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Boeing 747

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Boeing 747

The Boeing 747 is a long-range wide-body airliner designed and manufactured by Boeing Commercial Airplanes in the United States between 1968 and 2023. After the introduction of the 707 in October 1958, Pan Am wanted a jet 2+1⁄2 times its size, to reduce its seat cost by 30%. In 1965, Joe Sutter left the 737 development program to design the 747. In April 1966, Pan Am ordered 25 Boeing 747-100 aircraft, and in late 1966, Pratt & Whitney agreed to develop the JT9D engine, a high-bypass turbofan. On September 30, 1968, the first 747 was rolled out of the custom-built Everett Plant, the world's largest building by volume. The 747's first flight took place on February 9, 1969, and the 747 was certified in December 1969. It entered service with Pan Am on January 22, 1970. The 747 was the first airplane called a "Jumbo Jet" as the first wide-body airliner. The 747 is a four-engined jet aircraft, initially powered by Pratt & Whitney JT9D turbofan engines, then General Electric CF6 and Rolls-Royce RB211 engines for the original variants. With a ten-abreast economy seating, it typically accommodates 366 passengers in three travel classes. It has a pronounced 37.5° wing sweep, allowing a Mach 0.85 (490 kn; 900 km/h) cruise speed, and its heavy weight is supported by four main landing gear legs, each with a four-wheel bogie. The partial double-deck aircraft was designed with a raised cockpit so it could be converted to a freighter airplane by installing a front cargo door, as it was initially thought that it would eventually be superseded by supersonic transports. Boeing introduced the -200 in 1971, with uprated engines for a heavier maximum takeoff weight (MTOW) of 833,000 pounds (378 t) from the initial 735,000 pounds (333 t), increasing the maximum range from 4,620 to 6,560 nautical miles [nmi] (8,560 to 12,150 km; 5,320 to 7,550 mi). It was shortened for the longer-range 747SP in 1976, and the 747-300 followed in 1983 with a stretched upper deck for up to 400 seats in three classes. The heavier 747-400 with improved RB211 and CF6 engines or the new PW4000 engine (the JT9D successor), and a two-crew glass cockpit, was introduced in 1989 and is the most common variant. After several studies, the stretched 747-8 was launched on November 14, 2005, using the General Electric GEnx engine first developed for the 787 Dreamliner (the inspiration for the -8 in the name), and was first delivered in October 2011. The 747 is the basis for several government and military variants, such as the VC-25 (Air Force One), E-4 Emergency Airborne Command Post, Shuttle Carrier Aircraft, and some experimental test aircraft such as the YAL-1 and SOFIA airborne observatory. Initial competition came from the smaller trijet widebodies: the Lockheed L-1011 (introduced in 1972), McDonnell Douglas DC-10 (1971) and later MD-11 (1990). Airbus competed with later variants with the heaviest versions of the A340 until surpassing the 747 in size with the A380, delivered between 2007 and 2021. Freighter variants of the 747 remain popular with cargo airlines. The final 747 was delivered to Atlas Air in January 2023 after a 54-year production run, with 1,574 aircraft built. As of October 2025, 65 Boeing 747s (4.1%) have been lost in accidents and incidents, in which a total of 3,746 people have died.

Infobox

Type
Wide-body jet airliner
National origin
United States
Manufacturer
Boeing Commercial Airplanes
Status
In cargo service; in limited passenger service
Primary users
mw- UPS Airlines Cargolux Lufthansa
Number built
1,574 (inc N7470 prototype)
Manufactured
1968–2023
Introduction date
January 22, 1970 (1970-01-22), with Pan Am
First flight
February 9, 1969; 56 years ago (1969-02-09)
Variants
Boeing 747 Supertanker Boeing 747-400 Boeing 747-8 Boeing E-4 Boeing VC-25
Developed into
Boeing Dreamlifter Boeing 747SP Boeing YAL-1 Shuttle Carrier Aircraft

Tables

· Variants › Comparison
Typical seats
Typical seats
Model
Typical seats
747-100
366
747-200B
400
MTOW
MTOW
Model
MTOW
747-100
735,000–750,000 lb(333.4–340.2 t)
747-200B
775,000–833,000 lb(351.5–377.8 t)
OEW
OEW
Model
OEW
747-100
358,000–381,480 lb(162.39–173.04 t)
747-200B
376,170–388,010 lb(170.63–176.00 t)
747-300
384,240–402,700 lb(174.29–182.66 t)
Fuelcapacity
Fuelcapacity
Model
Fuelcapacity
747-100
47,210–48,445 US gal(178,710–183,380 L)
747-200B
52,035–52,410 US gal(196,970–198,390 L)
Turbofan (×4)
Turbofan (×4)
Model
Turbofan (×4)
747-100
Pratt & Whitney JT9D or Rolls-Royce RB211 or General Electric CF6
Thrust (×4)
Thrust (×4)
Model
Thrust (×4)
747-100
43,500–51,600 lbf(193–230 kN)
747-200B
46,300–54,750 lbf(206.0–243.5 kN)
747-300
46,300–56,900 lbf(206–253 kN)
Range
Range
Model
Range
747-100
4,620 nmi(8,560 km; 5,320 mi)
747-200B
6,560 nmi(12,150 km; 7,550 mi)
747-300
6,330 nmi(11,720 km; 7,280 mi)
Takeoff
Takeoff
Model
Takeoff
747-100
10,650 ft (3,250 m)
747-200B
10,900 ft (3,300 m)
747-300
10,900 ft (3,300 m)
Model
747-100
747-200B
747-300
Typical seats
366
400
MTOW
735,000–750,000 lb(333.4–340.2 t)
775,000–833,000 lb(351.5–377.8 t)
OEW
358,000–381,480 lb(162.39–173.04 t)
376,170–388,010 lb(170.63–176.00 t)
384,240–402,700 lb(174.29–182.66 t)
Fuelcapacity
47,210–48,445 US gal(178,710–183,380 L)
52,035–52,410 US gal(196,970–198,390 L)
Turbofan (×4)
Pratt & Whitney JT9D or Rolls-Royce RB211 or General Electric CF6
Thrust (×4)
43,500–51,600 lbf(193–230 kN)
46,300–54,750 lbf(206.0–243.5 kN)
46,300–56,900 lbf(206–253 kN)
Range
4,620 nmi(8,560 km; 5,320 mi)
6,560 nmi(12,150 km; 7,550 mi)
6,330 nmi(11,720 km; 7,280 mi)
Takeoff
10,650 ft (3,250 m)
10,900 ft (3,300 m)
10,900 ft (3,300 m)
· Operators › Orders and deliveries
Orders
Orders
Year
Orders
Total
1,573
2023
–
2022
–
2021
5
2020
1
2019
–
2018
13
2017
6
2016
18
2015
6
2014
2
2013
13
2012
7
2011
3
2010
1
2009
5
2008
2
2007
16
2006
53
Deliveries
Deliveries
Year
Deliveries
Total
1,573
2023
1
2022
5
2021
7
2020
5
2019
7
2018
6
2017
14
2016
9
2015
18
2014
19
2013
24
2012
31
2011
9
2010
–
2009
8
2008
14
2007
16
2006
14
Year
Total
2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
Orders
1,573
–
–
5
1
–
13
6
18
6
2
13
7
3
1
5
2
16
53
Deliveries
1,573
1
5
7
5
7
6
14
9
18
19
24
31
9
–
8
14
16
14
· Operators › Orders and deliveries
Orders
Orders
Year
Orders
2005
46
2004
10
2003
4
2002
17
2001
16
2000
26
1999
35
1998
15
1997
36
1996
56
1995
32
1994
16
1993
2
1992
23
1991
31
1990
122
1989
56
1988
49
1987
66
1986
84
Deliveries
Deliveries
Year
Deliveries
2005
13
2004
15
2003
19
2002
27
2001
31
2000
25
1999
47
1998
53
1997
39
1996
26
1995
25
1994
40
1993
56
1992
61
1991
64
1990
70
1989
45
1988
24
1987
23
1986
35
Year
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
1989
1988
1987
1986
Orders
46
10
4
17
16
26
35
15
36
56
32
16
2
23
31
122
56
49
66
84
Deliveries
13
15
19
27
31
25
47
53
39
26
25
40
56
61
64
70
45
24
23
35
· Operators › Orders and deliveries
Orders
Orders
Year
Orders
1985
42
1984
23
1983
24
1982
14
1981
23
1980
49
1979
72
1978
76
1977
42
1976
14
1975
20
1974
29
1973
29
1972
18
1971
7
1970
20
1969
30
1968
22
1967
43
1966
83
Deliveries
Deliveries
Year
Deliveries
1985
24
1984
16
1983
22
1982
26
1981
53
1980
73
1979
67
1978
32
1977
20
1976
27
1975
21
1974
22
1973
30
1972
30
1971
69
1970
92
1969
4
1968
–
1967
–
1966
–
Year
1985
1984
1983
1982
1981
1980
1979
1978
1977
1976
1975
1974
1973
1972
1971
1970
1969
1968
1967
1966
Orders
42
23
24
14
23
49
72
76
42
14
20
29
29
18
7
20
30
22
43
83
Deliveries
24
16
22
26
53
73
67
32
20
27
21
22
30
30
69
92
4
–
–
–
· Operators › Model summary
747-100
747-100
Model Series
747-100
ICAO code
B741 / BSCA
Deliveries
167
Deliveries
205
747-100B
747-100B
Model Series
747-100B
ICAO code
9
747-100SR
747-100SR
Model Series
747-100SR
ICAO code
B74R
Deliveries
29
747SP
747SP
Model Series
747SP
ICAO code
B74S
Deliveries
45
Deliveries
45
747-200B
747-200B
Model Series
747-200B
ICAO code
B742
Deliveries
225
Deliveries
393
747-200C
747-200C
Model Series
747-200C
ICAO code
13
747-200F
747-200F
Model Series
747-200F
ICAO code
73
747-200M
747-200M
Model Series
747-200M
ICAO code
78
747 E-4A
747 E-4A
Model Series
747 E-4A
ICAO code
3
747-E4B
747-E4B
Model Series
747-E4B
ICAO code
1
747-300
747-300
Model Series
747-300
ICAO code
B743
Deliveries
56
Deliveries
81
747-300M
747-300M
Model Series
747-300M
ICAO code
21
747-300SR
747-300SR
Model Series
747-300SR
ICAO code
4
747-400
747-400
Model Series
747-400
ICAO code
B744 / BLCF
Deliveries
442
Deliveries
694
747-400ER
747-400ER
Model Series
747-400ER
ICAO code
6
747-400ERF
747-400ERF
Model Series
747-400ERF
ICAO code
40
747-400F
747-400F
Model Series
747-400F
ICAO code
126
747-400M
747-400M
Model Series
747-400M
ICAO code
61
747-400D
747-400D
Model Series
747-400D
ICAO code
B74D
Deliveries
19
747-8I
747-8I
Model Series
747-8I
ICAO code
B748
Deliveries
48
Deliveries
155
747-8F
747-8F
Model Series
747-8F
ICAO code
107
747 Total
747 Total
Model Series
747 Total
ICAO code
1,573
Model Series
ICAO code
Deliveries
747-100
B741 / BSCA
167
205
747-100B
9
747-100SR
B74R
29
747SP
B74S
45
45
747-200B
B742
225
393
747-200C
13
747-200F
73
747-200M
78
747 E-4A
3
747-E4B
1
747-300
B743
56
81
747-300M
21
747-300SR
4
747-400
B744 / BLCF
442
694
747-400ER
6
747-400ERF
40
747-400F
126
747-400M
61
747-400D
B74D
19
747-8I
B748
48
155
747-8F
107
747 Total
1,573

References

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  2. 400 passengers and baggage
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  4. B742 includes the VC-25, two 747-200Bs modified for the U.S. Air Force.
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