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British Raj

Updated: Wikipedia source

British Raj

The British Raj ( RAHJ; from Hindustani rāj, 'reign', 'rule' or 'government') was the rule of the British Crown on the Indian subcontinent, lasting from 1858 to 1947. It is also called Crown rule in India, or direct rule in India. The region under British control was commonly called India in contemporaneous usage and included areas directly administered by the United Kingdom, which were collectively called British India, and areas ruled by indigenous rulers, but under British paramountcy, called the princely states. The region was sometimes called the Indian Empire, though not officially. As India, it was a founding member of the League of Nations and a founding member of the United Nations in San Francisco in 1945. India was a participating state in the Summer Olympics in 1900, 1920, 1928, 1932, and 1936. This system of governance was instituted on 28 June 1858, when, after the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the rule of the East India Company was transferred to the Crown in the person of Queen Victoria (who, in 1876, was proclaimed Empress of India). It lasted until 1947 when the British Raj was partitioned into two sovereign dominion states: the Union of India (later the Republic of India) and Dominion of Pakistan (later the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and People's Republic of Bangladesh in the 1971 Proclamation of Bangladeshi Independence). At the inception of the Raj in 1858, Lower Burma was already a part of British India; Upper Burma was added in 1886, and the resulting union, Burma, was administered as an autonomous province until 1937, when it became a separate British colony, gaining its independence in 1948. It was renamed Myanmar in 1989. The Chief Commissioner's Province of Aden was also part of British India at the inception of the British Raj and became a separate colony known as Aden Colony in 1937 as well.

Infobox

Status
Imperial political structure (comprising British India[a] and the princely states[b])
Capital
mw- Calcutta[c](1858–1911)New Delhi(1911/1931[d]–1947)
Official languages
English[e] Hindustani (Urdu)[f] Other Indian languages[g]
Demonyms
Indians, British Indians
• 1858–1876 (Queen); 1876–1901 (Queen-Empress)
Victoria
• 1901–1910
Edward VII
• 1910–1936
George V
• 1936
Edward VIII
• 1936–1947 (last)
George VI
• 1858–1862 (first)
Charles Canning
• 1947 (last)
William Hare
• 1858–1859 (first)
Edward Stanley
Legislature
Imperial Legislative Council
• Upper house
Council of State
• Lower house
Central Legislative Assembly
• Indian Rebellion
10 May 1857
• Government of India Act
2 August 1858
• Indian Independence Act
18 July 1947
• Partition of India
14–15 August 1947 at midnight
• Total
4,993,650 km2 (1,928,060 sq mi)
• 1941
389,000,000
Currency
Indian rupee

Tables

· History › Timeline of major events, legislation, and public works
1 November 1858 – 21 March 1862
1 November 1858 – 21 March 1862
Period
1 November 1858 – 21 March 1862
Presiding Viceroy
Viscount Canning
Major events, legislation, public works
1858 reorganisation of British Indian Army (contemporaneously and hereafter Indian Army) Construction begins (1860): University of Bombay, University of Madras, and University of Calcutta Indian Penal Code passed into law in 1860. Upper Doab famine of 1860–1861 Indian Councils Act 1861 Establishment of Archaeological Survey of India in 1861 James Wilson, financial member of Council of India, reorganises customs, imposes income tax, creates paper currency. Indian Police Act 1861: creation of the Imperial Police, later known as the Indian Police Service.
21 March 1862 – 20 November 1863
21 March 1862 – 20 November 1863
Period
21 March 1862 – 20 November 1863
Presiding Viceroy
Earl of Elgin
Major events, legislation, public works
Viceroy dies prematurely in Dharamsala in 1863
12 January 1864 – 12 January 1869
12 January 1864 – 12 January 1869
Period
12 January 1864 – 12 January 1869
Presiding Viceroy
Sir John Lawrence, Bt
Major events, legislation, public works
Anglo-Bhutan Duar War (1864–1865) Orissa famine of 1866 Rajputana famine of 1869 Creation of Department of Irrigation. Creation of the Imperial Forestry Service in 1867 (now the Indian Forest Service). "Nicobar Islands annexed and incorporated into India 1869"
12 January 1869 – 8 February 1872
12 January 1869 – 8 February 1872
Period
12 January 1869 – 8 February 1872
Presiding Viceroy
Earl of Mayo
Major events, legislation, public works
Creation of Department of Agriculture (now Ministry of Agriculture) Major extension of railways, roads, and canals Indian Councils Act 1870 Creation of Andaman and Nicobar Islands as a Chief Commissionership (1872). Assassination of Lord Mayo in the Andamans.
3 May 1872 – 12 April 1876
3 May 1872 – 12 April 1876
Period
3 May 1872 – 12 April 1876
Presiding Viceroy
Lord Northbrook
Major events, legislation, public works
Deaths in Bihar famine of 1873–1874 prevented by import of rice from Burma. Gaikwad of Baroda dethroned for misgovernment; dominions passed to a child prince. Indian Councils Act 1874 Visit of the Prince of Wales, the future Edward VII, in 1875–76.
12 April 1876 – 8 June 1880
12 April 1876 – 8 June 1880
Period
12 April 1876 – 8 June 1880
Presiding Viceroy
Lord Lytton
Major events, legislation, public works
Baluchistan established as a Chief Commissionership Queen Victoria (in absentia) proclaimed Empress of India at Delhi Durbar of 1877. Great Famine of 1876–1878: 5.25 million dead; reduced relief offered at expense of Rs. 80 million. Creation of Famine Commission of 1878–80 under Sir Richard Strachey. Indian Forest Act of 1878 Second Anglo-Afghan War.
8 June 1880 – 13 December 1884
8 June 1880 – 13 December 1884
Period
8 June 1880 – 13 December 1884
Presiding Viceroy
Marquess of Ripon
Major events, legislation, public works
End of Second Anglo-Afghan War. Repeal of Vernacular Press Act of 1878. Compromise on the Ilbert Bill. Local Government Acts extend self-government from towns to country. University of Punjab established in Lahore in 1882 Famine Code promulgated in 1883 by the Government of India. Creation of the Education Commission. Creation of indigenous schools, especially for Muslims. Repeal of import duties on cotton and of most tariffs. Railway extension.
13 December 1884 – 10 December 1888
13 December 1884 – 10 December 1888
Period
13 December 1884 – 10 December 1888
Presiding Viceroy
Earl of Dufferin
Major events, legislation, public works
Passage of Bengal Tenancy Bill Third Anglo-Burmese War. Joint Anglo-Russian Boundary Commission appointed for the Afghan frontier. Russian attack on Afghans at Panjdeh (1885). The Great Game in full play. Report of Public Services Commission of 1886–87, creation of the Imperial Civil Service (later the Indian Civil Service (ICS), and today the Indian Administrative Service) University of Allahabad established in 1887 Queen Victoria's Jubilee, 1887.
10 December 1888 – 11 October 1894
10 December 1888 – 11 October 1894
Period
10 December 1888 – 11 October 1894
Presiding Viceroy
Marquess of Lansdowne
Major events, legislation, public works
Strengthening of NW Frontier defence. Creation of Imperial Service Troops consisting of regiments contributed by the princely states. Gilgit Agency leased in 1899 British Parliament passes Indian Councils Act 1892, opening the Imperial Legislative Council to Indians. Revolution in princely state of Manipur and subsequent reinstatement of ruler. High point of The Great Game. Establishment of the Durand Line between British India and Afghanistan, Railways, roads, and irrigation works begun in Burma. Border between Burma and Siam finalised in 1893. Fall of the rupee, resulting from the steady depreciation of silver currency worldwide (1873–93). Indian Prisons Act of 1894
11 October 1894 – 6 January 1899
11 October 1894 – 6 January 1899
Period
11 October 1894 – 6 January 1899
Presiding Viceroy
Earl of Elgin
Major events, legislation, public works
Reorganisation of Indian Army (from Presidency System to the four Commands). Pamir agreement Russia, 1895 The Chitral Campaign (1895), the Tirah campaign (1896–97) Indian famine of 1896–1897 beginning in Bundelkhand. Bubonic plague in Bombay (1896), Bubonic plague in Calcutta (1898); riots in wake of plague prevention measures. Establishment of Provincial Legislative Councils in Burma and Punjab; the former a new Lieutenant Governorship.
6 January 1899 – 18 November 1905
6 January 1899 – 18 November 1905
Period
6 January 1899 – 18 November 1905
Presiding Viceroy
Lord Curzon of Kedleston
Major events, legislation, public works
Creation of the North-West Frontier Province under a Chief Commissioner (1901). Indian famine of 1899–1900. Return of the bubonic plague, 1 million deaths Financial Reform Act of 1899; Gold Reserve Fund created for India. Punjab Land Alienation Act Inauguration of Department (now Ministry) of Commerce and Industry. Death of Queen Victoria (1901); dedication of the Victoria Memorial Hall, Calcutta as a national gallery of Indian antiquities, art, and history. Coronation Durbar in Delhi (1903); Edward VII (in absentia) proclaimed Emperor of India. Francis Younghusband's British expedition to Tibet (1903–04) North-Western Provinces (previously Ceded and Conquered Provinces) and Oudh renamed United Provinces in 1904 Reorganisation of Indian Universities Act (1904). Systemisation of preservation and restoration of ancient monuments by Archaeological Survey of India with the Indian Ancient Monument Preservation Act. Inauguration of agricultural banking with Cooperative Credit Societies Act of 1904 Partition of Bengal; new province of East Bengal and Assam under a Lieutenant-Governor. Census of 1901 gives the total population at 294 million, including 62 million in the princely states and 232 million in British India. About 170,000 are Europeans. 15 million men and 1 million women are literate. Of those school-aged, 25% of the boys and 3% of the girls attend. There are 207 million Hindus, and 63 million Muslims, along with 9 million Buddhists (in Burma), 3 million Christians, 2 million Sikhs, 1 million Jains, and 8.4 million who practise animism.
18 November 1905 – 23 November 1910
18 November 1905 – 23 November 1910
Period
18 November 1905 – 23 November 1910
Presiding Viceroy
Earl of Minto
Major events, legislation, public works
Creation of the Railway Board Anglo-Russian Convention of 1907 Indian Councils Act 1909 (also Minto–Morley Reforms) Appointment of Indian Factories Commission in 1909. Establishment of Department of Education in 1910 (now Ministry of Education)
23 November 1910 – 4 April 1916
23 November 1910 – 4 April 1916
Period
23 November 1910 – 4 April 1916
Presiding Viceroy
Lord Hardinge of Penshurst
Major events, legislation, public works
Visit of King George V and Queen Mary in 1911: commemoration as Emperor and Empress of India at last Delhi Durbar King George V announces creation of new city of New Delhi to replace Calcutta as capital of India. Indian High Courts Act 1911 Indian Factories Act of 1911 Construction of New Delhi, 1912–1929 World War I, Indian Army in: Western Front, Belgium, 1914; German East Africa (Battle of Tanga, 1914); Mesopotamian campaign (Battle of Ctesiphon, 1915; Siege of Kut, 1915–16); Battle of Galliopoli, 1915–16 Passage of Defence of India Act 1915
4 April 1916 – 2 April 1921
4 April 1916 – 2 April 1921
Period
4 April 1916 – 2 April 1921
Presiding Viceroy
Lord Chelmsford
Major events, legislation, public works
Indian Army in: Mesopotamian campaign (Fall of Baghdad, 1917); Sinai and Palestine campaign (Battle of Megiddo, 1918) Passage of Rowlatt Act, 1919 Government of India Act 1919 (also Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms) Jallianwala Bagh massacre, 1919 Third Anglo-Afghan War, 1919 University of Rangoon established in 1920. Indian Passport Act of 1920: British Indian passport introduced
2 April 1921 – 3 April 1926
2 April 1921 – 3 April 1926
Period
2 April 1921 – 3 April 1926
Presiding Viceroy
Earl of Reading
Major events, legislation, public works
University of Delhi established in 1922. Indian Workers Compensation Act of 1923
3 April 1926 – 18 April 1931
3 April 1926 – 18 April 1931
Period
3 April 1926 – 18 April 1931
Presiding Viceroy
Lord Irwin
Major events, legislation, public works
Indian Trade Unions Act of 1926, Indian Forest Act, 1927 Appointment of Royal Commission of Indian Labour, 1929 Indian Constitutional Round Table Conferences, London, 1930–32, Gandhi–Irwin Pact, 1931.
18 April 1931 – 18 April 1936
18 April 1931 – 18 April 1936
Period
18 April 1931 – 18 April 1936
Presiding Viceroy
Earl of Willingdon
Major events, legislation, public works
New Delhi inaugurated as capital of India, 1931. Indian Workmen's Compensation Act of 1933 Indian Factories Act of 1934 Royal Indian Air Force created in 1932. Indian Military Academy established in 1932. Government of India Act 1935 Creation of Reserve Bank of India
18 April 1936 – 1 October 1943
18 April 1936 – 1 October 1943
Period
18 April 1936 – 1 October 1943
Presiding Viceroy
Marquess of Linlithgow
Major events, legislation, public works
Indian Payment of Wages Act of 1936 Burma administered independently after 1937 with creation of new cabinet position Secretary of State for India and Burma, and with the Burma Office separated off from the India Office Indian Provincial Elections of 1937 Cripps' mission to India, 1942. Indian Army in Mediterranean, Middle East and African theatres of World War II (North African campaign): (Operation Compass, Operation Crusader, First Battle of El Alamein, Second Battle of El Alamein. East African campaign, 1940, Anglo-Iraqi War, 1941, Syria–Lebanon campaign, 1941, Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran, 1941) Indian Army in Battle of Hong Kong, Battle of Malaya, Battle of Singapore Burma campaign of World War II begins in 1942.
1 October 1943 – 21 February 1947
1 October 1943 – 21 February 1947
Period
1 October 1943 – 21 February 1947
Presiding Viceroy
Viscount Wavell
Major events, legislation, public works
Indian Army becomes, at 2.5 million men, the largest all-volunteer force in history. World War II: Burma Campaign, 1943–45 (Battle of Kohima, Battle of Imphal) Bengal famine of 1943 Indian Army in Italian campaign (Battle of Monte Cassino) British Labour Party wins UK General Election of 1945 with Clement Attlee becoming prime minister. 1946 Cabinet Mission to India Indian Elections of 1946.
21 February 1947 – 15 August 1947
21 February 1947 – 15 August 1947
Period
21 February 1947 – 15 August 1947
Presiding Viceroy
Viscount Mountbatten of Burma
Major events, legislation, public works
Indian Independence Act 1947 of the British Parliament enacted on 18 July 1947. Radcliffe Award, August 1947 Partition of India, August 1947 India Office and position of Secretary of State for India abolished; ministerial responsibility within the United Kingdom for British relations with India and Pakistan transferred to the Commonwealth Relations Office.
Period
Presiding Viceroy
Major events, legislation, public works
1 November 1858 – 21 March 1862
Viscount Canning
1858 reorganisation of British Indian Army (contemporaneously and hereafter Indian Army) Construction begins (1860): University of Bombay, University of Madras, and University of Calcutta Indian Penal Code passed into law in 1860. Upper Doab famine of 1860–1861 Indian Councils Act 1861 Establishment of Archaeological Survey of India in 1861 James Wilson, financial member of Council of India, reorganises customs, imposes income tax, creates paper currency. Indian Police Act 1861: creation of the Imperial Police, later known as the Indian Police Service.
21 March 1862 – 20 November 1863
Earl of Elgin
Viceroy dies prematurely in Dharamsala in 1863
12 January 1864 – 12 January 1869
Sir John Lawrence, Bt
Anglo-Bhutan Duar War (1864–1865) Orissa famine of 1866 Rajputana famine of 1869 Creation of Department of Irrigation. Creation of the Imperial Forestry Service in 1867 (now the Indian Forest Service). "Nicobar Islands annexed and incorporated into India 1869"
12 January 1869 – 8 February 1872
Earl of Mayo
Creation of Department of Agriculture (now Ministry of Agriculture) Major extension of railways, roads, and canals Indian Councils Act 1870 Creation of Andaman and Nicobar Islands as a Chief Commissionership (1872). Assassination of Lord Mayo in the Andamans.
3 May 1872 – 12 April 1876
Lord Northbrook
Deaths in Bihar famine of 1873–1874 prevented by import of rice from Burma. Gaikwad of Baroda dethroned for misgovernment; dominions passed to a child prince. Indian Councils Act 1874 Visit of the Prince of Wales, the future Edward VII, in 1875–76.
12 April 1876 – 8 June 1880
Lord Lytton
Baluchistan established as a Chief Commissionership Queen Victoria (in absentia) proclaimed Empress of India at Delhi Durbar of 1877. Great Famine of 1876–1878: 5.25 million dead; reduced relief offered at expense of Rs. 80 million. Creation of Famine Commission of 1878–80 under Sir Richard Strachey. Indian Forest Act of 1878 Second Anglo-Afghan War.
8 June 1880 – 13 December 1884
Marquess of Ripon
End of Second Anglo-Afghan War. Repeal of Vernacular Press Act of 1878. Compromise on the Ilbert Bill. Local Government Acts extend self-government from towns to country. University of Punjab established in Lahore in 1882 Famine Code promulgated in 1883 by the Government of India. Creation of the Education Commission. Creation of indigenous schools, especially for Muslims. Repeal of import duties on cotton and of most tariffs. Railway extension.
13 December 1884 – 10 December 1888
Earl of Dufferin
Passage of Bengal Tenancy Bill Third Anglo-Burmese War. Joint Anglo-Russian Boundary Commission appointed for the Afghan frontier. Russian attack on Afghans at Panjdeh (1885). The Great Game in full play. Report of Public Services Commission of 1886–87, creation of the Imperial Civil Service (later the Indian Civil Service (ICS), and today the Indian Administrative Service) University of Allahabad established in 1887 Queen Victoria's Jubilee, 1887.
10 December 1888 – 11 October 1894
Marquess of Lansdowne
Strengthening of NW Frontier defence. Creation of Imperial Service Troops consisting of regiments contributed by the princely states. Gilgit Agency leased in 1899 British Parliament passes Indian Councils Act 1892, opening the Imperial Legislative Council to Indians. Revolution in princely state of Manipur and subsequent reinstatement of ruler. High point of The Great Game. Establishment of the Durand Line between British India and Afghanistan, Railways, roads, and irrigation works begun in Burma. Border between Burma and Siam finalised in 1893. Fall of the rupee, resulting from the steady depreciation of silver currency worldwide (1873–93). Indian Prisons Act of 1894
11 October 1894 – 6 January 1899
Earl of Elgin
Reorganisation of Indian Army (from Presidency System to the four Commands). Pamir agreement Russia, 1895 The Chitral Campaign (1895), the Tirah campaign (1896–97) Indian famine of 1896–1897 beginning in Bundelkhand. Bubonic plague in Bombay (1896), Bubonic plague in Calcutta (1898); riots in wake of plague prevention measures. Establishment of Provincial Legislative Councils in Burma and Punjab; the former a new Lieutenant Governorship.
6 January 1899 – 18 November 1905
Lord Curzon of Kedleston
Creation of the North-West Frontier Province under a Chief Commissioner (1901). Indian famine of 1899–1900. Return of the bubonic plague, 1 million deaths Financial Reform Act of 1899; Gold Reserve Fund created for India. Punjab Land Alienation Act Inauguration of Department (now Ministry) of Commerce and Industry. Death of Queen Victoria (1901); dedication of the Victoria Memorial Hall, Calcutta as a national gallery of Indian antiquities, art, and history. Coronation Durbar in Delhi (1903); Edward VII (in absentia) proclaimed Emperor of India. Francis Younghusband's British expedition to Tibet (1903–04) North-Western Provinces (previously Ceded and Conquered Provinces) and Oudh renamed United Provinces in 1904 Reorganisation of Indian Universities Act (1904). Systemisation of preservation and restoration of ancient monuments by Archaeological Survey of India with the Indian Ancient Monument Preservation Act. Inauguration of agricultural banking with Cooperative Credit Societies Act of 1904 Partition of Bengal; new province of East Bengal and Assam under a Lieutenant-Governor. Census of 1901 gives the total population at 294 million, including 62 million in the princely states and 232 million in British India. About 170,000 are Europeans. 15 million men and 1 million women are literate. Of those school-aged, 25% of the boys and 3% of the girls attend. There are 207 million Hindus, and 63 million Muslims, along with 9 million Buddhists (in Burma), 3 million Christians, 2 million Sikhs, 1 million Jains, and 8.4 million who practise animism.
18 November 1905 – 23 November 1910
Earl of Minto
Creation of the Railway Board Anglo-Russian Convention of 1907 Indian Councils Act 1909 (also Minto–Morley Reforms) Appointment of Indian Factories Commission in 1909. Establishment of Department of Education in 1910 (now Ministry of Education)
23 November 1910 – 4 April 1916
Lord Hardinge of Penshurst
Visit of King George V and Queen Mary in 1911: commemoration as Emperor and Empress of India at last Delhi Durbar King George V announces creation of new city of New Delhi to replace Calcutta as capital of India. Indian High Courts Act 1911 Indian Factories Act of 1911 Construction of New Delhi, 1912–1929 World War I, Indian Army in: Western Front, Belgium, 1914; German East Africa (Battle of Tanga, 1914); Mesopotamian campaign (Battle of Ctesiphon, 1915; Siege of Kut, 1915–16); Battle of Galliopoli, 1915–16 Passage of Defence of India Act 1915
4 April 1916 – 2 April 1921
Lord Chelmsford
Indian Army in: Mesopotamian campaign (Fall of Baghdad, 1917); Sinai and Palestine campaign (Battle of Megiddo, 1918) Passage of Rowlatt Act, 1919 Government of India Act 1919 (also Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms) Jallianwala Bagh massacre, 1919 Third Anglo-Afghan War, 1919 University of Rangoon established in 1920. Indian Passport Act of 1920: British Indian passport introduced
2 April 1921 – 3 April 1926
Earl of Reading
University of Delhi established in 1922. Indian Workers Compensation Act of 1923
3 April 1926 – 18 April 1931
Lord Irwin
Indian Trade Unions Act of 1926, Indian Forest Act, 1927 Appointment of Royal Commission of Indian Labour, 1929 Indian Constitutional Round Table Conferences, London, 1930–32, Gandhi–Irwin Pact, 1931.
18 April 1931 – 18 April 1936
Earl of Willingdon
New Delhi inaugurated as capital of India, 1931. Indian Workmen's Compensation Act of 1933 Indian Factories Act of 1934 Royal Indian Air Force created in 1932. Indian Military Academy established in 1932. Government of India Act 1935 Creation of Reserve Bank of India
18 April 1936 – 1 October 1943
Marquess of Linlithgow
Indian Payment of Wages Act of 1936 Burma administered independently after 1937 with creation of new cabinet position Secretary of State for India and Burma, and with the Burma Office separated off from the India Office Indian Provincial Elections of 1937 Cripps' mission to India, 1942. Indian Army in Mediterranean, Middle East and African theatres of World War II (North African campaign): (Operation Compass, Operation Crusader, First Battle of El Alamein, Second Battle of El Alamein. East African campaign, 1940, Anglo-Iraqi War, 1941, Syria–Lebanon campaign, 1941, Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran, 1941) Indian Army in Battle of Hong Kong, Battle of Malaya, Battle of Singapore Burma campaign of World War II begins in 1942.
1 October 1943 – 21 February 1947
Viscount Wavell
Indian Army becomes, at 2.5 million men, the largest all-volunteer force in history. World War II: Burma Campaign, 1943–45 (Battle of Kohima, Battle of Imphal) Bengal famine of 1943 Indian Army in Italian campaign (Battle of Monte Cassino) British Labour Party wins UK General Election of 1945 with Clement Attlee becoming prime minister. 1946 Cabinet Mission to India Indian Elections of 1946.
21 February 1947 – 15 August 1947
Viscount Mountbatten of Burma
Indian Independence Act 1947 of the British Parliament enacted on 18 July 1947. Radcliffe Award, August 1947 Partition of India, August 1947 India Office and position of Secretary of State for India abolished; ministerial responsibility within the United Kingdom for British relations with India and Pakistan transferred to the Commonwealth Relations Office.
Areas and populations (excluding the dependent Native States) c. 1907[144] · British India and the princely states › Major provinces
Chief Commissioner
Chief Commissioner
Province of British India(and present-day territories)
Assam (Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland)
Total area
130,000 km2(50,000 sq mi)
Population in 1901(millions)
6
Chief administrativeofficer
Chief Commissioner
Lieutenant-Governor
Lieutenant-Governor
Province of British India(and present-day territories)
Bengal (Bangladesh, West Bengal, Bihar, Jharkhand and Odisha)
Total area
390,000 km2(150,000 sq mi)
Population in 1901(millions)
75
Chief administrativeofficer
Lieutenant-Governor
Governor-in-Council
Governor-in-Council
Province of British India(and present-day territories)
Bombay(Sindh and parts of Maharashtra, Gujarat and Karnataka)
Total area
320,000 km2(120,000 sq mi)
Population in 1901(millions)
19
Chief administrativeofficer
Governor-in-Council
Lieutenant-Governor
Lieutenant-Governor
Province of British India(and present-day territories)
Burma (Myanmar)
Total area
440,000 km2(170,000 sq mi)
Population in 1901(millions)
9
Chief administrativeofficer
Lieutenant-Governor
Chief Commissioner
Chief Commissioner
Province of British India(and present-day territories)
Central Provinces and Berar (Madhya Pradesh and parts of Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh and Odisha)
Total area
270,000 km2(100,000 sq mi)
Population in 1901(millions)
13
Chief administrativeofficer
Chief Commissioner
Governor-in-Council
Governor-in-Council
Province of British India(and present-day territories)
Madras (Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and parts of Kerala, Karnataka, Odisha and Telangana)
Total area
370,000 km2(140,000 sq mi)
Population in 1901(millions)
38
Chief administrativeofficer
Governor-in-Council
Lieutenant-Governor
Lieutenant-Governor
Province of British India(and present-day territories)
Punjab(Punjab Province, Islamabad Capital Territory, Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Chandigarh and the National Capital Territory of Delhi)
Total area
250,000 km2(97,000 sq mi)
Population in 1901(millions)
20
Chief administrativeofficer
Lieutenant-Governor
Lieutenant-Governor
Lieutenant-Governor
Province of British India(and present-day territories)
United Provinces(Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand)
Total area
280,000 km2(110,000 sq mi)
Population in 1901(millions)
48
Chief administrativeofficer
Lieutenant-Governor
Province of British India(and present-day territories)
Total area
Population in 1901(millions)
Chief administrativeofficer
Assam (Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland)
130,000 km2(50,000 sq mi)
6
Chief Commissioner
Bengal (Bangladesh, West Bengal, Bihar, Jharkhand and Odisha)
390,000 km2(150,000 sq mi)
75
Lieutenant-Governor
Bombay(Sindh and parts of Maharashtra, Gujarat and Karnataka)
320,000 km2(120,000 sq mi)
19
Governor-in-Council
Burma (Myanmar)
440,000 km2(170,000 sq mi)
9
Lieutenant-Governor
Central Provinces and Berar (Madhya Pradesh and parts of Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh and Odisha)
270,000 km2(100,000 sq mi)
13
Chief Commissioner
Madras (Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and parts of Kerala, Karnataka, Odisha and Telangana)
370,000 km2(140,000 sq mi)
38
Governor-in-Council
Punjab(Punjab Province, Islamabad Capital Territory, Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Chandigarh and the National Capital Territory of Delhi)
250,000 km2(97,000 sq mi)
20
Lieutenant-Governor
United Provinces(Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand)
280,000 km2(110,000 sq mi)
48
Lieutenant-Governor
· British India and the princely states › Minor provinces
ex officio Chief Commissioner
ex officio Chief Commissioner
Minor province of British India(and present day territories)
Ajmer-Merwara (parts of Rajasthan)
Total area in km2(sq mi)
7,000(2,700)
Population in 1901(in thousands)
477
Chief administrativeofficer
ex officio Chief Commissioner
Chief Commissioner
Chief Commissioner
Minor province of British India(and present day territories)
Andaman and Nicobar Islands (Andaman and Nicobar Islands)
Total area in km2(sq mi)
78,000(30,000)
Population in 1901(in thousands)
25
Chief administrativeofficer
Chief Commissioner
ex officio Chief Commissioner
ex officio Chief Commissioner
Minor province of British India(and present day territories)
British Baluchistan (Balochistan)
Total area in km2(sq mi)
120,000(46,000)
Population in 1901(in thousands)
308
Chief administrativeofficer
ex officio Chief Commissioner
ex officio Chief Commissioner
ex officio Chief Commissioner
Minor province of British India(and present day territories)
Coorg Province (Kodagu district)
Total area in km2(sq mi)
4,100(1,600)
Population in 1901(in thousands)
181
Chief administrativeofficer
ex officio Chief Commissioner
Chief Commissioner
Chief Commissioner
Minor province of British India(and present day territories)
North West Frontier Province (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa)
Total area in km2(sq mi)
41,000(16,000)
Population in 1901(in thousands)
2,125
Chief administrativeofficer
Chief Commissioner
Minor province of British India(and present day territories)
Total area in km2(sq mi)
Population in 1901(in thousands)
Chief administrativeofficer
Ajmer-Merwara (parts of Rajasthan)
7,000(2,700)
477
ex officio Chief Commissioner
Andaman and Nicobar Islands (Andaman and Nicobar Islands)
78,000(30,000)
25
Chief Commissioner
British Baluchistan (Balochistan)
120,000(46,000)
308
ex officio Chief Commissioner
Coorg Province (Kodagu district)
4,100(1,600)
181
ex officio Chief Commissioner
North West Frontier Province (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa)
41,000(16,000)
2,125
Chief Commissioner

References

  1. a quasi-federation of presidencies and provinces directly governed by the British Crown through the Viceroy and Governor
  2. governed by Indian rulers, under the suzerainty of The British Crown exercised through the Viceroy of India)
  3. Simla was the summer capital of the Government of British India, not of the British Raj, i.e. the British Indian Empire,
  4. The proclamation for New Delhi to be the capital was made in 1911, but the city was inaugurated as the capital of the Ra
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