-maries-awards-should-be-rescinded-says-indigenous-advocate-7807592
  10. APTN News
    https://www.aptnnews.ca/nation-to-nation/buffy-sainte-marie-story-brought-tears-to-the-eyes-of-indigenous-musician/
  11. CP24
    https://www.cp24.com/slap-in-the-face-indigenous-women-s-group-reacts-to-emmy-win-for-sainte-marie-film-1.6654746
  12. San Francisco Chronicle
    https://www.sfchronicle.com/opinion/openforum/article/buffy-sainte-marie-pretendian-native-canada-keeler-18508936.php
  13. CityNews / The Canadian Press
    https://winnipeg.citynews.ca/2025/03/07/buffy-sainte-marie-loses-juno-awards-canadian-music-hall-of-fame-induction/
  14. Variety
    https://variety.com/2025/music/news/buffy-sainte-marie-stripped-order-of-canada-1236301460/
  15. Toronto Star
    https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/music/buffy-sainte-marie-stripped-of-polaris-music-prize-juno-awards-and-canadian-music-hall-of/article_5e8a919c-fb65-11ef-9390-13958e06e671.html
  16. Buffysaintemarie.co.uk
    https://web.archive.org/web/20131019162036/http://www.buffysaintemarie.co.uk/page5a0.html
  17. The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan
    https://web.archive.org/web/20160924220816/http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/sainte-marie_buffy_beverly_1941-.html
  18. 45 Profiles in Modern Music Archived June 14, 2023, at the Wayback Machine by E. Churchill and Linda Churchill, pgs. 110
    https://books.google.com/books?id=v1999R6lT2AC&pg=RA1-PA111
  19. Buffy Sainte-Marie: A Multimedia Life (Director's Cut) DVD, distributed by Filmwest Associates of Canada and the US, [1]
    http://www.filmwest.com
  20. On Another Side of This Life: The Lost Recordings of Gram Parsons 1965–1966
  21. Charles Brutus McClay – "Bottled in France", released 1970 by CBS France, cat.nr.64478
  22. The Barracudas – "Drop Out with The Barracudas", released 1981 by Zonophone, cat.nr.ZONO103
  23. SoundCloud
    https://soundcloud.com/the-golden-horde/codeine-live-london-1991
  24. "Vietnam War 1961–1964"
    http://www.historyplace.com/unitedstates/vietnam/index-1961.html
  25. Folk and Blues: The Premier Encyclopedia of American Roots Music[permanent dead link] by Irwin Stambler, Lyndon Stambler
    https://books.google.com/books?id=9SiONFzWde0C&pg=PA528
  26. Digital.library.unt.edu
    https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc19793/m1
  27. SecondHandSongs, Until It's Time for You to Go. https://secondhandsongs.com/performance/375
    https://secondhandsongs.com/performance/375
  28. Billboard
    https://books.google.com/books?id=eEUEAAAAMBAJ&dq=Billboard+Buffy+Sainte-Marie+1965+folk+singer&pg=PA58
  29. Warner 2018, chap. 6.
  30. Billboard
    https://books.google.com/books?id=dUUEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA36
  31. Billboard
    https://www.billboard.com/lists/top-new-artist-year-end/1978-meat-loaf/
  32. Encyclopedia of the Great Plains entry by Paula Conlon, University of Oklahoma, edited by David J. Wishart
    https://books.google.com/books?id=f1bkxh3NVbIC&pg=PA547
  33. Take My Hand for a While. https://secondhandsongs.com/work/13720/all Archived November 13, 2022, at the Wayback Machine
    https://secondhandsongs.com/work/13720/all
  34. The Daily Courier
    https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-courier-putting-down-the-rock/134470552/
  35. Chicago Tribune
    https://www.newspapers.com/article/chicago-tribune-then-came-bronson/134471351/
  36. The Boston Globe
    https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-boston-globe-buffy-sainte-maries-i/134471588/
  37. American Masters
    https://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/buffy-sainte-marie-electronic-music-1960s/24281/
  38. Los Angeles Times
    https://www.latimes.com/visuals/photography/la-me-fw-archives-buffy-sainte-marie-gets-american-indians-hired-20170919-story.html
  39. The Cincinnati Post
    https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-cincinnati-post-sesame-street-to-v/134473866/
  40. The Abbotsford News
    https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-abbotsford-news-legendary-singer-her/134473539/
  41. National Post
    https://www.newspapers.com/article/national-post-buffy-sainte-marie-as-told/134195883/
  42. Hazlitt
    https://hazlitt.net/feature/short-lived-normalization-breastfeeding-television
  43. Honolulu Star-Bulletin
    https://www.newspapers.com/article/honolulu-star-bulletin-sainte-marie-pick/134474336/
  44. The Berkeley Gazette
    https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-berkeley-gazette-windwalker-opens/134474537/
  45. Names under the sun: Buffy Sainte-Marie – multi-awarded native American singer makes a comeback, Los Angeles Business Jo
    https://web.archive.org/web/20150924053236/http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m5072/is_n5_v37/ai_12287153
  46. British Film Institute 1985, p. 282.
  47. Whitburn 2009, p. 1041.
  48. Billboard
    https://www.billboard.com/music/pop/greatest-love-song-duets-8550707/
  49. The Sun Times
    https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sun-times-buffy-sainte-marie-singin/134475542/
  50. Native Americans in the Movies: Portrayals from Silent Films to the Present
    https://books.google.com/books?id=9PuICgAAQBAJ&pg=PA397
  51. The Honolulu Advertiser
    https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-honolulu-advertiser-where-the-spirit/134486630/
  52. The Circle & the Square
    https://www.allmusic.com/album/r214993/review
  53. AllMusic
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