| Year | Award | Category | Work | Result | Ref. |
| 2008 | Young Hollywood Awards | One to Watch - Male | Funny Games | Won |
| 2009 | Sundance Film Festival | Short Filmmaking Award - Honorable Mention | Protect You + Me | Won | |
| 2011 | Gotham Awards | Best Ensemble Performance | Martha Marcy May Marlene | Nominated | |
| 2012 | RiverRun International Film Festival | Special Jury Prize - Spark Award(shared with David Oyelowo and Amy Seimetz) | Won | |
| 2015 | Venice International Film Festival | Luigi De Laurentiis Award for a Debut Film | The Childhood of a Leader | Won | |
| Orizzonti Award for Best Director | Won | |
| 2018 | Golden Lion | Vox Lux | Nominated | |
| 2024 | The Brutalist | Nominated | |
| Silver Lion | Won | |
| 2024 | Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association | Best Director | Won | |
| Best Original Screenplay | Nominated |
| 2024 | The Astra Awards | Best Director | Nominated | |
| Best Original Screenplay | Nominated |
| 2024 | Atlanta Film Critics Circle | Best Director | Won | |
| Michigan Movie Critics Guild | Won | |
| Best Screenplay (Adapted or Original) | Nominated |
| 2024 | San Diego Film Critics Society | Best Director | Nominated | |
| 2024 | Chicago Film Critics Association | Best Director | Nominated | |
| Best Original Screenplay | Nominated |
| 2024 | Phoenix Critics Circle | Best Director | Won | |
| Best Screenplay | Nominated |
| Las Vegas Film Critics Society | Best Director | Nominated | |
| Best Screenplay Original | Won |
| Boston Online Film Critics Association | Best Director | Won | |
| 2024 | St. Louis Film Critics Association | Best Director | Nominated | |
| Best Original Screenplay | Nominated |
| 2024 | San Francisco Bay Area Film Critics Circle | Best Director | Won | |
| Best Original Screenplay | Nominated |
| 2024 | Indiana Film Journalists Association | Best Director | Runner-up | |
| Best Original Screenplay | Won |
| New York Film Critics Online | Director | Runner-up | |
| Screenplay | Won |
| 2024 | Seattle Film Critics Society | Best Director | Nominated | |
| Best Screenplay | Nominated |
| 2024 | Southeastern Film Critics Association | Best Director | Won | |
| Best Original Screenplay | Runner-up |
| 2024 | Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association | Best Director | Nominated | |
| Best Screenplay | Won |
| 2024 | Black Film Critics Circle | Original Screenplay | Won | |
| Nevada Film Critics Society | Best Director | Won | |
| Best Original Screenplay | Won |
| Online Association of Female Film Critics | Best Director | Nominated | |
| North Texas Film Critics Association | Nominated | |
| Best Screenplay | Nominated |
| 2025 | Columbus Film Critics Association | Best Director | Nominated | |
| Best Original Screenplay | Nominated |
| North Carolina Film Critics Association | Best Director | Nominated | |
| Best Original Screenplay | Won |
| Oklahoma Film Critics Circle | Best Director | Runner-up | |