Black Widow (2021 film)

References

1. Disney announced that Black Widow also earned $67 million globally from Disney+ Premier Access in its opening weekend. T
2. As depicted in Captain America: Civil War (2016)
3. As depicted in Avengers: Endgame (2019)
4. "Black Widow (12A)"
   https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/black-widow-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc01mze0ndm
5. Forbes
   https://www.forbes.com/sites/carolinereid/2023/08/31/marvels-black-widow-made-disney-67-million-heres-why/
6. Black Widow
   https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt3480822/
7. The Numbers
   https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Black-Widow-(2021)
8. Deadline Hollywood
   https://deadline.com/2021/07/black-widow-opening-weekend-box-office-1234789473/
9. Deadline Hollywood
   https://deadline.com/2021/07/black-widow-disney-marvel-international-box-office-1234788577/
10. Scarlett Johansson v The Walt Disney Company
    https://s3.documentcloud.org/documents/21046887/disney-motion-to-compel-arbitration.pdf
11. The Hollywood Reporter
    https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/black-widow-movie-be-directed-by-cate-shortland-1126708
12. Screen Rant
    https://screenrant.com/black-widow-movie-natasha-romanoff-mcu-before-avengers/
13. Collider
    https://collider.com/black-widow-movie-scarlett-johansson-interview-sexualization/
14. Deadline Hollywood
    https://deadline.com/2018/11/spider-women-captain-marvel-and-harley-quinn-females-fly-in-the-face-of-old-hollywood-perceptions-1202485612/
15. The Korea Times
    https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/art/2021/06/689_311063.html
16. Creative Screenwriting
    https://www.creativescreenwriting.com//a-russian-undercover-family-drama-eric-pearson-talks-black-widow
17. Variety
    https://variety.com/2021/film/news/black-widow-scarlett-johansson-florence-pugh-interview-1235012950/
18. Variety
    https://variety.com/2020/film/news/disney-live-action-peter-pan-peter-wendy-1203529492/
19. Variety
    https://variety.com/2021/film/reviews/black-widow-review-scarlett-johansson-florence-pugh-1235007198/
20. Interview
    https://www.interviewmagazine.com/film/ever-anderson
21. Paper
    https://www.papermag.com/ever-anderson-black-widow-2653700228.html?rebelltitem=3#rebelltitem3
22. Entertainment Weekly
    https://ew.com/comic-con/2019/07/20/black-widow-movie-first-look-scarlett-johansson/
23. Variety
    https://variety.com/2019/film/news/florence-pugh-scarlett-johansson-black-widow-1203165665/
24. /Film
    https://www.slashfilm.com/multiple-black-widows/
25. Total Film
    https://www.gamesradar.com/black-widow-2-florence-pugh-scarlett-johansson/
26. Black Widow
    https://web.archive.org/web/20210713222929/http://www.mtv.com/news/3178830/florence-pugh-black-widow-interview/
27. "Black Widow Advance"
    https://lumiere-a.akamaihd.net/v1/documents/black_widow_advance_updated_final_04-29-21_e1222ad3.pdf
28. Empire
    https://www.empireonline.com/movies/news/black-widow-movie-hand-baton-florence-pugh-says-cate-shortland-exclusive/
29. Beautiful Ballad
    http://www.beautifulballad.org/2021/01/27/exclusive-violet-mcgraw-talks-her-new-film-our-friend-and-her-role-in-black-widow/
30. Deadline Hollywood
    https://deadline.com/2019/04/david-harbour-disney-marvel-black-widow-movie-1202587737/
31. IGN
    https://www.ign.com/articles/red-guardian-fight-vs-russian-captain-america
32. TheWrap
    https://www.thewrap.com/david-harbour-says-red-guardian-in-black-widow-was-the-captain-america-of-his-day-for-russia/
33. The Hollywood Reporter
    https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/black-widow-post-credits-scene-florence-pugh-1234982728/
34. Empire
35. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/11/movies/david-harbour-black-widow.html
36. The Hollywood Reporter
    https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/black-widow-ending-scene-o-t-fagbenle-scarlett-johansson-1234983208/
37. Deadline Hollywood
    https://deadline.com/2019/04/black-widow-marvel-cast-handmaids-tale-actor-o-t-fagbenle-1202593084/
38. ComicBook.com
    https://comicbook.com/movies/news/black-widow-movie-natasha-mason-romance-ot-fagbenle/
39. ComicBook.com
    https://comicbook.com/marvel/news/black-widow-mason-natasha-relationsip-fagbenle/
40. Top Gear
    https://www.topgear.com/car-news/movies/behind-scenes-black-widows-car-chase
41. Radio Times
    https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/sci-fi/who-is-taskmaster-black-widow-villain/
42. /Film
    https://www.slashfilm.com/final-black-widow-trailer/
43. Collider
    https://collider.com/which-avengers-did-taskmasker-copy-in-black-widow/
44. ComicBook.com
    https://comicbook.com/movies/news/black-widow-taskmaster-fighting-style-spider-man-winter-soldier/
45. Screen Rant
    https://screenrant.com/black-widow-easter-eggs-mcu-marvel-references-secrets/
46. CinemaBlend
    https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2570564/black-widows-taskmaster-multiple-stunt-doubles-olga-kurylenko-scarlett-johansson-mcu
47. Esquire
    https://www.esquire.com/entertainment/movies/a36982102/olga-kurylenko-taskmaster-black-widow-interview/
48. Den of Geek
    https://www.denofgeek.com/movies/black-widow-bringing-dreykov-taskmaster-yelena-and-more-to-life/
49. Screen Rant
    https://screenrant.com/black-widow-movie-cast-character-guide-comic-comparison/
50. Newsarama
    https://web.archive.org/web/20191002021635/https://www.newsarama.com/47174-william-hurt-joins-black-widow-film.html
51. Black Widow: The Official Movie Special
52. Variety
    https://variety.com/2019/film/news/black-widow-marvel-ray-winstone-1203249397/
53. "Black Widow Press Kit"
    https://lumiere-a.akamaihd.net/v1/documents/black_widow_press_kit_updated_06-21-21_0ac527c2.pdf
54. /Film
    https://www.slashfilm.com/black-widow-villain-timeframe/
55. Entertainment Tonight
    https://www.etonline.com/scarlett-johansson-ushers-in-the-mcus-female-future-with-black-widow-its-pretty-explosive-exclusive
56. IGN
    https://www.ign.com/articles/2019/12/12/black-widow-rachel-weisz-melina-vostokoff-iron-maiden-taskmaster
57. Harper's Bazaar
    https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/culture/entertainment/a36930066/rachel-weisz-marvel-black-widow-female-gaze/
58. ComicBook.com
    https://comicbook.com/marvel/news/black-widow-rachel-weisz-melina-villain-iron-maiden/
59. Decider
    https://decider.com/2021/07/09/black-widow-david-harbour-interview-flirting-with-rachel-weisz/
60. Screen Rant
    https://screenrant.com/black-widow-taskmaster-identity-actor-olga-kurylenko/
61. ComicBook.com
    https://comicbook.com/movies/news/marvel-shang-chi-spoilers-clip-black-widow-cameo-helen-jade-xu/
62. Black Widow
    https://ew.com/movies/black-widow-x-men-easter-egg-ursa-major-instagram/
63. Radio Times
    https://www.radiotimes.com/movies/black-widow-valentina-scene-explained/
64. Comic Book Resources
    http://spinoff.comicbookresources.com/2011/11/17/david-hayter-recalls-details-of-abandoned-black-widow-movie/
65. Superhero Hype!
    http://www.superherohype.com/features/84705-lions-gate-marvel-sign-iron-fist-black-widow-deal
66. The Hollywood Reporter
    https://web.archive.org/web/20040620165056/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/thr/film/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1000499074
67. Rotten Tomatoes
    https://www.rottentomatoes.com/news/1646970/lionsgate_squashes_the_quotblack_widowquot/
68. Variety
    https://variety.com/2009/film/markets-festivals/emily-blunt-rumored-for-iron-man-2-1117998515/
69. Orlando Sentinel
    https://web.archive.org/web/20120611011158/http://blogs.orlandosentinel.com/entertainment_movies_blog/2009/02/emily-blunt-on-losing-black-widow.html
70. Deadline Hollywood
    https://deadline.com/2009/03/another-iron-man-2-exclusive-scarlett-johannson-will-replace-emily-blunt-in-iron-man-2-8763/
71. IGN
    https://www.ign.com/articles/2010/09/22/black-widow-the-movie
72. Deadline Hollywood
    https://www.deadline.com/2010/07/star-wattage-marvel-assembles-the-avengers-for-comic-con-panel
73. Deadline Hollywood
    https://deadline.com/2012/10/five-actresses-testing-for-captain-america-2-role-black-widow-might-drop-by-as-well-347013/
74. New York Daily News
    http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/gossip/scarlett-johansson-flaunts-curves-new-magazine-photo-shoot-article-1.1470378
75. Newsarama
    https://web.archive.org/web/20150119212654/http://www.newsarama.com/23231-black-widow-back-for-captain-america-civil-war-and-more-from-the-russos.html
76. Screen Rant
    https://screenrant.com/black-panther-avengers-3-set-video/
77. Screen Rant
    https://screenrant.com/robert-downey-jr-avengers-4/
78. Collider
    https://collider.com/black-widow-movie-scarlett-johansson-has-discussed-series-of-films-with-marvel/
79. IGN
    https://www.ign.com/articles/2014/02/13/feige-black-widows-past-to-be-explored-in-avengers-2-and-possible-solo-film
80. "Screenwriter Nicole Perlman gives us the scoop on Guardians, Marvel, and more!"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20140728080621/http://www.cineplex.com/News/Screenwriter-Nicole-Perlman-gives-us-the-scoop-on-Guardians-Marvel-and-more
81. Screen Rant
    https://screenrant.com/scarlett-johansson-talks-black-widow-solo-film/
82. Digital Spy
    http://www.digitalspy.com/movies/news/a585310/x-mens-david-hayter-wants-to-revive-black-widow-film.html#~oL8zDz7mrR48fA
83. Game of Thrones
    https://www.vanityfair.com/vf-hollywood/2014/08/neil-marshall-game-of-thrones-interview
84. Fandango
    http://www.fandango.com/movie-news/heres-when-well-know-whos-starring-in-and-directing-marvels-captain-marvel-movie-750715
85. Deadline Hollywood
    https://deadline.com/2016/05/kevin-feige-marvel-studios-captain-america-civil-war-iron-man-doctor-strange-black-panther-1201750467/
86. IGN
    https://www.ign.com/articles/2016/07/24/comic-con-2016-joss-whedon-would-direct-a-black-widow-movie-if-marvel-asked
87. Variety
    https://variety.com/2016/film/news/scarlett-johansson-black-widow-movie-avengers-trump-1201887106/
88. Total Film
    https://www.gamesradar.com/the-black-widow-movie-should-be-done-says-scarlett-johansson/
89. "Couple side notes on this one, Feige met with ScarJo either right before or right after Thanksgiving to talk about direction they wanted to go with this pic before meeting with writers"
    https://x.com/krolljvar/status/951230739307143168
90. TheWrap
    https://www.thewrap.com/she-hulk-creator-jessica-gao-black-widow-pitch/
91. Variety
    https://variety.com/2022/tv/news/she-hulk-steve-rogers-virginity-cut-scenes-1235342096/
92. Variety
    https://variety.com/2018/film/news/marvel-black-widow-jac-schaeffer-screenwriter-1202643908/
93. "Jac had two meetings with Marvel, the last one being with Feige the week before Xmas, decision was made before the New Year"
    https://x.com/krolljvar/status/951231846511030272
94. "Black Widow update: While Jac didn't get a chance to meet with ScarJo before she was tapped to pen BW, hearing the two are likely to sit down at the beginning of next month to talk about the film and how they see it going"
    https://x.com/krolljvar/status/951943787588108288
95. The Hollywood Reporter
    https://web.archive.org/web/20180427025046/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/jessica-jones-director-talks-direct-star-trek-4-1106180
96. "Fun fact: More than 65 directors have met for the Black Widow job. Marvel being extremely thorough on this one"
    https://x.com/krolljvar/status/991731026270474240
97. The Hollywood Reporter
    https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/chloe-zhao-direct-marvel-studios-eternals-1143547
98. Variety
    https://variety.com/2019/film/news/laggies-director-lynn-shelton-marvel-direct-black-widow-1203159706/
99. IndieWire
    https://www.indiewire.com/2018/12/lucrecia-martel-marvel-offer-black-widow-sexist-dont-worry-action-scenes-1202027524/
100. La Voix du Nord
     https://www.lavoixdunord.fr/1519652/article/2024-11-05/coralie-fargeat-realisatrice-de-substance-etre-une-femme-c-est-un-film-d-horreur
101. Deadline Hollywood
     https://deadline.com/2018/06/black-widow-movie-marvel-cate-shortland-female-directors-scarlett-johansson-1202414395/
102. "Add Kimberly Peirce (Boys Don't Cry) to the shortlist of possible directors for Marvel's Black Widow"
     https://x.com/TheInSneider/status/1013810302985441282
103. The Guardian
     https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/jul/02/i-enjoy-how-sexy-she-is-as-long-as-shes-in-control-black-widows-cate-shortland-on-scarlett-johansson
104. The Hollywood Reporter
     https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/black-widow-movie-scarlett-johansson-lands-15-million-payday-1151328
105. The Hollywood Reporter
     https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/business-news/scarlett-johansson-disney-lawsuit-1234990249/
106. The Hollywood Reporter
     https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/black-widow-movie-kevin-feige-scarlett-johansson-1234978262/
107. Syfy Wire
     https://www.syfy.com/syfywire/black-widow-mcu-timeline-civil-war-avengers-infinity-endgame
108. Black Widow
     https://ew.com/comic-con/2019/07/21/marvel-black-widow-exclusive-details-cast/
109. io9
     https://io9.gizmodo.com/kevin-feige-hints-at-how-a-black-widow-prequel-could-re-1835656005
110. Collider
     https://collider.com/black-widow-script-ned-benson/
111. ComicBook.com
     https://comicbook.com/marvel/2019/02/22/black-widow-r-rating-kevin-feige/
112. The Hollywood Reporter
     https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/florence-pugh-talks-join-scarlett-johansson-black-widow-1195519
113. "Marvel has been high on Florence since December for the part but did open it up at the top of the year with other actresses meeting (Saorise also in the mix) but in the end she wins the coveted role"
     https://x.com/krolljvar/status/1107780020976513024
114. Screen Rant
     https://screenrant.com/mcu-black-widow-replacement-original-saoirse-ronan-before-florence-pugh/
115. The Hollywood Reporter
     https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/marvel-movie-math-comic-creators-1235183158/
116. The Hollywood Reporter
     https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/marvel-dc-florence-pugh-michael-keaton-pay-1235243911/
117. Variety
     https://variety.com/2019/film/news/rachel-weisz-black-widow-marvel-scarlett-johansson-1203177636/
118. Entertainment Weekly
     https://ew.com/movies/black-widow-writer-confirms-robert-downey-jr-cameo-in-earlier-script-version/
119. Deadline Hollywood
     https://deadline.com/2019/09/saturn-awards-2019-winners-list-jon-favreau-kevin-feige-stan-lee-1202734450/
120. IndieWire
     https://www.indiewire.com/features/general/black-widow-excluded-iron-man-hawkeye-cameos-1234650354/
121. Total Film
     https://www.gamesradar.com/black-widow-iron-man-cameo-cate-shortland/
122. DiscussingFilm
     https://discussingfilm.net/2021/07/12/eric-pearson-on-black-widow-and-filling-the-gaps-in-the-mcu-exclusive-interview/
123. ComicBook.com
     https://comicbook.com/marvel/2020/01/14/black-widow-writer-eric-pearson-thor-ragnarok-marvel-studios/
124. /Film
     https://www.slashfilm.com/582323/black-widow-eric-pearson-interview/
125. ComicBook.com
     https://comicbook.com/marvel/news/black-widow-writer-interview-taskmaster-ending-eric-pearson/
126. TheWrap
     https://www.thewrap.com/how-did-natasha-get-away-scene-at-the-end-of-black-widow-general-ross/
127. Yahoo! Entertainment
     https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/black-widow-scarlett-johansson-metoo-comments-harvey-weinstein-dreykov-221929976.html
128. The Direct
     https://thedirect.com/article/black-widow-taskmaster-mcu-ot-fagbenle-exclusive
129. ComicBook.com
     https://comicbook.com/marvel/2019/05/29/new-black-widow-set-photos-production-officially-begins/
130. Fandango
     https://www.fandango.com/movie-news/black-widow-director-cate-shortland-on-its-unique-identity-in-the-mcu-and-which-marvel-film-its-most-like-754334
131. Collider
     https://collider.com/black-widow-cinematographer-gabriel-beristain/
132. "Beristain Brings 1940s Hollywood into the Digital Era for Agent Carter"
     https://web.archive.org/web/20150124092717/http://www.theasc.com/asc_blog/parallax-view/2015/01/14/beristain-brings-1940s-hollywood-digital-era-agent-carter/
133. The Hollywood Reporter
     https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/black-widow-cinematographer-gabriel-beristain-thr-behind-the-screen-1234975860/
134. British Cinematographer
     https://britishcinematographer.co.uk/gabriel-beristain-bsc-asc-amc-black-widow/
135. SurreyLive
     https://www.getsurrey.co.uk/news/surrey-news/marvel-film-black-widow-thursley-16635651
136. The Daily Telegraph
     https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/07/24/parish-council-takes-marvel-comics-scarlett-johansson-say-plans/
137. Flickering Myth
     https://www.flickeringmyth.com/2019/06/scarlett-johansson-featured-latest-black-widow-photos/
138. The Hollywood Reporter
     https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/black-widow-scarlett-johansson-florence-pugh-disney-plus-1234975907/
139. Yahoo! Entertainment
     https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/black-widow-set-photo-hints-florence-pugh-will-replace-scarlett-johansson-as-top-spy-160142945.html
140. Comic Book Resources
     https://www.cbr.com/black-widow-olivier-richters-dutch-giant-cast/
141. Energy Voice
     https://www.energyvoice.com/oilandgas/north-sea/336172/black-widow-film-special-effects-oil-rig-north-sea/
142. ComicBook.com
     https://comicbook.com/marvel/2019/10/01/black-widow-filming-macon-georgia-mcu-marvel/
143. The Cincinnati Enquirer
     https://www.cincinnati.com/story/entertainment/2021/07/09/black-widow-cincinnati-hamilton-county-ohio/7916725002/
144. Morocco Travel Blog
     https://moroccotravelblog.com/scalia_news/scarlett-johansson-spotted-in-tangier-while-shooting-the-film-black-widow/
145. Variety
     https://variety.com/2022/film/festivals/morocco-locations-cash-rebate-k-films-kasbah-1235431771/
146. ComicBook.com
     https://comicbook.com/marvel/2019/10/07/black-widow-wraps-production-marvel-studios/
147. Radio Times
     https://www.radiotimes.com/movies/scifi/ray-winstone-soul-destroying-mcu-newsupdate/
148. Variety
     https://variety.com/2025/film/global/ray-winstone-black-widow-angelina-jolie-marvel-1236492629/
149. Marvel Studios [@MarvelStudios]
     https://x.com/MarvelStudios/status/1417300297643298825
150. Digital Spy
     https://www.digitalspy.com/movies/a37101400/black-widow-opening-sequence-marvel-kevin-feige/
151. "Black Widow | Opening Title Sequence Design"
     https://www.experienceperception.com/black-widow-titles.html
152. Variety
     https://variety.com/2020/film/box-office/black-widow-release-coronavirus-1203532996/
153. TheWrap
     https://www.thewrap.com/black-widow-moves-to-november-as-other-mcu-films-shift-back-to-2021-2022/
154. TheWrap
     https://www.thewrap.com/disney-pushes-black-widow-back-to-2021/
155. Variety
     https://variety.com/2021/film/news/disney-postpones-black-widow-shang-chi-1234935874/
156. Falcon and the Winter Soldier
     https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2021/04/julia-louis-dreyfus-marvel-villain-character-contessa-valentina-allegra-de-fontaine
157. Gizmodo
     https://gizmodo.com/black-widow-was-meant-to-set-up-a-falcon-and-winter-sol-1847234779
158. The Hollywood Reporter
     https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-features/why-hawkeye-team-was-not-told-of-black-widow-tie-in-at-first-1235061203/
159. Variety
     https://variety.com/2021/film/news/black-widow-post-credits-scene-florence-pugh-julia-louis-dreyfus-1235015400/
160. Empire
     https://www.empireonline.com/movies/news/black-widow-scarlett-johansson-and-florence-pugh-team-up-in-exclusive-image/
161. The Art of VFX
     https://www.artofvfx.com/black-widow/
162. Fxguide
     https://www.fxguide.com/quicktakes/digital-domain-brings-black-widows-red-room-crashing-down/
163. Digital Trends
     https://www.digitaltrends.com/movies/black-widow-visual-effects/
164. Computer Graphics World
     https://www.cgw.com/Press-Center/In-Focus/2021/Cinesite-London-VFX-Adds-Excitement-to-Black-Wid.aspx
165. "Our Work on Black Widow"
     https://www.wetafx.co.nz/articles/black-widow/
166. Animation World Network
     https://www.awn.com/vfxworld/ilms-vfx-help-marvel-studios-wing-it-black-widow
167. "Black Widow | Technology Design"
     https://www.experienceperception.com/work/black-widow-technology-design/
168. Collider
     https://collider.com/alexandre-desplat-black-widow-composer/
169. Film Music Reporter
     http://filmmusicreporter.com/2020/03/31/lorne-balfe-scoring-marvels-black-widow/
170. IndieWire
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174. Film Music Reporter
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175. CNN Entertainment
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176. The Verge
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177. MTV News
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178. Forbes
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180. The Hollywood Reporter
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181. Polygon
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182. Syfy Wire
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183. Forbes
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186. Polygon
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233. The Hollywood Reporter
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238. "Domestic 2021 Weekend 28"
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241. Deadline Hollywood
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266. RogerEbert.com
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