| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2005–2009 | Horizon | Himself/presenter | Episodes: Einstein's Equation of Life and Death (2005) Einstein's Unfinished Symphony (2005) The Six Billion Dollar Experiment (2007) What on Earth is Wrong with Gravity? (2008) Do You Know What Time It Is? (2008) Can we Make a Star on Earth? (2009) |
| 2008 | The Big Bang Machine | Presenter | |
| 2010 | Wonders of the Solar System | |
| Dani's House | Himself | |
| Would I Lie to You? | Panellist | |
| 2011 | Wonders of the Universe | Presenter | |
| A Night with the Stars | |
| The One Show | Guest | |
| The Sky at Night | 700th episode |
| The Graham Norton Show | Series 8, Episode 16 |
| The Horizon Guide: Moon | Presenter | |
| 2011–2012 | QI | Panellist | Episodes: Series I, Episode 7 "Incomprehensible" (broadcast 21 October 2011) Series J, Episode 12 "Justice" (broadcast 7 December 2012) |
| 2011–2017, 2019 | Stargazing Live | Co-presenter | All 6 episodes |
| 2012 | The Jonathan Ross Show | Guest | |
| Doctor Who | Himself (cameo) | "The Power of Three" |
| 2013 | Wonders of Life | Presenter | |
| Science Britannica | September 2013, BBC Two |
| Conan | Guest | Episode 437 |
| The Science of Doctor Who | Presenter | BBC Two |
| In Search of Science | Episodes: Method and Madness Frankenstein's Monster Money |
| 2014 | CBeebies Bedtime Stories | Himself | Episode: "The Way Back Home" |
| Monty Python Live | |
| Human Universe | Presenter | BBC Two |
| Space, Time & Videotape | BBC Four |
| 2015 | Absolutely Anything | Himself (cameo) | |
| 2016 | Forces of Nature | Presenter | BBC One |
| The Entire Universe | BBC Two |
| Charlie Brooker's Weekly Wipe | Himself | 2016 Wipe (BBC Two) |
| 2017 | Life of a Universe | Presenter | ABC |
| John Bishop: In Conversation With... | Himself (Series 3 Episode 10) | W |
| Postman Pat | Professor Ryan Farrow (voice) | Episode: "Postman Pat and the Space Suit" (CBeebies) |
| The 21st Century Race for Space | Presenter | BBC Two |
| 2019 | The Planets |
| 2021 | Brian Cox's Adventures in Space and Time |
| Universe |
| 2022 | Mandy | Himself | Series 2, Episode 6 "The Curse of Mandy Carter" (BBC Two) |
| Brian Cox: Seven Days on Mars | Presenter | BBC Two |
| 2023 | A Symphonic Odyssey with Professor Brian Cox | Released by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation on 2 January 2024. |
| 2024 | Ant & Dec's Saturday Night Takeaway | Himself | Series 20 Episode 7 |
| Solar System | Presenter | BBC Two series |
| Cunk on Life | Himself | BBC and Netflix production |