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Born in the U.S.A.

Updated: 12/11/2025, 8:20:55 AM Wikipedia source

Born in the U.S.A. is the seventh studio album by the American singer-songwriter Bruce Springsteen, released on June 4, 1984, through Columbia Records. It was produced by Springsteen, Jon Landau, Steven Van Zandt, and Chuck Plotkin, and recorded in New York City with the E Street Band over two years between January 1982 and March 1984. Some of the songs originated from the demo tape from Springsteen's previous album Nebraska (1982). The recording sessions yielded between 70 and 90 songs; some were released as B-sides, others saw release on compilation albums, while a number remain unreleased. Born in the U.S.A.'s sound is more pop-influenced than Springsteen's earlier albums. Its production is typical of mainstream 1980s rock music, with heavy use of synthesizers and a prominent snare drum. The lyrics contrast with the album's lively sound and continue the themes explored on previous records, particularly Nebraska. Topics include working-class struggles, disillusionment, patriotism, and personal relationships, although some tracks contain humorous lyrics. The cover photograph of Springsteen from behind against a backdrop of the American flag has appeared on lists of the best album covers. The album was launched with an extensive promotional campaign that included seven singles, five music videos, and three dance remixes. It was a worldwide commercial success and became the best-selling album of 1985, topping the charts in nine countries, including the U.S. and the U.K. All of the singles, including "Dancing in the Dark", "Born in the U.S.A.", "I'm on Fire", and "Glory Days", reached the U.S. top ten. The album has sold over 30 million copies worldwide, making it Springsteen's best-selling album and one of the best-selling albums of all time. On its release, critics praised the album's storytelling and musical performances. Springsteen and the E Street Band supported the album on the worldwide Born in the U.S.A. Tour (1984–1985). Born in the U.S.A. transformed Springsteen into a worldwide superstar. The album helped to popularize American heartland rock and influenced later artists who wanted to mimic its power and impact. In later decades, publications such as Rolling Stone and NME ranked it as one of Springsteen's best albums and of all time. Born in the U.S.A. was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 2012. However, Springsteen later expressed reservations about the album and the fame it brought him, and the lessons from its success have since influenced his career path and musical choices.

Infobox

Released
June 4, 1984 (1984-06-04)
Recorded
January 1982 – March 1984
Studio
Power Station and Hit Factory (New York City)
Genre
Rock and roll heartland rock pop
Length
46:41
Label
Columbia
Producer
Bruce Springsteen Jon Landau Chuck Plotkin Steven Van Zandt

Tables

Professional ratings · Critical reception
Review scores
Review scores
Initial reviews
Review scores
Source
Source
Initial reviews
Source
Initial reviews
Rating
Christgau's Record Guide
Christgau's Record Guide
Initial reviews
Christgau's Record Guide
Initial reviews
A
Los Angeles Times
Los Angeles Times
Initial reviews
Los Angeles Times
Initial reviews
Record Mirror
Record Mirror
Initial reviews
Record Mirror
Initial reviews
Rolling Stone
Rolling Stone
Initial reviews
Rolling Stone
Initial reviews
Saturday Review
Saturday Review
Initial reviews
Saturday Review
Initial reviews
Smash Hits
Smash Hits
Initial reviews
Smash Hits
Initial reviews
8/10
Sounds
Sounds
Initial reviews
Sounds
Initial reviews
Initial reviews
Review scores
Source
Rating
Christgau's Record Guide
A
Los Angeles Times
Record Mirror
Rolling Stone
Saturday Review
Smash Hits
8/10
Sounds
Professional ratings · Legacy › Retrospective reviews
Review scores
Review scores
Retrospective reviews
Review scores
Source
Source
Retrospective reviews
Source
Retrospective reviews
Rating
AllMusic
AllMusic
Retrospective reviews
AllMusic
Retrospective reviews
Chicago Tribune
Chicago Tribune
Retrospective reviews
Chicago Tribune
Retrospective reviews
The Encyclopedia of Popular Music
The Encyclopedia of Popular Music
Retrospective reviews
The Encyclopedia of Popular Music
Retrospective reviews
The Gazette
The Gazette
Retrospective reviews
The Gazette
Retrospective reviews
MusicHound Rock
MusicHound Rock
Retrospective reviews
MusicHound Rock
Retrospective reviews
4/5
Pitchfork
Pitchfork
Retrospective reviews
Pitchfork
Retrospective reviews
10/10
Q
Q
Retrospective reviews
Q
Retrospective reviews
The Rolling Stone Album Guide
The Rolling Stone Album Guide
Retrospective reviews
The Rolling Stone Album Guide
Retrospective reviews
Retrospective reviews
Review scores
Source
Rating
AllMusic
Chicago Tribune
The Encyclopedia of Popular Music
The Gazette
MusicHound Rock
4/5
Pitchfork
10/10
Q
The Rolling Stone Album Guide
1984–85 weekly chart performance for Born in the U.S.A. · Charts › Weekly charts
Australian Albums (Kent Music Report)
Australian Albums (Kent Music Report)
Chart (1984–85)
Australian Albums (Kent Music Report)
Peakposition
1
Austrian Albums (Ö3 Austria)
Austrian Albums (Ö3 Austria)
Chart (1984–85)
Austrian Albums (Ö3 Austria)
Peakposition
1
Canada Top Albums/CDs (RPM)
Canada Top Albums/CDs (RPM)
Chart (1984–85)
Canada Top Albums/CDs (RPM)
Peakposition
1
Dutch Albums (Album Top 100)
Dutch Albums (Album Top 100)
Chart (1984–85)
Dutch Albums (Album Top 100)
Peakposition
1
European Albums (European Top 100 Albums)
European Albums (European Top 100 Albums)
Chart (1984–85)
European Albums (European Top 100 Albums)
Peakposition
2
French Albums (SNEP)
French Albums (SNEP)
Chart (1984–85)
French Albums (SNEP)
Peakposition
2
German Albums (Offizielle Top 100)
German Albums (Offizielle Top 100)
Chart (1984–85)
German Albums (Offizielle Top 100)
Peakposition
1
Italian Albums (Musica e Dischi)
Italian Albums (Musica e Dischi)
Chart (1984–85)
Italian Albums (Musica e Dischi)
Peakposition
2
Japanese Albums (Oricon)
Japanese Albums (Oricon)
Chart (1984–85)
Japanese Albums (Oricon)
Peakposition
6
New Zealand Albums (RMNZ)
New Zealand Albums (RMNZ)
Chart (1984–85)
New Zealand Albums (RMNZ)
Peakposition
1
Norwegian Albums (VG-lista)
Norwegian Albums (VG-lista)
Chart (1984–85)
Norwegian Albums (VG-lista)
Peakposition
1
Spanish Albums (PROMUSICAE)
Spanish Albums (PROMUSICAE)
Chart (1984–85)
Spanish Albums (PROMUSICAE)
Peakposition
2
Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan)
Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan)
Chart (1984–85)
Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan)
Peakposition
1
Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade)
Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade)
Chart (1984–85)
Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade)
Peakposition
1
UK Albums (OCC)
UK Albums (OCC)
Chart (1984–85)
UK Albums (OCC)
Peakposition
1
US Billboard 200
US Billboard 200
Chart (1984–85)
US Billboard 200
Peakposition
1
Zimbabwean Albums (ZIMA)
Zimbabwean Albums (ZIMA)
Chart (1984–85)
Zimbabwean Albums (ZIMA)
Peakposition
1
Chart (1984–85)
Peakposition
Australian Albums (Kent Music Report)
1
Austrian Albums (Ö3 Austria)
1
Canada Top Albums/CDs (RPM)
1
Dutch Albums (Album Top 100)
1
European Albums (European Top 100 Albums)
2
French Albums (SNEP)
2
German Albums (Offizielle Top 100)
1
Italian Albums (Musica e Dischi)
2
Japanese Albums (Oricon)
6
New Zealand Albums (RMNZ)
1
Norwegian Albums (VG-lista)
1
Spanish Albums (PROMUSICAE)
2
Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan)
1
Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade)
1
UK Albums (OCC)
1
US Billboard 200
1
Zimbabwean Albums (ZIMA)
1
2003 weekly chart performance for Born in the U.S.A. · Charts › Weekly charts
Belgian Albums (Ultratop Wallonia)
Belgian Albums (Ultratop Wallonia)
Chart (2003)
Belgian Albums (Ultratop Wallonia)
Peakposition
37
Italian Albums (FIMI)
Italian Albums (FIMI)
Chart (2003)
Italian Albums (FIMI)
Peakposition
36
Chart (2003)
Peakposition
Belgian Albums (Ultratop Wallonia)
37
Italian Albums (FIMI)
36
2006 weekly chart performance for Born in the U.S.A. · Charts › Weekly charts
Spanish Albums (PROMUSICAE)
Spanish Albums (PROMUSICAE)
Chart (2006)
Spanish Albums (PROMUSICAE)
Peakposition
98
Chart (2006)
Peakposition
Spanish Albums (PROMUSICAE)
98
2017 weekly chart performance for Born in the U.S.A. · Charts › Weekly charts
Australian Albums (ARIA)
Australian Albums (ARIA)
Chart (2017)
Australian Albums (ARIA)
Peakposition
31
Chart (2017)
Peakposition
Australian Albums (ARIA)
31
2019 weekly chart performance for Born in the U.S.A. · Charts › Weekly charts
Greek Albums (IFPI)
Greek Albums (IFPI)
Chart (2019)
Greek Albums (IFPI)
Peakposition
4
Chart (2019)
Peakposition
Greek Albums (IFPI)
4
2023 weekly chart performance for Born in the U.S.A. · Charts › Weekly charts
Portuguese Albums (AFP)
Portuguese Albums (AFP)
Chart (2023)
Portuguese Albums (AFP)
Peakposition
22
Chart (2023)
Peakposition
Portuguese Albums (AFP)
22
2024 weekly chart performance for Born in the U.S.A. · Charts › Weekly charts
Croatian International Albums (HDU)
Croatian International Albums (HDU)
Chart (2024)
Croatian International Albums (HDU)
Peakposition
12
Chart (2024)
Peakposition
Croatian International Albums (HDU)
12
2025 weekly chart performance for Born in the U.S.A. · Charts › Weekly charts
Norwegian Rock Albums (IFPI Norge)
Norwegian Rock Albums (IFPI Norge)
Chart (2025)
Norwegian Rock Albums (IFPI Norge)
Peakposition
5
Chart (2025)
Peakposition
Norwegian Rock Albums (IFPI Norge)
5
Year-end chart performance for Born in the U.S.A. · Charts › Year-end charts
Australian Albums Chart
Australian Albums Chart
Chart (1984)
Australian Albums Chart
Position
7
Canadian Albums Chart
Canadian Albums Chart
Chart (1984)
Canadian Albums Chart
Position
1
Dutch Albums Chart
Dutch Albums Chart
Chart (1984)
Dutch Albums Chart
Position
61
German Albums (Offizielle Top 100)
German Albums (Offizielle Top 100)
Chart (1984)
German Albums (Offizielle Top 100)
Position
39
Japanese Albums Chart (Oricon)
Japanese Albums Chart (Oricon)
Chart (1984)
Japanese Albums Chart (Oricon)
Position
53
New Zealand Albums (RMNZ)
New Zealand Albums (RMNZ)
Chart (1984)
New Zealand Albums (RMNZ)
Position
2
UK Albums Chart
UK Albums Chart
Chart (1984)
UK Albums Chart
Position
37
US Billboard Top 200 Albums
US Billboard Top 200 Albums
Chart (1984)
US Billboard Top 200 Albums
Position
28
Chart (1984)
Position
Australian Albums Chart
7
Canadian Albums Chart
1
Dutch Albums Chart
61
German Albums (Offizielle Top 100)
39
Japanese Albums Chart (Oricon)
53
New Zealand Albums (RMNZ)
2
UK Albums Chart
37
US Billboard Top 200 Albums
28
· Charts › Year-end charts
Australian Albums Chart
Australian Albums Chart
Chart (1985)
Australian Albums Chart
Position
2
Austrian Albums Chart
Austrian Albums Chart
Chart (1985)
Austrian Albums Chart
Position
3
Canadian Albums Chart
Canadian Albums Chart
Chart (1985)
Canadian Albums Chart
Position
7
Danish Albums Chart
Danish Albums Chart
Chart (1985)
Danish Albums Chart
Position
5
Dutch Albums Chart
Dutch Albums Chart
Chart (1985)
Dutch Albums Chart
Position
1
French Albums Chart
French Albums Chart
Chart (1985)
French Albums Chart
Position
19
German Albums (Offizielle Top 100)
German Albums (Offizielle Top 100)
Chart (1985)
German Albums (Offizielle Top 100)
Position
1
New Zealand Albums (RMNZ)
New Zealand Albums (RMNZ)
Chart (1985)
New Zealand Albums (RMNZ)
Position
1
Swiss Albums Chart
Swiss Albums Chart
Chart (1985)
Swiss Albums Chart
Position
4
UK Albums Chart
UK Albums Chart
Chart (1985)
UK Albums Chart
Position
4
US Billboard Top Pop Albums
US Billboard Top Pop Albums
Chart (1985)
US Billboard Top Pop Albums
Position
1
Chart (1985)
Position
Australian Albums Chart
2
Austrian Albums Chart
3
Canadian Albums Chart
7
Danish Albums Chart
5
Dutch Albums Chart
1
French Albums Chart
19
German Albums (Offizielle Top 100)
1
New Zealand Albums (RMNZ)
1
Swiss Albums Chart
4
UK Albums Chart
4
US Billboard Top Pop Albums
1
· Charts › Year-end charts
Canadian Albums Chart
Canadian Albums Chart
Chart (1986)
Canadian Albums Chart
Position
67
Spanish Albums Chart
Spanish Albums Chart
Chart (1986)
Spanish Albums Chart
Position
11
US Billboard 200
US Billboard 200
Chart (1986)
US Billboard 200
Position
16
Chart (1986)
Position
Canadian Albums Chart
67
Spanish Albums Chart
11
US Billboard 200
16
· Charts › Year-end charts
Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan)
Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan)
Chart (2015)
Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan)
Position
94
Chart (2015)
Position
Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan)
94
· Charts › Year-end charts
Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan)
Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan)
Chart (2016)
Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan)
Position
75
Chart (2016)
Position
Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan)
75
· Charts › Year-end charts
Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan)
Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan)
Chart (2017)
Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan)
Position
96
Chart (2017)
Position
Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan)
96
· Charts › Year-end charts
Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan)
Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan)
Chart (2018)
Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan)
Position
98
Chart (2018)
Position
Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan)
98
· Charts › Year-end charts
Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan)
Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan)
Chart (2019)
Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan)
Position
82
Chart (2019)
Position
Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan)
82
· Charts › Year-end charts
Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan)
Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan)
Chart (2020)
Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan)
Position
63
Chart (2020)
Position
Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan)
63
· Charts › Year-end charts
Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders)
Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders)
Chart (2021)
Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders)
Position
157
Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan)
Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan)
Chart (2021)
Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan)
Position
68
Chart (2021)
Position
Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders)
157
Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan)
68
· Charts › Year-end charts
Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders)
Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders)
Chart (2022)
Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders)
Position
156
Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan)
Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan)
Chart (2022)
Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan)
Position
92
Chart (2022)
Position
Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders)
156
Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan)
92
· Charts › Year-end charts
Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders)
Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders)
Chart (2023)
Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders)
Position
142
Dutch Albums (Album Top 100)
Dutch Albums (Album Top 100)
Chart (2023)
Dutch Albums (Album Top 100)
Position
72
Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan)
Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan)
Chart (2023)
Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan)
Position
54
Chart (2023)
Position
Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders)
142
Dutch Albums (Album Top 100)
72
Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan)
54
· Charts › Year-end charts
Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders)
Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders)
Chart (2024)
Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders)
Position
108
Dutch Albums (Album Top 100)
Dutch Albums (Album Top 100)
Chart (2024)
Dutch Albums (Album Top 100)
Position
36
Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan)
Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan)
Chart (2024)
Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan)
Position
26
Chart (2024)
Position
Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders)
108
Dutch Albums (Album Top 100)
36
Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan)
26
Sales certifications for Born in the U.S.A. · Certifications and sales
Australia (ARIA)
Australia (ARIA)
Region
Australia (ARIA)
Certification
14× Platinum
Certified units/sales
980,000‡
Belgium (BRMA)
Belgium (BRMA)
Region
Belgium (BRMA)
Certification
Platinum
Certified units/sales
75,000
Brazil
Brazil
Region
Brazil
Certification
—
Certified units/sales
100,000
Canada (Music Canada)
Canada (Music Canada)
Region
Canada (Music Canada)
Certification
Diamond
Certified units/sales
1,000,000^
Denmark (IFPI Danmark)
Denmark (IFPI Danmark)
Region
Denmark (IFPI Danmark)
Certification
4× Platinum
Certified units/sales
80,000‡
Finland (Musiikkituottajat)
Finland (Musiikkituottajat)
Region
Finland (Musiikkituottajat)
Certification
2× Platinum
Certified units/sales
108,913
France (SNEP)
France (SNEP)
Region
France (SNEP)
Certification
Platinum
Certified units/sales
300,000*
Germany (BVMI)
Germany (BVMI)
Region
Germany (BVMI)
Certification
2× Platinum
Certified units/sales
1,000,000^
Italy (FIMI) sales since 2009
Italy (FIMI) sales since 2009
Region
Italy (FIMI) sales since 2009
Certification
2× Platinum
Certified units/sales
100,000‡
Italy
Italy
Region
Italy
Certification
—
Certified units/sales
1,000,000
Japan (Oricon Charts)
Japan (Oricon Charts)
Region
Japan (Oricon Charts)
Certification
—
Certified units/sales
212,700
Mexico (AMPROFON)
Mexico (AMPROFON)
Region
Mexico (AMPROFON)
Certification
Platinum
Certified units/sales
250,000‡
New Zealand (RMNZ)
New Zealand (RMNZ)
Region
New Zealand (RMNZ)
Certification
17× Platinum
Certified units/sales
255,000‡
Portugal (AFP)
Portugal (AFP)
Region
Portugal (AFP)
Certification
Gold
Certified units/sales
20,000^
South Africa
South Africa
Region
South Africa
Certification
—
Certified units/sales
100,000
Spain (PROMUSICAE)
Spain (PROMUSICAE)
Region
Spain (PROMUSICAE)
Certification
Gold
Certified units/sales
50,000^
Switzerland (IFPI Switzerland)
Switzerland (IFPI Switzerland)
Region
Switzerland (IFPI Switzerland)
Certification
3× Platinum
Certified units/sales
150,000^
United Kingdom (BPI)
United Kingdom (BPI)
Region
United Kingdom (BPI)
Certification
3× Platinum
Certified units/sales
1,120,000
United States (RIAA)
United States (RIAA)
Region
United States (RIAA)
Certification
17× Platinum
Certified units/sales
17,000,000‡
Summaries
Summaries
Region
Summaries
Worldwide
Worldwide
Region
Worldwide
Certification
—
Certified units/sales
30,000,000
Sales figures based on certification alone.^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.‡ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.
Sales figures based on certification alone.^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.‡ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.
Region
Sales figures based on certification alone.^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.‡ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.
Region
Certification
Certified units/sales
Australia (ARIA)
14× Platinum
980,000‡
Belgium (BRMA)
Platinum
75,000
Brazil
—
100,000
Canada (Music Canada)
Diamond
1,000,000^
Denmark (IFPI Danmark)
4× Platinum
80,000‡
Finland (Musiikkituottajat)
2× Platinum
108,913
France (SNEP)
Platinum
300,000*
Germany (BVMI)
2× Platinum
1,000,000^
Italy (FIMI) sales since 2009
2× Platinum
100,000‡
Italy
—
1,000,000
Japan (Oricon Charts)
—
212,700
Mexico (AMPROFON)
Platinum
250,000‡
New Zealand (RMNZ)
17× Platinum
255,000‡
Portugal (AFP)
Gold
20,000^
South Africa
—
100,000
Spain (PROMUSICAE)
Gold
50,000^
Switzerland (IFPI Switzerland)
3× Platinum
150,000^
United Kingdom (BPI)
3× Platinum
1,120,000
United States (RIAA)
17× Platinum
17,000,000‡
Summaries
Worldwide
—
30,000,000
Sales figures based on certification alone.^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.‡ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.

References

  1. Originally written during the sessions for Darkness on the Edge of Town in 1978.
  2. Other songs included "Baby I'm So Cold", "Jesse James and Robert Ford", "Fade to Black", "True Love is Hard to Come By",
  3. According to Margotin and Guesdon, the January recording was the take used for the final album, while Clinton Heylin sta
  4. The tentative tracklist for the E Street album, dated June 1982, was as follows:Side one: "Born in the U.S.A.", "Murder
  5. Attributed to multiple references:
  6. This tracklist, dated July 1983, was as follows:Side one: "Born in the U.S.A.", "Cynthia", "None But the Brave", "Drop o
  7. A re-recording of "This Hard Land" also appeared on Greatest Hits.
  8. See specific sources for attribution: Rock and roll; heartland rock; pop; elements of folk and rockabilly.
  9. Attributed to multiple references:
  10. Rock and roll; ballad; rhythm and near-dance groove.
  11. Upbeat; synth-pop; Dance-rock.
  12. Attributed to multiple references:
  13. Tied with Michael Jackson's Thriller and Janet Jackson's Rhythm Nation 1814 (1989).
  14. The video featured a recreation of the Born in the U.S.A. cover photo.
  15. Later ranked A+
  16. Human Touch and Lucky Town both sold well initially, peaking at number two and three, respectively, on the Billboard 200
  17. Attributed to multiple references:
  18. Gaar 2016, p. 80.
  19. Margotin & Guesdon 2020, p. 222.
  20. Himes 2005, p. 11.
  21. Himes 2005, pp. 12–13.
  22. Hyden 2024, pp. 40–42.
  23. Himes 2005, pp. 14–16.
  24. Himes 2005, pp. 17–18.
  25. Springsteen 2003, p. 163.
  26. Gaar 2016, pp. 83–84.
  27. Himes 2005, pp. 18–20.
  28. Hyden 2024, p. 44.
  29. Himes 2005, pp. 26–27.
  30. Margotin & Guesdon 2020, pp. 194–195.
  31. Zanes 2023, p. 145.
  32. Heylin 2013, p. 252.
  33. Marsh 1987, p. 106.
  34. Margotin & Guesdon 2020, pp. 234–235.
  35. Himes 2005, p. 47.
  36. Zanes 2023, pp. 162–163.
  37. Marsh 1987, pp. 107–108.
  38. Himes 2005, p. 76.
  39. Zanes 2023, p. 168.
  40. Gaar 2016, pp. 74–80.
  41. Himes 2005, p. 31.
  42. Margotin & Guesdon 2020, p. 227.
  43. Marsh 1987, pp. 113–115.
  44. Dolan 2012, p. 196.
  45. Marsh 1987, p. 119.
  46. Zanes 2023, p. 171.
  47. Kirkpatrick 2007, p. 96.
  48. Margotin & Guesdon 2020, p. 236.
  49. Heylin 2013, pp. 245, 249.
  50. Himes 2005, p. 49.
  51. Heylin 2012, p. 480.
  52. Heylin 2012, pp. 327, 480.
  53. Heylin 2013, p. 254.
  54. Marsh 1987, pp. 115–118.
  55. Zanes 2023, pp. 176–179.
  56. Himes 2005, pp. 83–84.
  57. Heylin 2013, p. 257.
  58. Hyden 2024, p. 92.
  59. Gaar 2016, p. 82.
  60. Zanes 2023, p. 227.
  61. Himes 2005, p. 27.
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  322. everyhit.com
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  323. Billboard
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  324. RPM
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  326. "Årslista Album, 2015"
    https://www.sverigetopplistan.se/chart/83?dspy=2015&dspp=1
  327. "Årslista Album, 2016"
    https://www.sverigetopplistan.se/chart/83?dspy=2016&dspp=1
  328. "Årslista Album, 2017"
    https://www.sverigetopplistan.se/chart/83?dspy=2017&dspp=1
  329. "Årslista Album, 2018"
    https://www.sverigetopplistan.se/chart/83?dspy=2018&dspp=1
  330. "Årslista Album, 2019"
    https://www.sverigetopplistan.se/chart/83?dspy=2019&dspp=1
  331. "Årslista Album, 2020"
    https://www.sverigetopplistan.se/chart/83?dspy=2020&dspp=1
  332. "Jaaroverzichten 2021"
    http://www.ultratop.be/nl/annual.asp?year=2021&cat=a
  333. "Årslista Album, 2021"
    https://www.sverigetopplistan.se/chart/83?dspy=2021&dspp=1
  334. "Jaaroverzichten 2022"
    https://www.ultratop.be/nl/annual.asp?year=2022&cat=a
  335. "Årslista Album, 2022"
    https://www.sverigetopplistan.se/chart/83?dspy=2022&dspp=1
  336. "Jaaroverzichten 2023"
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  337. dutchcharts.nl
    https://dutchcharts.nl/jaaroverzichten.asp?year=2023&cat=a
  338. "Årslista Album, 2023"
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  339. "Jaaroverzichten 2024"
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  340. dutchcharts.nl
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  341. "Årslista Album, 2024"
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  342. "ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2021 Albums"
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  344. Jornal do Brasil
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  348. "French album certifications – Bruce Springsteen – Born in the USA"
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  349. "Gold-/Platin-Datenbank (Bruce Springsteen; 'Born in the USA')"
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  351. GQ
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  354. "Portuguese album certifications – Bruce Springsteen – Born in the U.S.A."
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  355. Billboard
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  357. "The Official Swiss Charts and Music Community: Awards ('Born in the U.S.A.')"
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  358. "British album certifications – Bruce Springsteen – Born in the USA"
    https://www.bpi.co.uk/award/1013-1989-1
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