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Brigham Young

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Brigham Young

Brigham Young ( BRIG-əm; June 1, 1801 – August 29, 1877) was an American religious leader and politician. He was the second president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from 1847 until his death in 1877. He also served as the first governor of the Utah Territory from 1851 until his resignation in 1858. Young was born in 1801 in Vermont and raised in Upstate New York. After working as a painter and carpenter, he became a full-time LDS Church leader in 1835. Following a short period of service as a missionary, he moved to Missouri in 1838. Later that year, Missouri governor Lilburn Boggs signed the Mormon Extermination Order, and Young organized the migration of the Latter Day Saints from Missouri to Illinois, where he became an inaugural member of the Council of Fifty. In 1844, while he was traveling to gain support for Joseph Smith's presidential campaign, Smith was killed by a mob, igniting the Illinois Mormon War and triggering a succession crisis in the Latter Day Saint movement. After negotiating a ceasefire, Young was unanimously elected as the church's second president in 1847. During the Mormon exodus, Young led his followers west from Nauvoo, Illinois, via the Mormon Trail to the Salt Lake Valley. Once settled in Utah, he ordered the construction of numerous temples, including the Salt Lake Temple. He also formalized the prohibition of black men attaining priesthood and directed the Mormon Reformation. A supporter of education, Young worked to establish the learning institutions that would later become the University of Utah and Brigham Young University. After arriving in Utah, Young founded Salt Lake City and established the State of Deseret before being appointed Utah's first territorial governor by President Millard Fillmore in 1850. As governor, Young allowed polygamy, supported slavery and its expansion into Utah, and led the efforts to legalize and regulate slavery in the 1852 Act in Relation to Service, based on his beliefs on slavery. He exerted considerable power over the territory through his theocratic political system, theodemocracy. After President James Buchanan appointed a new governor of the territory, Young declared martial law and re-activated the Nauvoo Legion, beginning the Utah War. During the conflict, the Utah Territorial Militia committed a series of attacks that resulted in the mass murder of at least 120 members of the Baker–Fancher immigrant wagon train, known as the Mountain Meadows Massacre. The following month, the Aiken massacre was perpetrated on Young's orders. In 1858, the war ended when Young surrendered; agreeing to resign as governor and allow federal troops to enter the Utah Territory in exchange for a pardon granted to Mormon settlers from President Buchanan. A polygamist, Young had 56 wives and 57 children. His teachings are contained in the 19 volumes of transcribed and edited sermons in the Journal of Discourses. His legacy and impact are seen throughout the American West, including numerous memorials, temples, and schools named in his honor. In 2016, Young was estimated to have around 30,000 descendants.

Infobox

Predecessor
Position established
Successor
Alfred Cumming
End reason
Became President of the Church
Called by
Three Witnesses
Reason
Initial organization of Quorum of the Twelve
Reorganizationat end of term
No apostles immediately ordained[a]
Born
(1801-06-01)June 1, 1801Whitingham, Vermont, U.S.
Died
August 29, 1877(1877-08-29) (aged 76)Salt Lake City, Utah Territory, U.S.
Cause of death
Ruptured appendix
Resting place
Brigham Young Cemetery 40°46′13″N 111°53′08″W / 40.7703°N 111.8856°W / 40.7703; -111.8856 (Brigham Young Cemetery)
Spouse(s)
56 (See List of Brigham Young's wives)[b]
Children
57

Tables

· External links
Preceded byNone
Preceded byNone
Political offices
Preceded byNone
Political offices
Governor of Utah Territory 1850–1858
Political offices
Succeeded byAlfred Cumming
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints titles
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints titles
Political offices
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints titles
Preceded byJoseph Smith
Preceded byJoseph Smith
Political offices
Preceded byJoseph Smith
Political offices
President of the Church December 27, 1847 – August 29, 1877
Political offices
Succeeded byJohn Taylor
Preceded byThomas B. Marsh
Preceded byThomas B. Marsh
Political offices
Preceded byThomas B. Marsh
Political offices
President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles March 17, 1839 – December 27, 1847
Political offices
Succeeded byOrson Hyde
Preceded byDavid W. Patten
Preceded byDavid W. Patten
Political offices
Preceded byDavid W. Patten
Political offices
Quorum of the Twelve Apostles February 14, 1835 – December 27, 1847
Political offices
Succeeded byHeber C. Kimball
Political offices
Preceded byNone
Governor of Utah Territory 1850–1858
Succeeded byAlfred Cumming
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints titles
Preceded byJoseph Smith
President of the Church December 27, 1847 – August 29, 1877
Succeeded byJohn Taylor
Preceded byThomas B. Marsh
President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles March 17, 1839 – December 27, 1847
Succeeded byOrson Hyde
Preceded byDavid W. Patten
Quorum of the Twelve Apostles February 14, 1835 – December 27, 1847
Succeeded byHeber C. Kimball

References

  1. A year after Young's death, Orson Hyde died and Moses Thatcher was ordained an apostle. The First Presidency was not reo
  2. Estimates vary, and researchers state that not all of the fifty-six marriages were sexual relationships. Young did not l
  3. Sources list February 18 as the marriage date, while another lists it as February 10.
  4. Historians have come to different conclusions on whether contemporary records support this "transfiguration of Brigham Y
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  200. Never a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles.
  201. Term ended by excommunication.
  202. Term ended by resignation.
  203. Term ended by removal of apostleship; was later excommunicated.
  204. Term ended by suspension of priesthood.
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