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Book of Mormon

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Book of Mormon

The Book of Mormon is a religious text of the Latter Day Saint movement, first published in 1830 by Joseph Smith as The Book of Mormon: An Account Written by the Hand of Mormon upon Plates Taken from the Plates of Nephi. The book is one of the earliest and most well-known unique writings of the Latter Day Saint movement. The denominations of the Latter Day Saint movement typically regard the text primarily as scripture (sometimes as one of four standard works) and secondarily as a record of God's dealings with ancient inhabitants of the Americas. Most Latter Day Saints view the book as a record of actual history, though perspectives vary by denomination: some emphasize its spiritual inspiration rather than literal history, while others—particularly the LDS Church—regard it as both literal history and the central "keystone" of their faith. Independent archaeological, historical, and scientific communities have discovered little evidence to support the existence of the civilizations described therein. Characteristics of the language and content point toward a nineteenth-century origin of the Book of Mormon. Various academics and apologetic organizations connected to the Latter Day Saint movement nevertheless argue that the book is an authentic account of the pre–Columbian exchange world. The Book of Mormon has a number of doctrinal discussions on subjects such as the fall of Adam and Eve, the nature of the Christian atonement, eschatology, agency, priesthood authority, redemption from physical and spiritual death, the nature and conduct of baptism, the age of accountability, the purpose and practice of communion, personalized revelation, economic justice, the anthropomorphic and personal nature of God, the nature of spirits and angels, and the organization of the latter day church. The pivotal event of the book is an appearance of Jesus Christ in the Americas shortly after his resurrection. Common teachings of the Latter Day Saint movement hold that the Book of Mormon fulfills numerous biblical prophecies by ending a global apostasy and signaling a restoration of Christian gospel. The Book of Mormon is divided into smaller books — which are usually titled after individuals named as primary authors — and in most versions, is divided into chapters and verses. Its English text imitates the style of the King James Version of the Bible. The Book of Mormon has been fully or partially translated into at least 112 languages.

Infobox

Religion
Latter Day Saint movement
Language
English
Period
19th century
Books
First Nephi Second Nephi Book of Jacob Book of Enos Book of Jarom Book of Omni Words of Mormon Book of Mosiah Book of Alma Book of Helaman Third Nephi Fourth Nephi Book of Mormon Book of Ether Book of Moroni

Tables

· Editions › Church editions
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
Publisher
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
Year
1981
Titles and notes
The Book of Mormon: Another Testament of Jesus Christ. New introductions, chapter summaries, and footnotes. 1920 edition errors corrected based on original manuscript and 1840 edition. Updated in a revised edition in 2013, with minor adjustments to summaries in 2025.
Link
link
Community of Christ
Community of Christ
Publisher
Community of Christ
Year
1966
Titles and notes
"Revised Authorized Version", based on 1908 Authorized Version, 1837 edition and original manuscript. Omits numerous repetitive "it came to pass" phrases.
The Church of Jesus Christ (Bickertonite)
The Church of Jesus Christ (Bickertonite)
Publisher
The Church of Jesus Christ (Bickertonite)
Year
2001
Titles and notes
Compiled by a committee of Apostles. It uses the chapter and verse designations from the 1879 LDS edition.[citation needed]
Church of Christ with the Elijah Message
Church of Christ with the Elijah Message
Publisher
Church of Christ with the Elijah Message
Year
1957
Titles and notes
The Record of the Nephites, "Restored Palmyra Edition". 1830 text with the 1879 LDS edition's chapters and verses.
Link
link Archived 2012-03-04 at the Wayback Machine
Church of Christ (Temple Lot)
Church of Christ (Temple Lot)
Publisher
Church of Christ (Temple Lot)
Year
1990
Titles and notes
Based on 1908 RLDS edition, 1830 edition, printer's manuscript, and corrections by church leaders.
Link
link
Fellowships of the remnants
Fellowships of the remnants
Publisher
Fellowships of the remnants
Year
2019
Titles and notes
Based on Joseph Smith's last personally-updated 1840 version, with revisions per Denver Snuffer Jr. Distributed jointly with the New Testament, in a volume called the "New Covenants".
Link
link
Publisher
Year
Titles and notes
Link
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
1981
The Book of Mormon: Another Testament of Jesus Christ. New introductions, chapter summaries, and footnotes. 1920 edition errors corrected based on original manuscript and 1840 edition. Updated in a revised edition in 2013, with minor adjustments to summaries in 2025.
link
Community of Christ
1966
"Revised Authorized Version", based on 1908 Authorized Version, 1837 edition and original manuscript. Omits numerous repetitive "it came to pass" phrases.
The Church of Jesus Christ (Bickertonite)
2001
Compiled by a committee of Apostles. It uses the chapter and verse designations from the 1879 LDS edition.[citation needed]
Church of Christ with the Elijah Message
1957
The Record of the Nephites, "Restored Palmyra Edition". 1830 text with the 1879 LDS edition's chapters and verses.
link Archived 2012-03-04 at the Wayback Machine
Church of Christ (Temple Lot)
1990
Based on 1908 RLDS edition, 1830 edition, printer's manuscript, and corrections by church leaders.
link
Fellowships of the remnants
2019
Based on Joseph Smith's last personally-updated 1840 version, with revisions per Denver Snuffer Jr. Distributed jointly with the New Testament, in a volume called the "New Covenants".
link
· Editions › Other editions
Herald Heritage
Herald Heritage
Publisher
Herald Heritage
Year
1970
Titles and notes
Facsimile of the 1830 edition.[citation needed]
Macmillan
Macmillan
Publisher
Macmillan
Year
1992
Titles and notes
Encyclopedia of Mormonism. The Encyclopedia's fifth volume includes the full text of the Book of Mormon, as well as the Doctrine and Covenants and Pearl of Great Price. There are brief introductions but no footnotes or indices (an index to the Encyclopedia is found in its fourth volume). The Encyclopedia, including the volume containing the Book of Mormon, is no longer in print.
Zarahemla Research Foundation
Zarahemla Research Foundation
Publisher
Zarahemla Research Foundation
Year
1999
Titles and notes
The Book of Mormon: Restored Covenant Edition. Text from Original and Printer's Manuscripts, in poetic layout.[citation needed]
Link
link Archived May 27, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
Bookcraft
Bookcraft
Publisher
Bookcraft
Year
1999
Titles and notes
The Book of Mormon for Latter-day Saint Families. Large print with visuals and explanatory notes.[citation needed]
University of Illinois Press
University of Illinois Press
Publisher
University of Illinois Press
Year
2003
Titles and notes
The Book of Mormon: A Reader's Edition. The text of the 1920 LDS edition reformatted into paragraphs and poetic stanzas and accompanied by some footnotes.
Link
link
Doubleday
Doubleday
Publisher
Doubleday
Year
2004
Titles and notes
The Book of Mormon: Another Testament of Jesus Christ. Text from the LDS edition without footnotes. A second edition was printed in 2006.
Link
link
Signature Books
Signature Books
Publisher
Signature Books
Year
2008
Titles and notes
The Reader's Book of Mormon. Text from the 1830 edition with its original paragraphing and without versification. Published in seven volumes, each introduced with a personal essay on the portion of the Book of Mormon contained.[citation needed]
Penguin Books
Penguin Books
Publisher
Penguin Books
Year
2008
Titles and notes
The Book of Mormon. Penguin Classics series. Paperback with 1840 text,[citation needed] "the last edition that Smith himself edited."
Link
link
Yale University Press
Yale University Press
Publisher
Yale University Press
Year
2009
Titles and notes
The Book of Mormon: The Earliest Text. Joseph Smith's dictated text with corrections from Royal Skousen's study of more than five thousand textual variances across manuscripts and editions.
Link
link
The Olive Leaf Foundation
The Olive Leaf Foundation
Publisher
The Olive Leaf Foundation
Year
2017
Titles and notes
A New Approach To Studying The Book Of Mormon. The complete text of the 1981 edition organized in paragraphs and poetic stanzas, annotated with marginal notes, and divided into event-based chaptering.
Link
link
Neal A. Maxwell Institute
Neal A. Maxwell Institute
Publisher
Neal A. Maxwell Institute
Year
2018
Titles and notes
The Book of Mormon: Another Testament of Jesus Christ, Maxwell Institute Study Edition. Text from the church's 1981 and 2013 editions reformatted into paragraphs and poetic stanzas. Selected textual variants discovered in the Book of Mormon Critical Text Project appear in footnotes.
Digital Legend Press
Digital Legend Press
Publisher
Digital Legend Press
Year
2018
Titles and notes
Annotated Edition of the Book of Mormon. Text from the 1920 edition footnoted and organized in paragraphs.
Publisher
Year
Titles and notes
Link
Herald Heritage
1970
Facsimile of the 1830 edition.[citation needed]
Macmillan
1992
Encyclopedia of Mormonism. The Encyclopedia's fifth volume includes the full text of the Book of Mormon, as well as the Doctrine and Covenants and Pearl of Great Price. There are brief introductions but no footnotes or indices (an index to the Encyclopedia is found in its fourth volume). The Encyclopedia, including the volume containing the Book of Mormon, is no longer in print.
Zarahemla Research Foundation
1999
The Book of Mormon: Restored Covenant Edition. Text from Original and Printer's Manuscripts, in poetic layout.[citation needed]
link Archived May 27, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
Bookcraft
1999
The Book of Mormon for Latter-day Saint Families. Large print with visuals and explanatory notes.[citation needed]
University of Illinois Press
2003
The Book of Mormon: A Reader's Edition. The text of the 1920 LDS edition reformatted into paragraphs and poetic stanzas and accompanied by some footnotes.
link
Doubleday
2004
The Book of Mormon: Another Testament of Jesus Christ. Text from the LDS edition without footnotes. A second edition was printed in 2006.
link
Signature Books
2008
The Reader's Book of Mormon. Text from the 1830 edition with its original paragraphing and without versification. Published in seven volumes, each introduced with a personal essay on the portion of the Book of Mormon contained.[citation needed]
Penguin Books
2008
The Book of Mormon. Penguin Classics series. Paperback with 1840 text,[citation needed] "the last edition that Smith himself edited."
link
Yale University Press
2009
The Book of Mormon: The Earliest Text. Joseph Smith's dictated text with corrections from Royal Skousen's study of more than five thousand textual variances across manuscripts and editions.
link
The Olive Leaf Foundation
2017
A New Approach To Studying The Book Of Mormon. The complete text of the 1981 edition organized in paragraphs and poetic stanzas, annotated with marginal notes, and divided into event-based chaptering.
link
Neal A. Maxwell Institute
2018
The Book of Mormon: Another Testament of Jesus Christ, Maxwell Institute Study Edition. Text from the church's 1981 and 2013 editions reformatted into paragraphs and poetic stanzas. Selected textual variants discovered in the Book of Mormon Critical Text Project appear in footnotes.
Digital Legend Press
2018
Annotated Edition of the Book of Mormon. Text from the 1920 edition footnoted and organized in paragraphs.
· Editions › Historic editions
E. B. Grandin
E. B. Grandin
Publisher
E. B. Grandin
Year
1830
Titles and notes
"First edition" in Palmyra. Based on printer's manuscript copied from original manuscript.
Link
link
Pratt and Goodson
Pratt and Goodson
Publisher
Pratt and Goodson
Year
1837
Titles and notes
"Second edition" in Kirtland. Revision of first edition, using the printer's manuscript with emendations and grammatical corrections.
Link
link
Ebenezer Robinson and Smith
Ebenezer Robinson and Smith
Publisher
Ebenezer Robinson and Smith
Year
1840
Titles and notes
"Third edition" in Nauvoo. Revised by Joseph Smith in comparison to the original manuscript.
Link
link
Young, Kimball and Pratt
Young, Kimball and Pratt
Publisher
Young, Kimball and Pratt
Year
1841
Titles and notes
"First European edition". 1837 reprint with British spellings. Future LDS editions descended from this, not the 1840 edition.
Link
link
Joseph Smith Jr.
Joseph Smith Jr.
Publisher
Joseph Smith Jr.
Year
1842
Titles and notes
"Fourth American edition" in Nauvoo. A reprint of the 1840 edition. Facsimiles of an original 1842 edition.
Franklin D. Richards
Franklin D. Richards
Publisher
Franklin D. Richards
Year
1852
Titles and notes
"Third European edition". Edited by Richards. Introduced primitive verses (numbered paragraphs).
Link
link
James O. Wright
James O. Wright
Publisher
James O. Wright
Year
1858
Titles and notes
Unauthorized reprinting of 1840 edition. Used by the early RLDS Church in 1860s.
Link
link
Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints
Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints
Publisher
Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints
Year
1874
Titles and notes
First RLDS edition. 1840 text with verses.
Link
link
Deseret News
Deseret News
Publisher
Deseret News
Year
1879
Titles and notes
Edited by Orson Pratt. Introduced footnotes, new verses, and shorter chapters.
Link
link
Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints
Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints
Publisher
Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints
Year
1908
Titles and notes
"Authorized Version". New verses and corrections based on printer's manuscript.
Link
link
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
Publisher
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
Year
1920
Titles and notes
Edited by James E. Talmage. Added introductions, double columns, chapter summaries, new footnotes, pronunciation guide.[citation needed]
Link
link
Publisher
Year
Titles and notes
Link
E. B. Grandin
1830
"First edition" in Palmyra. Based on printer's manuscript copied from original manuscript.
link
Pratt and Goodson
1837
"Second edition" in Kirtland. Revision of first edition, using the printer's manuscript with emendations and grammatical corrections.
link
Ebenezer Robinson and Smith
1840
"Third edition" in Nauvoo. Revised by Joseph Smith in comparison to the original manuscript.
link
Young, Kimball and Pratt
1841
"First European edition". 1837 reprint with British spellings. Future LDS editions descended from this, not the 1840 edition.
link
Joseph Smith Jr.
1842
"Fourth American edition" in Nauvoo. A reprint of the 1840 edition. Facsimiles of an original 1842 edition.
Franklin D. Richards
1852
"Third European edition". Edited by Richards. Introduced primitive verses (numbered paragraphs).
link
James O. Wright
1858
Unauthorized reprinting of 1840 edition. Used by the early RLDS Church in 1860s.
link
Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints
1874
First RLDS edition. 1840 text with verses.
link
Deseret News
1879
Edited by Orson Pratt. Introduced footnotes, new verses, and shorter chapters.
link
Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints
1908
"Authorized Version". New verses and corrections based on printer's manuscript.
link
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
1920
Edited by James E. Talmage. Added introductions, double columns, chapter summaries, new footnotes, pronunciation guide.[citation needed]
link

References

  1. The first settlers in the Americas were Paleolithic hunter-gatherers (Paleo-Indians) who entered North America from the
  2. The "hemispheric model" refers to a belief that the Book of Mormon's setting spanned North and South America and that In
  3. For example, Abner Cole's parody of the Book of Mormon, The Book of Pukei, described characters wearing moccasins.
  4. The Book of Mormon: An Account Written by the Hand of Mormon, Upon Plates Taken from the Plates of Nephi
    https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/paper-summary/book-of-mormon-1830/7
  5. Hardy 2010, p. 3.
  6. Hardy 2010, pp. xi–xiii, 6.
  7. Church News
    https://www.thechurchnews.com/2013/8/17/23224107/keystone-of-our-religion
  8. Preach My Gospel
    https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/manual/preach-my-gospel-a-guide-to-missionary-service/what-is-the-role-of-the-book-of-mormon?lang=eng#title2
  9. Southerton 2004, p. xv. "Anthropologists and archaeologists, including some Mormons and former Mormons, have discovered
  10. E.g. 2 Nephi 2
    https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/bofm/2-ne/2?lang=eng
  11. E.g. 2 Nephi 9
    https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/bofm/2-ne/9?lang=eng
  12. E.g. Alma 12
    https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/bofm/alma/12?lang=eng
  13. Understanding the Book of Mormon
    https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1588&context=jbms
  14. Hardy 2010, pp. 5–6.
  15. Translations of the Book of Mormon at LDS365.com
    https://lds365.com/translations-of-the-book-of-mormon
  16. Givens 2009, pp. 6–11.
  17. Hardy 2010, p. 6.
  18. BYU Studies Quarterly
    https://byustudies.byu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/58-3halessecured.pdf
  19. Givens 2002, pp. 162–168.
  20. Taves 2014, p. 4.
  21. Remini 2002, pp. 43–45.
  22. Bushman 2005, pp. 43–46.
  23. Remini 2002, p. 47.
  24. Bushman 2005, pp. 45–46.
  25. Davis 2020, pp. 165–168.
  26. Bushman 2005, pp. 59, 62–63.
  27. Religion & American Culture
    https://doi.org/10.1017%2Frac.2021.11
  28. Bushman 2005, p. 44.
  29. Howe 2007, p. 316. "Many people shared [a supernatural] culture, among them some jealous neighbors who tried to steal Sm
  30. Bushman 2005, pp. 60–61.
  31. Emma Smith, Reuben Hale, Martin Harris, Oliver Cowdery, and John and Christian Whitmer all scribed for Joseph Smith to v
  32. Remini 2002, pp. 59–65.
  33. Bushman 2005, pp. 63–80.
  34. BYU Studies Quarterly
    https://byustudies.byu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/57.4WelchBoMTranslate.pdf
  35. Remini 2002, pp. 64–65.
  36. Bushman 2005, p. 72.
  37. Bushman 2005, pp. 63–64.
  38. Joseph Smith may have developed this dictation process with Emma Smith, who was his first long-term scribe. See Easton-F
  39. Church History
    https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/paper-summary/church-history-1-march-1842/2?highlight=urim
  40. Bushman 2005, pp. 66, 71–72.
  41. Howe 2007, p. 313.
  42. The Coming Forth of the Book of Mormon: A Marvelous Work and a Wonder
    https://rsc.byu.edu/coming-forth-book-mormon/firsthand-witness-accounts-translation-process
  43. Givens 2002, p. 34.
  44. Hardy 2020, p. 209.
  45. Interpretations of accounts purporting to describe what Smith saw in his seer stone (or in the Urim and Thummim) vary. M
  46. Remini 2002, p. 62.
  47. Bushman 2005, pp. 66, 71. "When Martin Harris had taken dictation from Joseph, they at first hung a blanket between them
  48. Bushman 2005, p. 71. "When Cowdrey took up the job of scribe, he and Joseph translated in the same room where Emma was w
  49. Religious Educator
    https://rsc.byu.edu/vol-16-no-3-2015/role-art-teaching-latter-day-saint-history-doctrine
  50. Taves 2014, p. 5.
  51. Harris's wife Lucy Harris was long popularly thought to have stolen the pages. See Givens (2002, p. 33). Historian Don B
  52. Remini 2002, pp. 60–61.
  53. Bushman 2005, p. 68.
  54. Remini 2002, pp. 61–62.
  55. Bushman 2005, pp. 70–71.
  56. Bushman 2005, p. 76. During this time, John Whitmer did some transcription, though Cowdery still performed the majority.
  57. Bushman 2007, pp. 77–79.
  58. Hardy 2003, p. 631.
  59. The Coming Forth of the Book of Mormon: A Marvelous Work and a Wonder
    https://rsc.byu.edu/coming-forth-book-mormon/hefted-handled-tangible-interactions-book-mormon-objects
  60. Religion & American Culture
    https://doi.org/10.1017%2Frac.2021.11
  61. From the Desk
    https://www.fromthedesk.org/richard-bushman-gold-plates/
  62. Ensign
    https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/ensign/2010/03/180-years-later-book-of-mormon-nears-150-million-copies
  63. Remini 2002, p. 68.
  64. Journal of Book of Mormon Studies
    https://scholarlypublishingcollective.org/uip/jbms/article-abstract/doi/10.14321/23744774.37.03/317120/History-Religious-Studies-and-Book-of-Mormon?redirectedFrom=fulltext
  65. The Next Mormons: How Millennials Are Changing the LDS Church
    https://books.google.com/books?id=BPiFDwAAQBAJ
  66. The Book of Mormon: The Earliest Text
    https://archive.org/details/bookofmormonearl0000unse/page/n11/mode/2up?view=theater
  67. The Book of Mormon: The Earliest Text
    https://archive.org/details/bookofmormonearl0000unse/page/n25
  68. Los Angeles Review of Books
    https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/hiding-in-plain-sight-the-origins-of-the-book-of-mormon/
  69. There is some disagreement over this point and whether eyewitnesses may have exaggerated. William L. Davis notes some au
  70. Taves 2020, p. 180.
  71. Taves 2020, pp. 170–171, 185–186.
  72. Davis 2020, p. 190.
  73. Davis 2020, p. 35–37, 165–168. Though Smith never became an ordained exhorter, perhaps because he was not a Methodist me
  74. Visions in a Seer Stone: Joseph Smith and the Making of the Book of Mormon
  75. Maffly-Kipp 2008, p. xxvi.
  76. Gutjahr 2012, pp. 47–51.
  77. "Thus in 1945 the Spaulding theory of the origin of the Book of Mormon was still strongly in vogue, most scholarly works
  78. Gutjahr 2012, p. 51.
  79. Bushman 2005, p. 24.
  80. Elizabeth Fenton summarizes, "Some argue that [Oliver] Cowdery must have read View of the Hebrews and shared its content
  81. Bushman 2005, pp. 96–97.
  82. Americanist Approaches to the Book of Mormon
    https://books.google.com/books?id=3C-jwgEACAAJ
  83. Shalev 2014, p. 104.
  84. Barnes 2012, p. 500.
  85. Hardy 2010, p. 5.
  86. Givens 2009, p. 61.
  87. Howe 2007, p. 314.
  88. Twain 1872, Chapter XVI.
    https://www.gutenberg.org/files/3177/3177-h/3177-h.htm#linkch16
  89. Maffly-Kipp 2008, pp. ix–x.
  90. Davis 2020, p. 89.
  91. Bushman 2005, p. 87: "the book seems almost postmodern in its self-conscious attention to the production of the text."
  92. Maffly-Kipp 2008, p. x.
  93. Barnes 2012, p. 501.
  94. Hardy 2010, pp. 6–7.
  95. Hardy 2010, pp. 8, 10, 90.
  96. Hardy 2010, p. 10.
  97. Givens 2009, pp. 24, 33.
  98. Givens 2009, p. 11.
  99. Givens 2009, p. 12.
  100. Turner 2016, p. 29.
  101. Maffly-Kipp 2008, p. ix.
  102. Coviello 2019, pp. 141–146.
  103. Hardy 2010, p. 217.
  104. Hardy 2010, pp. 217–219, 262–265.
  105. Givens 2009, pp. 11, 43.
  106. Givens 2009, pp. 71–72.
  107. Hardy 2010, pp. 264–267.
  108. Maffly-Kipp 2008, pp. ix–xi.
  109. Turner 2016, p. 36.
  110. Givens 2002, pp. 46–47, 199.
  111. Hardy 2010, p. 53.
  112. Turner 2016, p. 32.
  113. Turner 2016, p. 33.
  114. Hardy 2010, p. 7.
  115. Turner 2016, pp. 30–32.
  116. Hardy 2010, p. 196.
  117. Reflections on Mormonism: Judaeo-Christian Parallels
    https://rsc.byu.edu/reflections-mormonism/sermon-mount-third-nephi
  118. Turner 2016, p. 35.
  119. The Oxford Handbook of Mormonism
    https://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199778362.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199778362-e-18
  120. Encyclopædia Britannica
    https://www.britannica.com/topic/Community-of-Christ
  121. The Baptist Version of the Book of Mormon
    http://www.centerplace.org/library/bofm/baptistversionofbofm.htm
  122. Religious Educator
    https://rsc.byu.edu/vol-21-no-1-2020/plan-salvation-book-mormon#_edn4
  123. Cross & Livingstone 1997, p. 597. "[A]ll human life has been radically altered for the worse, so that its actual state i
  124. Coviello (2019, p. 8) summarizes, "bodies are not the seats of wickedness or Pauline corruption but something else entir
    https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/bofm/2-ne/2?lang=eng&id=22-25#p22
  125. Givens 2002, pp. 217–219.
  126. Givens 2002, pp. 219–220. Givens refers to Nephi's encounter with Laban in which he is "constrained by the spirit" and t
  127. Givens 2002, pp. 218–221.
  128. Givens 2002, pp. 221–224.
  129. Scripture and Knowledge: An Essay on Religious Epistemology
    https://books.google.com/books?id=sb4nAAAAYAAJ
  130. Givens 2002, pp. 225–226.
  131. Givens 2002, p. 220.
  132. American Literature
    https://doi.org/10.1215%2F00029831-2717371
  133. in
    https://doi.org/10.2307%2F23291618
  134. Underwood 1993, p. 79.
  135. Underwood 1993, p. 80.
  136. Juvenile Instructor
    https://juvenileinstructor.org/columbus-the-european-conquest-and-the-radical-message-of-the-book-of-mormon/
  137. Coviello 2019, pp. 140–146.
  138. Maffly-Kipp 2008, pp. xx–xxi.
  139. Journal of Book of Mormon Studies
    https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1614&context=jbms
  140. Givens 2002, p. 64.
  141. Encyclopedia of Mormonism
    https://eom.byu.edu/index.php/Restoration_of_All_Things
  142. Givens 2002, pp. 69–71.
  143. Howe 2007, p. 315.
  144. Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought
    https://www.dialoguejournal.com/articles/book-of-mormon-usage-in-early-lds-theology/
  145. Living the Book of Mormon: Abiding by Its Precepts
    https://rsc.byu.edu/archived/living-book-mormon/most-correct-book-joseph-smiths-appraisal
  146. Believing History: Latter-day Saint Essays
    https://books.google.com/books?id=laAdRnr759gC
  147. Turner 2016, p. 44. The other three of the four standard works are the Bible, Doctrine and Covenants, and Pearl of Great
  148. Turner 2016, pp. 45–47.
  149. Turner 2016, p. 46.
  150. Joseph Smith Histories, 1832–1844
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  220. Duffy 2008, p. 57. "However, this historical development should not entirely eclipse the fact that LDS thinking about Bo
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