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Birmingham

Updated: Wikipedia source

Birmingham

Birmingham ( BUR-ming-əm) is a city and metropolitan borough in the metropolitan county of West Midlands, within the wider West Midlands region, in England. It is the largest local authority district in England by population and the second-largest city in Britain – commonly referred to as the second city of the United Kingdom – with a population of 1.2 million people in the city proper in 2024. Birmingham borders the Black Country to its west and, together with the city of Wolverhampton and towns including Dudley and Solihull, forms the West Midlands conurbation. The royal town of Sutton Coldfield is incorporated within the city limits to the northeast. Birmingham's urban area has a population of 2.7 million and its wider metropolitan area has a population of 4.3 million. Located in the West Midlands region of England, Birmingham is considered to be the social, cultural, financial and commercial centre of the Midlands. It is just west of the traditional centre point of England at Meriden, and is the most inland major city in the country, lying north of the Cotswolds and east of the Shropshire Hills. Distinctively, Birmingham only has small rivers flowing through it, mainly the River Tame and its tributaries River Rea and River Cole – one of the closest main rivers is the Severn, approximately 20 miles (32 km) west of the city centre. The city does however have numerous canals, collectively named the Birmingham Canal Navigations. Historically a market town in Warwickshire in the medieval period, Birmingham grew during the 18th century during the Midlands Enlightenment and during the Industrial Revolution, which saw advances in science, technology and economic development, producing a series of innovations that laid many of the foundations of modern industrial society. By 1791, it was being hailed as "the first manufacturing town in the world". Birmingham's distinctive economic profile, with thousands of small workshops practising a wide variety of specialised and highly skilled trades, encouraged exceptional levels of creativity and innovation; this provided an economic base for prosperity that was to last into the final quarter of the 20th century. The Watt steam engine was invented in Birmingham. The resulting high level of social mobility also fostered a culture of political radicalism which, under leaders from Thomas Attwood to Joseph Chamberlain, was to give it a political influence unparalleled in Britain outside London and a pivotal role in the development of British democracy. From the summer of 1940 to the spring of 1943, Birmingham was bombed heavily by the German Luftwaffe in what is known as the Birmingham Blitz. The damage done to the city's infrastructure, in addition to a deliberate policy of demolition and new building by planners, led to extensive urban regeneration in subsequent decades. Birmingham's economy is now dominated by the service sector. The city is a major international commercial centre and an important transport, retail, events and conference hub. Its metropolitan economy is the second-largest in the United Kingdom with a GDP of £95.94bn (2014). Its five universities, including the University of Birmingham, make it the largest centre of higher education in the country outside London. Birmingham's major cultural institutions – the City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra, Birmingham Royal Ballet, Birmingham Repertory Theatre, Library of Birmingham and Barber Institute of Fine Arts – enjoy international reputations, and the city has vibrant and influential grassroots art, music, literary and culinary scenes. Birmingham was the host city for the 2022 Commonwealth Games. In 2021, Birmingham was the third most visited city in the UK by people from foreign nations.

Infobox

Sovereign state
United Kingdom
Country
England
Region
West Midlands
Ceremonial county and Combined authority
West Midlands
Historic county
WarwickshireStaffordshire (part)Worcestershire (part)
Settled
c. 600
City status
14 January 1889
Metropolitan borough
1 April 1974
Administrative HQ
The Council House
• Type
Metropolitan borough
• Body
Birmingham City Council
• Executive
Leader and cabinet
• Control
Labour
• Leader
John Cotton (L)
• Lord Mayor
Zafar Iqbal
• MPs
10 MPs Tahir Ali (L) Liam Byrne (L) Alistair Carns (L) Preet Kaur Gill (L) Paulette Hamilton (L) Ayoub Khan (I) Shabana Mahmood (L) Andrew Mitchell (C) Jess Phillips (L) Laurence Turner (L)
• Total
1,183,618
• Rank
1st
• Density
11,400/sq mi (4,420/km2)
Demonym
Brummie (colloq.)
• Ethnic groups
List 48.6% White 31.0% Asian 11.0% Black 4.8% Mixed 4.5% other
• Religion
List 34.0% Christianity 29.9% Islam 24.1% no religion 2.9% Sikhism 1.9% Hinduism 0.4% Buddhism 0.1% Judaism 0.6% other 6.1% not stated
Time zone
UTC 0 (GMT)
• Summer (DST)
UTC 1 (BST)
Postcode area
B
Dialling code
0121
ISO 3166 code
GB-BIR
GSS code
E08000025
Website
birmingham.gov.uk

Tables

Month
Month
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
Month
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
Jan
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
Feb
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
Mar
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
Apr
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
May
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
Jun
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
Jul
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
Aug
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
Sep
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
Oct
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
Nov
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
Dec
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
Year
Record high °C (°F)
Record high °C (°F)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
Record high °C (°F)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
14.6(58.3)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
18.8(65.8)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
22.8(73.0)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
25.8(78.4)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
26.5(79.7)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
31.7(89.1)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
37.4(99.3)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
34.8(94.6)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
29.4(84.9)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
28.0(82.4)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
17.7(63.9)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
16.2(61.2)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
37.4(99.3)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
7.1(44.8)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
7.7(45.9)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
10.3(50.5)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
13.4(56.1)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
16.5(61.7)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
19.3(66.7)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
21.5(70.7)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
21.0(69.8)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
18.1(64.6)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
13.9(57.0)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
9.9(49.8)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
7.3(45.1)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
13.9(57.0)
Daily mean °C (°F)
Daily mean °C (°F)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
Daily mean °C (°F)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
4.3(39.7)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
4.7(40.5)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
6.6(43.9)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
9.0(48.2)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
11.9(53.4)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
14.8(58.6)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
16.8(62.2)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
16.5(61.7)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
13.9(57.0)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
10.5(50.9)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
6.9(44.4)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
4.6(40.3)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
10.0(50.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
1.6(34.9)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
1.6(34.9)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
2.9(37.2)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
4.6(40.3)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
7.3(45.1)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
10.2(50.4)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
12.1(53.8)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
12.0(53.6)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
9.7(49.5)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
7.1(44.8)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
4.0(39.2)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
1.9(35.4)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
6.3(43.3)
Record low °C (°F)
Record low °C (°F)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
Record low °C (°F)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
−14.3(6.3)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
−9.4(15.1)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
−8.3(17.1)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
−4.3(24.3)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
−1.6(29.1)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
0.5(32.9)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
4.0(39.2)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
4.0(39.2)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
1.1(34.0)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
−5.0(23.0)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
−9.0(15.8)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
−13.4(7.9)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
−14.3(6.3)
Average precipitation mm (inches)
Average precipitation mm (inches)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
Average precipitation mm (inches)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
72.0(2.83)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
55.1(2.17)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
50.9(2.00)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
56.5(2.22)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
61.0(2.40)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
68.4(2.69)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
65.8(2.59)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
67.5(2.66)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
68.2(2.69)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
81.4(3.20)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
78.7(3.10)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
83.9(3.30)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
809.3(31.86)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm)
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
12.8
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
10.6
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
10.0
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
10.6
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
10.2
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
10.0
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
9.7
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
10.5
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
10.0
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
12.3
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
13.3
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
12.7
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
132.5
Mean monthly sunshine hours
Mean monthly sunshine hours
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
Mean monthly sunshine hours
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
52.9
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
76.5
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
117.6
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
157.0
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
187.0
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
180.6
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
193.5
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
175.0
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
140.0
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
102.5
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
63.1
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
55.6
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
1,501.3
Source 1: Met Office
Source 1: Met Office
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
Source 1: Met Office
Source 2: Starlings Roost Weather
Source 2: Starlings Roost Weather
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
Source 2: Starlings Roost Weather
Climate data for Birmingham (Winterbourne), elevation: 140 m (459 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Record high °C (°F)
14.6(58.3)
18.8(65.8)
22.8(73.0)
25.8(78.4)
26.5(79.7)
31.7(89.1)
37.4(99.3)
34.8(94.6)
29.4(84.9)
28.0(82.4)
17.7(63.9)
16.2(61.2)
37.4(99.3)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
7.1(44.8)
7.7(45.9)
10.3(50.5)
13.4(56.1)
16.5(61.7)
19.3(66.7)
21.5(70.7)
21.0(69.8)
18.1(64.6)
13.9(57.0)
9.9(49.8)
7.3(45.1)
13.9(57.0)
Daily mean °C (°F)
4.3(39.7)
4.7(40.5)
6.6(43.9)
9.0(48.2)
11.9(53.4)
14.8(58.6)
16.8(62.2)
16.5(61.7)
13.9(57.0)
10.5(50.9)
6.9(44.4)
4.6(40.3)
10.0(50.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
1.6(34.9)
1.6(34.9)
2.9(37.2)
4.6(40.3)
7.3(45.1)
10.2(50.4)
12.1(53.8)
12.0(53.6)
9.7(49.5)
7.1(44.8)
4.0(39.2)
1.9(35.4)
6.3(43.3)
Record low °C (°F)
−14.3(6.3)
−9.4(15.1)
−8.3(17.1)
−4.3(24.3)
−1.6(29.1)
0.5(32.9)
4.0(39.2)
4.0(39.2)
1.1(34.0)
−5.0(23.0)
−9.0(15.8)
−13.4(7.9)
−14.3(6.3)
Average precipitation mm (inches)
72.0(2.83)
55.1(2.17)
50.9(2.00)
56.5(2.22)
61.0(2.40)
68.4(2.69)
65.8(2.59)
67.5(2.66)
68.2(2.69)
81.4(3.20)
78.7(3.10)
83.9(3.30)
809.3(31.86)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm)
12.8
10.6
10.0
10.6
10.2
10.0
9.7
10.5
10.0
12.3
13.3
12.7
132.5
Mean monthly sunshine hours
52.9
76.5
117.6
157.0
187.0
180.6
193.5
175.0
140.0
102.5
63.1
55.6
1,501.3
Source 1: Met Office
Source 2: Starlings Roost Weather
Month
Month
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
Month
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
Jan
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
Feb
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
Mar
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
Apr
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
May
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
Jun
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
Jul
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
Aug
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
Sep
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
Oct
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
Nov
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
Dec
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
Year
Record high °C (°F)
Record high °C (°F)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
Record high °C (°F)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
15.0(59.0)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
18.1(64.6)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
23.7(74.7)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
25.5(77.9)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
27.8(82.0)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
31.6(88.9)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
37.0(98.6)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
34.9(94.8)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
29.0(84.2)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
28.0(82.4)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
18.1(64.6)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
15.7(60.3)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
37.0(98.6)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
6.6(43.9)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
7.0(44.6)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
9.7(49.5)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
12.1(53.8)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
15.8(60.4)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
18.6(65.5)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
21.4(70.5)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
21.0(69.8)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
17.8(64.0)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
13.7(56.7)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
9.5(49.1)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
7.3(45.1)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
13.4(56.1)
Daily mean °C (°F)
Daily mean °C (°F)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
Daily mean °C (°F)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
3.9(39.0)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
4.0(39.2)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
6.1(43.0)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
7.8(46.0)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
11.0(51.8)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
13.9(57.0)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
16.5(61.7)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
16.1(61.0)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
13.5(56.3)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
10.0(50.0)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
6.5(43.7)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
4.7(40.5)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
9.5(49.1)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
1.1(34.0)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
0.9(33.6)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
2.4(36.3)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
3.5(38.3)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
6.2(43.2)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
9.2(48.6)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
11.5(52.7)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
11.2(52.2)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
9.1(48.4)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
6.3(43.3)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
3.4(38.1)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
2.0(35.6)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
5.5(41.9)
Record low °C (°F)
Record low °C (°F)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
Record low °C (°F)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
−20.8(−5.4)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
−15.0(5.0)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
−11.6(11.1)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
−6.6(20.1)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
−3.8(25.2)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
−0.8(30.6)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
1.2(34.2)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
2.2(36.0)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
−1.8(28.8)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
−6.8(19.8)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
−10.0(14.0)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
−18.5(−1.3)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
−20.8(−5.4)
Average precipitation mm (inches)
Average precipitation mm (inches)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
Average precipitation mm (inches)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
64.2(2.53)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
48.4(1.91)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
49.8(1.96)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
44.3(1.74)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
50.3(1.98)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
59.9(2.36)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
46.4(1.83)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
60.2(2.37)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
56.0(2.20)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
54.8(2.16)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
58.9(2.32)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
67.0(2.64)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
662.7(26.09)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
12.0
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
9.7
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
11.1
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
8.4
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
9.3
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
9.0
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
7.4
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
8.9
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
8.6
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
10.1
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
10.3
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
10.8
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
115.9
Average snowy days
Average snowy days
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
Average snowy days
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
6
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
6
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
4
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
1
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
0
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
0
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
0
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
0
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
0
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
0
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
1
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
4
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
24
Average relative humidity (%)
Average relative humidity (%)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
Average relative humidity (%)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
85
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
84
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
80
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
76
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
76
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
75
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
75
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
78
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
80
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
83
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
84
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
86
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
80
Average dew point °C (°F)
Average dew point °C (°F)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
Average dew point °C (°F)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
2(36)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
2(36)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
3(37)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
4(39)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
7(45)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
10(50)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
11(52)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
11(52)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
10(50)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
8(46)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
5(41)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
3(37)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
6(43)
Mean monthly sunshine hours
Mean monthly sunshine hours
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
Mean monthly sunshine hours
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
49.7
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
60.0
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
101.5
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
129.2
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
178.0
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
186.2
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
181.0
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
166.8
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
134.3
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
97.2
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
64.2
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
46.9
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
1,395
Source 1: KNMI NOAA (Relative humidity, snow days and sun 1961–1990)
Source 1: KNMI NOAA (Relative humidity, snow days and sun 1961–1990)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
Source 1: KNMI NOAA (Relative humidity, snow days and sun 1961–1990)
Source 2: Starlings Roost Weather Meteo Climat Time and Date: Dewpoints (1985–2015)
Source 2: Starlings Roost Weather Meteo Climat Time and Date: Dewpoints (1985–2015)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
Source 2: Starlings Roost Weather Meteo Climat Time and Date: Dewpoints (1985–2015)
Climate data for Birmingham (BHX), elevation: 99 m (325 ft), 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Record high °C (°F)
15.0(59.0)
18.1(64.6)
23.7(74.7)
25.5(77.9)
27.8(82.0)
31.6(88.9)
37.0(98.6)
34.9(94.8)
29.0(84.2)
28.0(82.4)
18.1(64.6)
15.7(60.3)
37.0(98.6)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
6.6(43.9)
7.0(44.6)
9.7(49.5)
12.1(53.8)
15.8(60.4)
18.6(65.5)
21.4(70.5)
21.0(69.8)
17.8(64.0)
13.7(56.7)
9.5(49.1)
7.3(45.1)
13.4(56.1)
Daily mean °C (°F)
3.9(39.0)
4.0(39.2)
6.1(43.0)
7.8(46.0)
11.0(51.8)
13.9(57.0)
16.5(61.7)
16.1(61.0)
13.5(56.3)
10.0(50.0)
6.5(43.7)
4.7(40.5)
9.5(49.1)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
1.1(34.0)
0.9(33.6)
2.4(36.3)
3.5(38.3)
6.2(43.2)
9.2(48.6)
11.5(52.7)
11.2(52.2)
9.1(48.4)
6.3(43.3)
3.4(38.1)
2.0(35.6)
5.5(41.9)
Record low °C (°F)
−20.8(−5.4)
−15.0(5.0)
−11.6(11.1)
−6.6(20.1)
−3.8(25.2)
−0.8(30.6)
1.2(34.2)
2.2(36.0)
−1.8(28.8)
−6.8(19.8)
−10.0(14.0)
−18.5(−1.3)
−20.8(−5.4)
Average precipitation mm (inches)
64.2(2.53)
48.4(1.91)
49.8(1.96)
44.3(1.74)
50.3(1.98)
59.9(2.36)
46.4(1.83)
60.2(2.37)
56.0(2.20)
54.8(2.16)
58.9(2.32)
67.0(2.64)
662.7(26.09)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm)
12.0
9.7
11.1
8.4
9.3
9.0
7.4
8.9
8.6
10.1
10.3
10.8
115.9
Average snowy days
6
6
4
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
4
24
Average relative humidity (%)
85
84
80
76
76
75
75
78
80
83
84
86
80
Average dew point °C (°F)
2(36)
2(36)
3(37)
4(39)
7(45)
10(50)
11(52)
11(52)
10(50)
8(46)
5(41)
3(37)
6(43)
Mean monthly sunshine hours
49.7
60.0
101.5
129.2
178.0
186.2
181.0
166.8
134.3
97.2
64.2
46.9
1,395
Source 1: KNMI NOAA (Relative humidity, snow days and sun 1961–1990)
Source 2: Starlings Roost Weather Meteo Climat Time and Date: Dewpoints (1985–2015)
Month
Month
Climate data for Birmingham
Month
Climate data for Birmingham
Jan
Climate data for Birmingham
Feb
Climate data for Birmingham
Mar
Climate data for Birmingham
Apr
Climate data for Birmingham
May
Climate data for Birmingham
Jun
Climate data for Birmingham
Jul
Climate data for Birmingham
Aug
Climate data for Birmingham
Sep
Climate data for Birmingham
Oct
Climate data for Birmingham
Nov
Climate data for Birmingham
Dec
Climate data for Birmingham
Year
Mean daily daylight hours
Mean daily daylight hours
Climate data for Birmingham
Mean daily daylight hours
Climate data for Birmingham
8.3
Climate data for Birmingham
9.9
Climate data for Birmingham
11.9
Climate data for Birmingham
14.0
Climate data for Birmingham
15.8
Climate data for Birmingham
16.7
Climate data for Birmingham
16.2
Climate data for Birmingham
14.6
Climate data for Birmingham
12.6
Climate data for Birmingham
10.6
Climate data for Birmingham
8.8
Climate data for Birmingham
7.8
Climate data for Birmingham
12.3
Average ultraviolet index
Average ultraviolet index
Climate data for Birmingham
Average ultraviolet index
Climate data for Birmingham
2
Climate data for Birmingham
2
Climate data for Birmingham
3
Climate data for Birmingham
3
Climate data for Birmingham
4
Climate data for Birmingham
4
Climate data for Birmingham
4
Climate data for Birmingham
4
Climate data for Birmingham
3
Climate data for Birmingham
3
Climate data for Birmingham
2
Climate data for Birmingham
2
Climate data for Birmingham
3
Source: Weather Atlas
Source: Weather Atlas
Climate data for Birmingham
Source: Weather Atlas
Climate data for Birmingham
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Mean daily daylight hours
8.3
9.9
11.9
14.0
15.8
16.7
16.2
14.6
12.6
10.6
8.8
7.8
12.3
Average ultraviolet index
2
2
3
3
4
4
4
4
3
3
2
2
3
Source: Weather Atlas
Nominal GVA for Birmingham 2010–2015. Note 2015 is provisional[197] · Economy
2010
2010
Year
2010
GVA (£ million)
20,795
Growth (%)
02.1%
2011
2011
Year
2011
GVA (£ million)
21,424
Growth (%)
03.0%
2012
2012
Year
2012
GVA (£ million)
21,762
Growth (%)
01.6%
2013
2013
Year
2013
GVA (£ million)
22,644
Growth (%)
04.1%
2014
2014
Year
2014
GVA (£ million)
23,583
Growth (%)
04.2%
2015
2015
Year
2015
GVA (£ million)
24,790
Growth (%)
05.2%
Year
GVA (£ million)
Growth (%)
2010
20,795
02.1%
2011
21,424
03.0%
2012
21,762
01.6%
2013
22,644
04.1%
2014
23,583
04.2%
2015
24,790
05.2%

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  2. Weather station is located 2 miles (3 km) from the Birmingham city centre.[citation needed]
  3. Weather station is located 7 miles (11 km) from the Birmingham city centre.[citation needed]
  4. Data calculated from raw monthly long term data for BHX.[citation needed]
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  179. Birmingham City University
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    https://web.archive.org/web/20110622071627/http://icbirmingham.icnetwork.co.uk/0100news/0100localnews/tm_objectid%3D14707141%26method%3Dfull%26siteid%3D50002%26headline%3Dnew-city-mosque-a-symbol-of-peace-name_page.htmlicBirmingham
  187. Birmingham Post
    https://web.archive.org/web/20140411021312/http://www.birminghampost.co.uk/all-about/colmore%20row
  188. Nomis-Official Labour Market Statistics
    http://www.nomisweb.co.uk/reports/lmp/la/1946157186/subreports/bres_compared/report.aspx?allInGB=yes&pivot=13&&sort=1&ascending=
  189. Nomis-Official Labour Market Statistics
    http://www.nomisweb.co.uk/reports/lmp/la/1946157186/subreports/bres_compared/report.aspx?allInGB=yes&pivot=12&&sort=1&ascending=
  190. birminghampost
    http://www.birminghampost.co.uk/business/commercial-property/new-plans-revealed-21-storey-13876109
  191. birminghampost
    http://www.birminghampost.co.uk/business/commercial-property/plans-revealed-24-storey-student-13801125
  192. "HS2 Plus – A report by David Higgins"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20140722165919/http://assets.hs2.org.uk/sites/default/files/inserts/Higgins%20Report%20-%20HS2%20Plus.pdf
  193. "Birmingham"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20131022105258/http://www.corecities.com/about-us/core-cities/birmingham
  194. Birmingham Post
    https://web.archive.org/web/20140706044030/http://www.birminghampost.co.uk/incoming/data-analysis-value-west-midlands-6289037
  195. "Birmingham's Jewellery Quarter"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20171113053614/http://www.craftsinstitute.com/making-jewellery/features/articles/features/birminghams-jewellery-quarter.aspx
  196. BBC News
    https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cgj8z926xj2o
  197. The Economist
    https://www.economist.com/blogs/blighty/2012/11/birmingham
  198. "New figures reveal regional entrepreneurial hotpots"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20140208022335/http://www.startupbritain.co/news/2014-01-26/new-figures-reveal-regional-entrepreneurial-hotspots
  199. Financial Times
    https://www.ft.com/content/f6081f66-bd94-11e6-8b45-b8b81dd5d080
  200. BBC News
    https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-25879681
  201. ons.gov.uk
    https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/grossvalueaddedgva/bulletins/regionalgrossvalueaddedincomeapproach/december2016
  202. "Cities Outlook 2014"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20140210182527/http://www.centreforcities.org/assets/files/2014/Cities_Outlook_2014.pdf
  203. Nomis – official labour market statistics
    http://www.nomisweb.co.uk/reports/lmp/la/1946157186/subreports/ea_compared/report.aspx?allInGB=yes&pivot=5&&sort=2&ascending=
  204. "English indices of deprivation 2010"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20130724161146/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/english-indices-of-deprivation-2010
  205. The Economist
    https://www.economist.com/news/britain/21565961-britains-largest-city-outside-london-falling-behind-it-case-study-effects
  206. www.nomisweb.co.uk
    http://www.nomisweb.co.uk/reports/lmp/la/1946157186/report.aspx?town=Birmingham#tabquals
  207. Birmingham Post
    https://web.archive.org/web/20140420031951/http://www.birminghampost.co.uk/news/regional-affairs/birmingham-ranked-alongside-rome-quality-6999479
  208. "Birmingham Big City Plan – Work in Progress"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20160629212344/http://www.birmingham.gov.uk/cs/Satellite?blobcol=urldata&blobheader=application%252Fpdf&blobheadername1=Content-Disposition&blobkey=id&blobtable=MungoBlobs&blobwhere=1223399886877&ssbinary=true&blobheadervalue1=attachment%253B%2Bfilename%253D36372BCC65a.pdf
  209. "UK Government creates 4 enterprise zones to help small businesses"
    https://archive.today/20120714023949/http://news.searchofficespace.com/sos-news/uk-government-create-4-enterprise-zones-to-help-small-businesses.html
  210. Property Investor Partnership
    https://web.archive.org/web/20190411081011/https://www.propertyip.net/news/where-to-invest-in-uk-property-2019/
  211. "Orchestra of the Swan"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20110915014515/http://www.abo.org.uk/Members-Directory/Full-Members/Member/?120
  212. "Birmingham Town Hall: The Organ"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20080611231917/http://www.birmingham.gov.uk/GenerateContent?CONTENT_ITEM_ID=37342&CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE=0&MENU_ID=126
  213. www.bbc.co.uk
    https://www.bbc.co.uk/birmingham/content/articles/2008/04/08/mie_birmingham_feature.shtml
  214. The City of Birmingham
    http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=22966
  215. "Calendar - Birmingham Jazz & Blues Festival"
    https://www.birminghamjazzfestival.com/calendar/
  216. Global Metal Music and Culture: Current Directions in Metal Studies
    https://books.google.com/books?id=EL_OCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA35
  217. "The Idle Race"
    https://www.allmusic.com/artist/the-idle-race-p18402/biography
  218. New Statesman
    http://www.newstatesman.com/arts-and-culture/2007/07/heavy-metal-music-black
  219. Encyclopedia of Diasporas: Immigrant and Refugee Cultures Around the World
    https://books.google.com/books?id=7QEjPVyd9YMC&pg=PA282
  220. International Journal of Punjab Studies
    https://web.archive.org/web/20131012051348/http://www.sohoroadtothepunjab.org/downloads/Cultural%20Production%20in%20British%20Bhangra.pdf
  221. Ranker
    https://www.ranker.com/list/birmingham-bands-and-musical-artists-from-here/music-lover
  222. "Birmingham Hippodrome"
    http://www.danceconsortium.com/venues/birmingham-hippodrome/
  223. The Birmingham Rep – A city's theatre 1962–2002
  224. "Birmingham Repertory Theatre Company"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20140204222151/http://www.artscouncil.org.uk/funding/browse-regularly-funded-organisations/npo/birmingham-repertory-theatre-company/
  225. The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2009/apr/08/dance-birmingham-royal-ballet
  226. "Specialist dance schools up to GCSE"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20120112112810/http://www.ballettrust.org.uk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=15:specialist-dance-schools-up-to-gcse&catid=2:information&Itemid=2
  227. "Birmingham Opera Company"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20111020164933/http://www.artscouncil.org.uk/rfo/birmingham-opera-company/
  228. The Opera Quarterly
    http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/opera_quarterly/v025/25.3-4.o-neill.pdf
  229. "Welsh National Opera"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20110919142709/http://www.artscouncil.org.uk/rfo/welsh-national-opera/
  230. Glee
    https://www.glee.co.uk/birmingham/comedy/
  231. www.theelectric.co.uk
    https://www.theelectric.co.uk/history.php
  232. birminghammail
    https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/whats-on/film-news/birminghams-electric-cinema-under-threat-8223237
  233. www.bbc.co.uk
    https://www.bbc.co.uk/birmingham/features/2004/03/electric_cinema.shtml
  234. birminghammail
    https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/news/midlands-news/birminghams-giant-screen-cinema-millennium-8408464
  235. Millennium Point
    https://web.archive.org/web/20180415001011/https://www.millenniumpoint.org.uk/Blog/giant-screen
  236. BBC News
    https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-birmingham-29074846
  237. bhamfilmfest
    https://www.birminghamfilmfestival.co.uk/
  238. Film Birmingham
    https://filmbirmingham.co.uk/about-film-birmingham/
  239. ThoughtCo
    https://www.thoughtco.com/washington-irving-biography-735849
  240. "About the Birmingham Poet Laureate"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20080609075008/http://www.birmingham.gov.uk/GenerateContent?CONTENT_ITEM_ID=23945&CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE=0&MENU_ID=5247
  241. Poetry Archive
    https://poetryarchive.org/poet/benjamin-zephaniah/
  242. Biography, Ch I, "Bloemfontein". At 9 Ashfield Road, King's Heath.
  243. "Birmingham Tolkien Trail"
    https://www.birmingham.gov.uk/downloads/file/9230/birmingham_tolkien_trail
  244. British Council
    https://literature.britishcouncil.org/writer/david-edgar
  245. "John Wyndham & H G Wells – Christopher Priest"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20190722220259/https://christopher-priest.co.uk/essays/contemporaries-portrayed/john-wyndham-h-g-wells
  246. Literary Heritage West Midlands
    https://web.archive.org/web/20100824081317/http://www3.shropshire-cc.gov.uk/birmingh.htm
  247. "Tindal Street Press Celebrates 10 Years"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20110719030756/http://www.booktrade.info/index.php/showarticle/23388
  248. A chronological history of the old English landscape painters, in oil, from the 16th century to the 19th century
    https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/499875203
  249. Phaidon Encyclopedia of Impressionism
  250. Pre-Raphaelite Birmingham
  251. Painting in Newlyn 1880–1930
  252. Surrealism in Britain
  253. Pop Art: A Continuing History
  254. Coventry Evening Telegraph
    https://archive.today/20120708223544/http://iccoventry.icnetwork.co.uk/0825lifestyle/cityliving/profile/tm_headline=picture-perfect&method=full&objectid=14036618&siteid=50002-name_page.html
  255. "The Turner Prize: Year by Year"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20111209165922/http://www.tate.org.uk/britain/turnerprize/history/yearbyyear.shtm
  256. "John Baskerville of Birmingham"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20071012100752/http://www.birmingham.gov.uk/GenerateContent?CONTENT_ITEM_ID=76113&CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE=0&MENU_ID=260
  257. "Ruskin pottery centenary exhibition"
    http://www.geffrye-museum.org.uk/_download/CCECMYVI.pdf
  258. "History of the Whistle"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20071012100044/http://drcdurham.ca/htm/history_of_the_whistle.htm
  259. The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/arts/critic/feature/0,1169,717532,00.html
  260. "Alec Issigonis, Automotive Designer (1906–1988)"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20070913154950/http://www.designmuseum.org/design/alec-issigonis
  261. Britain's Best Museums and Galleries: From the Greatest Collections to the Smallest Curiosities
  262. Johansens
    http://www.johansens.com/england/midlands/the-barber-institute-of-fine-arts
  263. Britain's Best Museums and Galleries: From the Greatest Collections to the Smallest Curiosities
  264. Birmingham Museums
    https://www.birminghammuseums.org.uk/about
  265. "Back to back in Birmingham"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20070930222433/http://www.birmingham.gov.uk/ELibrary?E_LIBRARY_ID=93&a=1157290087529
  266. Birmingham Museums
    https://www.birminghammuseums.org.uk/
  267. "The Smethwick Engine"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20110727072103/http://www.matthewboulton2009.org/index.php/gallery/33-the-smethwick-engine
  268. University of Birmingham
    https://www.birmingham.ac.uk/facilities/lapworth-museum/about/index.aspx
  269. "Nightlife in the City Centre"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20080610221029/http://www.birmingham.gov.uk/GenerateContent?CONTENT_ITEM_ID=24761&CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE=0&MENU_ID=12535
  270. "Birmingham's New Leisure Complex"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20071212014801/http://www.memonline.com/news8.html
  271. "History of St. Patrick's Day"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20080327033548/http://www.anysubject.com/st-patricks-day-history-of-st-patricks-day.asp
  272. Berkeley Group
    https://web.archive.org/web/20190905132411/https://www.berkeleygroup.co.uk/news-and-insights/news/2019/st-joseph-makes-a-splash
  273. Birmingham Mail
    https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/whats-on/whats-on-news/free-festival-street-food-dragon-14826783
  274. AnydayGuide
    https://anydayguide.com/festival/371-birmingham-st-patricks-day-parade
  275. Birmingham Mail
    https://web.archive.org/web/20080309192731/http://www.birminghammail.net/birmingham-blogs-views/birmingham-mail-columnists/the-stirrer/tm_method%3Dfull%26objectid%3D18192354%26siteid%3D50002-name_page.html
  276. educationUK.org
    https://web.archive.org/web/20160412062830/http://www.educationuk.org/global/articles/top-uk-lgbt-festivals-events-2016/
  277. Birmingham's Frankfurt Christmas Market
    https://www.thebfcm.co.uk/birminghams-frankfurt-christmas-market/
  278. Queens Heath Pride
    https://queensheathpride.com/
  279. BBC News
    https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cly887x27p0o
  280. Birmingham Living
    https://birmingham.livingmag.co.uk/birmingham-comedy-festival/
  281. "Christmas markets"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20090908041448/http://www.enjoyengland.com/attractions/events/calendar/december/christmas-markets.aspx
  282. "Another Record year for Frankfurt Christmas Market"
    http://www.birminghamnewsroom.com/?p=6019
  283. Birmingham Mail
    https://archive.today/20130221132814/http://www.birminghammail.net/news/top-stories/2012/07/27/birmingham-s-frankfurt-christmas-market-will-be-back-november-15-december-22-97319-31487142/
  284. BIDF
    https://bidf.co.uk/about-birmingham-international-dance-festival/
  285. What's On
    https://www.whatsonlive.co.uk/birmingham/interviews/mostly-jazz-funk-and-soul-festival-manager-chats-ahead-of-10th-anniversary/15592
  286. Birmingham Post
    https://web.archive.org/web/20120105233013/http://www.birminghampost.net/news/politics-news/2009/03/03/birmingham-council-set-to-give-green-light-to-digbeth-market-scheme-65233-23047367/
  287. Property Week
    http://www.propertyweek.com/story.asp?sectioncode=39&storycode=3144234
  288. www.greatbritishchefs.com
    https://www.greatbritishchefs.com/michelin-guide-results
  289. "Birmingham Breweries"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20080517144014/http://www.midlandspubs.co.uk/breweries/birmingham.htm
  290. "BID Broad Street"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20070930105529/http://www.broadstreetbid.com/flash/index.html
  291. "Taste of the Orient sweet for Wing Yip"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20080309190801/http://www.birminghampost.net/tm_objectid%3D16631720%26method%3Dfull%26siteid%3D50002%26headline%3Dtaste-of-the-orient-sweet-for-wing-yip-name_page.html
  292. "The Balti Experience"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20010208161119/http://www.birmingham.gov.uk/balti
  293. "Two Towers Brewery"
    http://twotowersbrewery.co.uk/
  294. www.loafonline.co.uk
    http://www.loafonline.co.uk/
  295. Visit Birmingham
    https://web.archive.org/web/20141011052338/http://visitbirmingham.com/what-to-do/birmingyum/buy/food-markets/
  296. Birmingham Mail
    http://www.birminghammail.co.uk/whats-on/food-drink-news/birmingham-three-times-lucky-british-7864193
  297. Birmingham Indoor Food Fair
    https://thebigsleuth.co.uk/get-healthy/
  298. Birmingham Post
    https://web.archive.org/web/20141010031504/http://www.birminghampost.co.uk/lifestyle/food-drink/food-drink-producers-gear-up-7650716
  299. "Mailbox Birmingham"
    https://mailboxlife.com/
  300. "Schedule of Nationally Listed Buildings of Historic Interest in Birmingham"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20070930235342/http://www.birmingham.gov.uk/ELibrary?E_LIBRARY_ID=75&a=1083070309470
  301. Birmingham City Council
    https://www.birmingham.gov.uk/info/20042/listed_buildings/38/what_is_a_locally_listed_building
  302. "The Lad in the Lane, Erdington"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20071222043422/http://www.pub-explorer.com/wmids/pub/ladinlaneerdington.htm
  303. "History of Kings Norton"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20080521222034/http://www.birmingham.gov.uk/GenerateContent?CONTENT_ITEM_ID=2474&CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE=0&MENU_ID=260
  304. Self-Help and Civic Culture: Citizenship in Victorian Birmingham
  305. "Birmingham's hidden jewel"
    https://www.bbc.co.uk/birmingham/content/articles/2007/04/05/st_chads_feature.shtml
  306. "Tower Block Modernism vs. Urban Morphology: An analysis of Lee Bank, Birmingham"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20080227084303/http://www.gees.bham.ac.uk/research/cpp/membersfiles/phil/leebankabstract.pdf
  307. "Aerial View of New Street Station 1963"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20080511152530/http://www.birmingham.gov.uk/GenerateContent?CONTENT_ITEM_ID=89806&CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE=0&MENU_ID=10277
  308. Quoted in Andy Foster, Birmingham, Yale University Press, London, p.197
  309. "Castle Vale"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20071012100538/http://www.birmingham.gov.uk/GenerateContent?CONTENT_ITEM_ID=19750&CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE=0&MENU_ID=1453
  310. "Awards"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20080531194606/http://www.future-systems.com/company/awards.html
  311. "Town Hall, Birmingham"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20091217134925/http://www.thsh.co.uk/page/town-hall-birmingham
  312. "Birmingham High Places document"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20080609045359/http://www.birmingham.gov.uk/GenerateContent?CONTENT_ITEM_ID=13971&CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE=0&MENU_ID=1453
  313. "Brummagem"
    http://www.worldwidewords.org/weirdwords/ww-bru2.htm
  314. An History of Birmingham
  315. "Canals in Birmingham"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20110514002530/http://www.birmingham.gov.uk/canals
  316. "Dad, are we nearly there yet?"
    https://www.bbc.co.uk/legacies/heritage/england/birmingham/article_1.shtml
  317. "List of longest bridges in the world"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20130207141446/http://www.cgeinfo.com/knowledge-base/list-of-longest-bridges-in-the-world/
  318. birmingham.gov.uk
    https://www.birmingham.gov.uk/info/20076/pollution/1763/a_clean_air_zone_for_birmingham/3
  319. Birmingham Airport
    https://www.birminghamairport.co.uk/media-information/news/2023/11/easyjet-to-open-birmingham-base-early-with-more-flights-on-sale/
  320. Birmingham Airport
    https://www.birminghamairport.co.uk/media-information/news/2022/03/jet2com-and-jet2holidays-celebrates-five-years-of-flying-from-birmingham-airport/
  321. Ryanair Corporate
    https://web.archive.org/web/20180714192943/https://corporate.ryanair.com/network/
  322. Tui Airways
    https://www.tuiholidays.ie/flight/timetable
  323. The Independent
    http://web.archive.org/web/20230309002818/https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/news-and-advice/flybe-airline-heathrow-birmingham-belfast-b2041938.html
  324. "Scheduled Timetable"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20101202032909/http://www.birminghamairport.co.uk/~/media/Files/Pdfs/global/timetables/scheduled-timetable.ashx
  325. Network Rail Media Centre
    https://www.networkrailmediacentre.co.uk/news/birmingham-new-street-climbs-busiest-station-national-rankings-to-fifth-place
  326. "West Midlands Travel Trends 2017"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20220216150458/https://corporate.tfwm.org.uk/media/2857/wm-travel-trends-2017.pdf
  327. "Council support for Midland Metro expansion follows outcome of Birmingham underground study"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20070831041630/http://centro.journalistpresslounge.com/centro/news/index.cfm/fuseaction/details/id/2F2640E8-1109-B563-070D7BCF5BCAB3CB/cnt/1/ref/main/type/News%20releases/ses/1.cfm
  328. www.railtechnologymagazine.com
    https://www.railtechnologymagazine.com/Rail-News/the-west-midlands-30-year-strategy
  329. "Estimates of Station Usage 2012/13"
    http://orr.gov.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/10786/station-usage-2012-13.pdf
  330. "Routes"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20130519133010/http://www.crosscountrytrains.co.uk/tickets-timetables/routes
  331. "Our routes & stations"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20130515045638/http://www.virgintrains.co.uk/routes-stations/
  332. "Our routes"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20130810192838/http://www.chilternrailways.co.uk/sites/default/files/CR100901P%20Route%20Map%20%288a%29.pdf
  333. Department for Transport
    https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/879445/full-business-case-hs2-phase-one.pdf
  334. "Birmingham Eastside Metro Extension – Midland Metro Alliance"
    https://metroalliance.co.uk/projects/birmingham-eastside-extension/
  335. "Wednesbury To Brierley Hill Metro Extension – Midland Metro Alliance"
    https://metroalliance.co.uk/projects/wednesbury-to-brierley-hill-extension/
  336. Transport for West Midlands
    https://www.tfwm.org.uk/media/povpxd5t/strategic-vision-for-bus.pdf
  337. TfWM
    https://journeyplanner.wmnetwork.co.uk/operator
  338. bustimes.org
    https://bustimes.org/services/11a-birmingham-outer-circle-anticlockwise
  339. bustimes.org
    https://bustimes.org/services/11c-birmingham-outer-circle-clockwise-2
  340. "The amazing number 11 bus"
    https://www.bbc.co.uk/birmingham/content/articles/2005/06/27/number_11_bus_feature.shtml
  341. "Route 11 Bus Showcase"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20081208133513/http://www.birmingham.gov.uk/GenerateContent?CONTENT_ITEM_ID=61780&CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE=9&MENU_ID=276&CONTENT_TITLE=Route%2011%20Bus%20Showcase
  342. Mobico Group
    https://www.mobicogroup.com/contact-us/
  343. Mobico Group
    https://www.mobicogroup.com/about-us/our-businesses/uk-ireland/
  344. Flixbus
    https://www.flixbus.co.uk/coach/birmingham
  345. Megabus
    https://uk.megabus.com/city-guides/birmingham
  346. micromobilitybiz
    https://micromobilitybiz.com/west-midlands-cycle-hire-scheme-launches-in-birmingham/
  347. Long-term Benefits and Performance of Dams: Proceedings of the 13th Conference of the British Dam Society
    https://books.google.com/books?id=tZyjmzy4RhkC&pg=PA6
  348. Express & Star
    https://www.expressandstar.com/entertainment/2015/10/20/the-regeneration-of-birminghams-canalside/
  349. Designing the Urban Renaissance: Sustainable and competitive place making in England
    https://books.google.com/books?id=6ymMEsu9CPYC&pg=PA91
  350. Remaking Birmingham: The Visual Culture of Urban Regeneration
    https://books.google.com/books?id=3u5THLySefwC&pg=PA78
  351. birmingham.gov.uk
    https://web.archive.org/web/20110208191443/http://www.birmingham.gov.uk/cs/Satellite?c=Page&childpagename=SystemAdmin%2FCFPageLayout&cid=1223092631015&packedargs=website%3D4&pagename=BCC%2FCommon%2FWrapper%2FCFWrapper&rendermode=live
  352. "The Open University in the West Midlands"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20121210010021/http://www3.open.ac.uk/contact/details.aspx?contactid=4
  353. 2011 Census, Key Statistics and Quick Statistics for local authorities in the United Kingdom – Part 2
    http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-and-quick-statistics-for-local-authorities-in-the-united-kingdom---part-2/rft-ks501uk.xls
  354. "University Challenge: Growing the Knowledge Economy in Birmingham"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20131111215357/http://www.centreforcities.org/assets/files/09-12-17%20Birmingham%20University%20Challenge.pdf
  355. University of Birmingham
    https://www.birmingham.ac.uk/university/fact/league-tables/interleague.aspx
  356. The Independent
    https://www.independent.co.uk/student/postgraduate/business-schools/birmingham-business-school-1206244.html
  357. EducationGuardian.co.uk
    https://web.archive.org/web/20110716160108/http://guardian.uk.studylink.com/display/provider/provider-info.html?pid=pid-si-20-ast
  358. "Preparing Yourself"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20160304123019/http://www.comefollowme.org.uk/vocations/priesthood/preparing.html
  359. "Courses and Retreats"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20160122041003/http://www.ealingquakers.org.uk/courses___retreats.html
  360. "Sutton Coldfield College"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20090322022536/http://www.sutcol.ac.uk/
  361. "Our Campuses"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20140407101535/http://www.bmetc.ac.uk/about-us/campuses
  362. "Campuses"
    http://www.sccb.ac.uk/about-us/campuses
  363. "The College"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20140326083541/http://www.bournville.ac.uk/the-college/
  364. "About Us"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20140407095308/http://fircroft.ac.uk/about-us
  365. "The College"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20140407085908/http://www.qac.ac.uk/college.htm
  366. "Birmingham City Council Primary and Secondary"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20050910123350/http://bgfl.org/services/nqt/primsec.htm
  367. "Birmingham City Council Special Needs Schools"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20051127123847/http://bgfl.org/services/nqt/sen.htm
  368. "Birmingham Adult Education Service"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20081010173416/http://www.birmingham.gov.uk/adulteducation
  369. kingedwardvifoundation.co.uk
    https://kingedwardvifoundation.co.uk/registering-for-the-entrance-test/
  370. King Edward's School
    https://kes.org.uk/about-us/history-of-the-school/
  371. The Tolkien Society
    https://www.tolkiensociety.org/author/biography/
  372. A History of Bishop Vesey's Grammar School – The First 375 Years (1527–1902)
  373. VisitEngland
    https://www.visitengland.com/experience/visit-europes-largest-library
  374. www.birmingham.gov.uk
    https://www.birmingham.gov.uk/info/50132/visiting_the_library_of_birmingham
  375. BBC News
    https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-15180978
  376. "Designated Library Status for Central Library"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20121110124954/http://birmingham.gov.uk/cs/Satellite/designatedcollections?packedargs=website%3D4&rendermode=live
  377. HughPearman.com
    https://web.archive.org/web/20181004142908/http://hughpearman.com/library-birmingham-2/
  378. SpecFinish
    http://www.specfinish.co.uk/product-news/linder-and-prater-complete-on-new-birmingham-library/
  379. The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/books/2009/apr/03/libraries-architecture-birmingham
  380. The British Library in London is larger, but is only open to the public by appointment
  381. "Library of Birmingham on BBC Radio 4"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20121028153421/http://www.mecanoo.nl/tabid/217/DetailId/353/Library-of-Birmingham-on-BBC-Radio-4.aspx?img=newsletter
  382. BBC Online
    https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-birmingham-23814424
  383. "ALVA"
    http://alva.org.uk/details.cfm?p=423
  384. "Birmingham Mobile Library Service"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20100324200749/http://www.birmingham.gov.uk/mobilelibrary
  385. "Facts about Birmingham Library Service"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20080609080413/http://www.birmingham.gov.uk/GenerateContent?CONTENT_ITEM_ID=1787&CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE=0&MENU_ID=5255
  386. www.birmingham.gov.uk
    https://www.birmingham.gov.uk/libraries
  387. "Recorded crime >> Total recorded offences >> 2009–10"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20100415180307/http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/ia/atlas.html
  388. www.wmfs.net
    https://www.wmfs.net/
  389. www.uhb.nhs.uk
    https://www.uhb.nhs.uk/services/critical-care/#:~:text=Queen%20Elizabeth%20Hospital%20Birmingham,-Critical%20Care%20is&text=The%20unit%20at%20QEHB%20is,,%20B,%20C%20and%20D.
  390. BBC News
    https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10317818
  391. "Military care in the NHS"
    http://www.nhs.uk/Livewell/Militarymedicine/Pages/RCDM.aspx
  392. "Major John Hall-Edwards"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20120928204852/http://www.birmingham.gov.uk/xray
  393. International Engineering Congress 1901: Glasgow. Report of the Proceedings and Abstracts of the Papers Read
    https://web.archive.org/web/20160817133518/http://www.ebooksread.com/authors-eng/international-engineering-congress-1901--glasgow/report-of-the-proceedings-and-abstracts-of-the-papers-read-hci/page-23-report-of-the-proceedings-and-abstracts-of-the-papers-read-hci.shtml
  394. "Powys Digital History Project: Elan Valley Dams"
    http://history.powys.org.uk/history/rhayader/aqueduct1.html
  395. "Veolia: Energy recovery"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20120317230706/http://www.veoliaenvironmentalservices.co.uk/Birmingham/Facilities/Energy-recovery/
  396. "Friends of the Earth news article: Birminghams big burner"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20131124102501/http://www.birminghamfoe.org.uk/waste-recycling-news/birmingham-s-big-burner
  397. "History of the Football League"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20090209043226/http://www.football-league.co.uk/page/History/HistoryDetail/0%2C%2C10794~1357277%2C00.html
  398. "Lawn Tennis and Major T. H. Gem"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20080209134422/http://www.birminghamcivicsociety.org.uk/lawntennis.htm
  399. Country Life
    http://www.countrylife.co.uk/news/culture/article/79487/The_True_Home_of_Tennis.html
  400. First in the field: the history of the world's first cricket league: the Birmingham and District Cricket League, formed 1888
  401. "ICC Women's World Cup Qualifier schedule"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20080402102254/http://www.icc-europe.org/DATABASE/ARTICLES/articles/000035/003593.shtml
  402. "Birmingham – We love our sport"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20080608151649/http://www.marketingbirmingham.com/media_office/fun_facts/fun_facts_sport/
  403. Parliamentary Affairs
    https://web.archive.org/web/20120525190146/http://pa.oxfordjournals.org/content/47/3/338.full.pdf+html
  404. The Olympic games: a social science perspective
    https://books.google.com/books?id=ywy9aslk3M8C&pg=PA223
  405. FootballDerbies.com
    http://www.footballderbies.com/honours/index.php?id=27
  406. "Edgbaston at the cutting edge"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20111008005922/http://ecb.co.uk/news/england/edgbaston%2C4190%2CBA.html
  407. "Alumni – Brian Lara"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20071204030409/http://www.thebears.co.uk/history/alumni/brianlara.shtml
  408. "Moseley Rugby"
    https://moseleyrugby.co.uk/
  409. "Birmingham & Solihull"
    https://www.beesrugby.com/
  410. "Birmingham Bulldogs"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20200726232108/https://www.birminghambulldogs.co.uk/
  411. "Birmingham Baseball Club"
    https://www.birminghambaseball.co.uk/
  412. "Contact the PGA"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20110902083242/http://www.pga.info/TheProfessionalGolfersAssociation/26363077.htm
  413. Golf Monthly
    https://web.archive.org/web/20120326121008/http://www.golf-monthly.co.uk/travel/uk/251753/england-birmingham.html
  414. "Forest of Arden Country Club: Golf offerings and general information"
    http://www.marriottgolf.com/leisure/golf-courses/forest-of-arden-country-club/default.jsp?loc=IM59*1-1LK67J
  415. Sony Ericsson WTA Tour – Official Site of Women's Professional Tennis
    https://web.archive.org/web/20101110011431/http://www.wtatour.com/page/Calendar/0%2C%2C12781%2C00.html
  416. Birmingham Post
    https://web.archive.org/web/20100908141631/http://www.birminghampost.net/news/west-midlands-news/2010/06/03/edgbaston-priory-tennis-club-planning-multi-million-pound-transformation-65233-26579605/
  417. "Find us"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20170529220821/http://www.uka.org.uk/governance/find-us/
  418. "Samsung Diamond League Calendar of Events"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20110907112207/http://www.diamondleague.com/en/Event-Calendar/
  419. "Permit Events"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20111027110335/http://iaaf.org/WIM10/results/index.html
  420. "All England Open Badminton Championship"
    https://www.allenglandbadminton.com/championship-info/#
  421. www.topendsports.com
    https://www.topendsports.com/events/commonwealth-games/hosts/index.htm
  422. Birmingham City Council
    https://www.bebirmingham.co.uk/
  423. GOV.UK
    https://www.gov.uk/government/news/birmingham-2022-commonwealth-games-contributed-12-billion-to-uk-economy
  424. www.birmingham.gov.uk
    https://www.birmingham.gov.uk/info/20179/news_and_media
  425. www.birmingham.gov.uk
    http://web.archive.org/web/20141123204813/http://www.birmingham.gov.uk:80/newspapers
  426. "The Electric Cinema website"
    http://www.theelectric.co.uk/
  427. Remaking Birmingham: The Visual Culture of Urban Regeneration
    https://archive.org/details/remakingbirmingh00kenn
  428. "About Us – Information about BBC English Regions"
    https://www.bbc.co.uk/england/about.shtml
  429. "Lights, campus, action for BBC Birmingham's Television Drama Village"
    https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2005/05_may/09/drama_village.shtml
  430. "Ever Decreasing Circles"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20080506154335/http://www.transdiffusion.org/emc/studioone/circles.php
  431. BBC News
    https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/6124558.stm
  432. Birmingham Live
    https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/whats-on/whats-on-news/joe-lycetts-channel-4-show-26583927
  433. Express.co.uk
    https://www.express.co.uk/showbiz/tv-radio/1964901/bbc-man-like-mobeen-axed-season-5
  434. "Partner Cities"
    https://distinctlybirmingham.com/partner-cities/
  435. "Partner Cities of Lyon and Greater Lyon"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20090719003816/http://www.lyon.fr/vdl/sections/en/villes_partenaires/villes_partenaires_2/?aIndex=1
  436. Archant Community Media Ltd
    https://web.archive.org/web/20130705094933/http://www.completefrance.com/language-culture/twin-towns
  437. www.frankfurt.de
    https://web.archive.org/web/20071107080201/http://www.frankfurt.de/sixcms/detail.php?id=502645
  438. "Birmingham looks at twin city Zaporizhzhia as Ukraine celebrates Independence Day"
    https://www.birmingham.gov.uk/news/article/1179/birmingham_looks_at_twin_city_zaporizhzhia_as_ukraine_celebrates_independence_day
  439. "Milano – Città Gemellate"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20140410020744/http://www.comune.milano.it/portale/wps/portal/CDM?WCM_GLOBAL_CONTEXT=%2Fwps%2Fwcm%2Fconnect%2FContentLibrary%2FIn%20Comune%2FIn%20Comune%2FCitt%20Gemellate
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