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Beslan school siege

Updated: 12/10/2025, 10:50:28 AM Wikipedia source

The Beslan school siege, also referred to as the Beslan school hostage crisis or the Beslan massacre, was a terrorist attack that occurred from 1 September 2004 to 3 September 2004. It lasted three days, and involved the imprisonment of more than 1,100 people as hostages, including 777 children, ending with the deaths of 334 people, 186 of them children, as well as 31 of the attackers. It is considered the deadliest school shooting in history. The crisis began when a group of armed terrorists occupied School Number One (SNO) in the town of Beslan, North Ossetia (an autonomous republic in the North Caucasus region of Russia), on 1 September 2004. The hostage-takers were members of the Riyad-us Saliheen, sent by the Chechen warlord Shamil Basayev, who demanded Russia withdraw from and recognize the independence of Chechnya. On the third day of the standoff, Russian security forces stormed the building. The event had security and political repercussions in Russia, leading to a series of federal government reforms consolidating power in the Kremlin and strengthening the powers of the President of Russia. Criticisms of the Russian government's management of the crisis have persisted, including allegations of disinformation and censorship in news media as well as questions about journalistic freedom, negotiations with the terrorists, allocation of responsibility for the eventual outcome and the use of excessive force.

Infobox

Location
mw- 43°11′3″N 44°32′27″E / 43.18417°N 44.54083°E / 43.18417; 44.54083Beslan, North Ossetia–Alania, Russia
Date
1–3 September 2004 (UTC 3)
Target
School No. 1,Beslan
Attack type
Mass murder, suicide bombing, siege, shootout, mass shooting
Weapons
Assault rifles, suicide belts
Deaths
At least 334 (excluding 31 terrorists)
Injured
800
Perpetrators
Riyad-us Saliheen Brigade
No. of participants
32
Motive
See Motives and demands

Tables

· Casualties
Children aged 1 to 17
Children aged 1 to 17
Category of fatality
Children aged 1 to 17
Number of fatalities
186
Parents, friends and other guests
Parents, friends and other guests
Category of fatality
Parents, friends and other guests
Number of fatalities
112
Teachers and school staff
Teachers and school staff
Category of fatality
Teachers and school staff
Number of fatalities
17
FSB employees
FSB employees
Category of fatality
FSB employees
Number of fatalities
10
Civilian rescuers
Civilian rescuers
Category of fatality
Civilian rescuers
Number of fatalities
6
Employees of MoES
Employees of MoES
Category of fatality
Employees of MoES
Number of fatalities
2
Employees of MoIA
Employees of MoIA
Category of fatality
Employees of MoIA
Number of fatalities
1
Total
Total
Category of fatality
Total
Number of fatalities
334
Category of fatality
Number of fatalities
Children aged 1 to 17
186
Parents, friends and other guests
112
Teachers and school staff
17
FSB employees
10
Civilian rescuers
6
Employees of MoES
2
Employees of MoIA
1
Total
334

References

  1. Also spelled Khochubarov
  2. Not to be confused with the head of the Beslan administration in 2004, also named Vladimir Khodov.
  3. Also spelled Magomet
  4. Also spelled Mairbek Shebikhanov
  5. Also spelled Isa Torshkhoev
  6. Also spelled Bay Ala
  7. Also spelled Tsokiev
  8. Also spelled Maryam
  9. These allegations are discussed in more detail elsewhere in this article.
  10. After the crisis, Dzugayev was promoted and a made minister for culture and mass communications of the republic.
  11. President Zyazikov of Ingushetia was forced to resign in 2008 but for unrelated reasons: the death of oppositionist jour
  12. The Boston Globe
    https://web.archive.org/web/20071017001115/http://www.boston.com/news/world/europe/articles/2006/12/08/woman_injured_in_2004_russian_siege_dies/
  13. Beslan mothers' futile quest for relief, BBC News, 4 June 2005.
    https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4608785.stm
  14. Beslan School Massacre One Year Later Archived 13 October 2008 at the Wayback Machine, U.S. Department of State, 31 Augu
    http://moscow.usembassy.gov/transcript-17.html
  15. Putin's legacy is a massacre, say the mothers of Beslan, The Independent, 26 February 2008.
    https://www.independent.co.uk/news/europe/putins-legacy-is-a-massacre-say-the-mothers-of-beslan-787280.html
  16. 31 August 2006: Beslan – Two Years On, UNICEF
    https://web.archive.org/web/20090404112922/http://www.unicef.org/russia/media_4875.html
  17. BBC News
    https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4207112.stm
  18. The Moscow Times
    https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2021/09/01/russian-schoolchildren-return-to-school-on-day-of-knowledge-a74945
  19. Chechnya Vow Cast a Long Shadow The Moscow Times, 26 February 2008.
    https://web.archive.org/web/20120106032623/http://www.themoscowtimes.com/article/chechnya-vow-cast-a-long-shadow/356028.html
  20. Russia 'impeded media' in Beslan, BBC News, 16 September 2004.
    https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3662124.stm
  21. www.hudson.org
    https://www.hudson.org/node/32350
  22. Aching to Know, Los Angeles Times, 27 August 2005.
    https://web.archive.org/web/20210411165053/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2005-aug-27-fg-beslan27-story.html
  23. Beslan's unanswered questions Archived 14 June 2006 at the Wayback Machine, International Herald Tribune, 30 May 2006.
    http://www.iht.com/articles/2006/05/30/opinion/edaslan.php
  24. Beslan siege still a mystery, BBC News, 2 September 2005.
    https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4205208.stm
  25. The Boston Globe
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  26. Insurgents seize school in Russia and hold scores Archived 6 June 2020 at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, 2 Sep
    https://www.nytimes.com/2004/09/02/world/europe/insurgents-seize-school-in-russia-and-hold-scores.html?pagewanted=2
  27. When hell came calling at Beslan's School No 1 Archived 26 July 2020 at the Wayback Machine, The Guardian, 5 September 2
    https://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/sep/05/russia.chechnya
  28. Kulaev trial further erodes official version of Beslan Archived 29 September 2013 at the Wayback Machine, The Jamestown
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  29. Beslan still a raw nerve for Russia, BBC News, 1 September 2006.
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  30. The 2002 Dubrovka and 2004 Beslan Hostage Crises: A Critique of Russian Counter-Terrorism, Prospect, July 2006.
    https://web.archive.org/web/20081228051450/http://www.prospect-magazine.co.uk/article_details.php?id=7575
  31. "Mr. John and the Day of Knowledge"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20061003160656/http://www.peacecorps.gov/wws/stories/stories.cfm?psid=166&sid=2
  32. St. Petersburg in Pictures: The First of September – the Day of Knowledge Archived 28 September 2007 at the Wayback Mach
    http://petersburgcity.com/city/photos/holidays/1september/
  33. Officials evade responsibility as death toll remains in doubt, The Jamestown Foundation, 6 October 2004.
    https://web.archive.org/web/20120910131207/http://www.jamestown.org/programs/nca/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D%3D2032%26tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D%3D186%26no_cache%3D1#91;tt_news%5D=2032&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=186&no_cache=1
  34. Beslan: The Tragedy of School No. 1 ISBN 978-1-862-07993-9 p. 23
  35. Storm Warnings // Relatives of the Hostages Swear They Won’t Let the Special Forces into the School Archived 3 January 2
    http://www.kommersant.com/p502645/r_1/Storm_Warnings/
  36. Our Native Wiesenthal, The Moscow Times, 9 January 2008.
    https://web.archive.org/web/20090103011222/http://www.themoscowtimes.com/stories/2008/01/09/007.html
  37. The Daily Telegraph
    https://web.archive.org/web/20060721081627/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fnews%2F2004%2F09%2F05%2Fwosse105.xml
  38. Attackers storm Russian school, BBC News, 1 September 2004.
    https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3616868.stm
  39. How Beslan is coping one year on Archived 30 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine, The Independent, 10 September 2007.
    http://news.independent.co.uk/europe/article309416.ece
  40. Prosecutors clear authorities in Russian school siege Archived 23 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine, USA Today, 27 Decemb
    https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2005-12-27-school-siege_x.htm
  41. The St. Petersburg Times
    https://web.archive.org/web/20060519085616/http://www.sptimes.ru/index.php?action_id=2&story_id=15341
  42. Esquire
    https://web.archive.org/web/20061111035701/http://www.esquire.com/features/articles/2006/060610_mfe_June_06_School_4.html
  43. Russians are Coming Archived 22 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Kommersant, 9 September 2004.
    http://www.commersant.com/p-1753/r_500/Russians_are_Coming/
  44. "Government snipers triggered Beslan bloodbath, court told"
    https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/government-snipers-triggered-beslan-bloodbath-court-told-1.568416
  45. New Video Of Beslan School Terror Archived 11 August 2024 at the Wayback Machine, CBS, 21 January 2005.
    https://www.cbsnews.com/news/new-video-of-beslan-school-terror/
  46. School Is Symbol of Death for Haunted Children of Beslan Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, The Washington Po
    https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/08/27/AR2005082701157_pf.html
  47. "The insurgents, who have taken a school in Beslan, have shot fifteen hostages"
    http://www.utro.ru/news/2004/09/02/346560.shtml
  48. Los Angeles Times/Pulitzer Prize
    https://www.latimes.com/nation/la-kmurphy090304_latpul-story.html
  49. Hostages murder detailed report Archived 28 September 2004 at the Wayback Machine, Caucasus Times, 2 September 2004.
    http://www.caucasustimes.com/article.asp?id=3849
  50. NEWSru.com
    https://web.archive.org/web/20071018161019/http://newsru.com/russia/17Sep2004/story_print.html
  51. Defenseless Targets, Time, 5 September 2004.
    https://web.archive.org/web/20080206214443/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,692846-1,00.html
  52. For Russians, Wounds Linger in School Siege Archived 4 January 2015 at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, 26 Augus
    https://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/26/international/europe/26beslan.html
  53. The Beslan Massacre: `Accidental' bomb blast was trigger for, Independent on Sunday, 5 September 2004.
    https://web.archive.org/web/20090103173528/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4159/is_20040905/ai_n12759334
  54. "Communication Breakdown", Time, 12 September 2004.
    https://web.archive.org/web/20090501201032/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,695816,00.html
  55. "Beslan terrorists confused Roshal with Rushailo"
    http://news.rin.ru/eng/news_text/278/
  56. Marina Litvinovich
    http://www.pravdabeslana.ru/truth.htm
  57. "Security Council, in presidential statement, condemns hostage-taking"
    https://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2004/sc8179.doc.htm
  58. Talks begin in school siege drama, BBC News, 2 September 2004.
    https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3619610.stm
  59. "The Security Organs of the Russian Federation (Part IV)"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20081016073713/http://www.psan.org/document521.html
  60. Report: Beslan HQ Was Run by Others Archived 29 August 2007 at the Wayback Machine, The St. Petersburg Times, 19 April 2
    http://www.sptimes.ru/index.php?action_id=2&story_id=3309
  61. Novaya Gazeta
    https://web.archive.org/web/20070929133729/http://www.novayagazeta.ru/data/2004/65/00.html
  62. Novaya Gazeta
    https://web.archive.org/web/20070929111626/http://www.novayagazeta.ru/data/2004/77/14.html
  63. The Washington Post
    https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A60411-2004Sep3.html
  64. Russia: Recounting The Beslan Hostage Siege – A Chronology Archived 6 July 2008 at the Wayback Machine, Radio Free Europ
    http://www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2004/09/94e355d2-b747-4ee3-ab9d-28a2cbe53429.html
  65. CBS News
    https://www.cbsnews.com/news/new-video-of-beslan-school-terror/
  66. Beslan mothers tell Putin: stay away Archived 17 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine, The Times, 28 August 2005.
    http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/article559816.ece
  67. The St. Petersburg Times
    https://web.archive.org/web/20070928003324/http://www.sptimes.ru/story/1546
  68. BBC News
    https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3621856.stm
  69. MARK MacKINNON uncovers the true story of the gruesome hostage-taking at Beslan. Archived 22 February 2017 at the Waybac
    http://www.markmackinnon.ca/dispatches_beslan.html
  70. "Drug addiction among the Beslan terrorists"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20041029080946/http://newsfromrussia.com/world/2004/10/19/56680.html
  71. The Independent
    https://web.archive.org/web/20081216160409/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/beslan-hostagetakers-were-on-drugs-535298.html
  72. Zakayev Was Asked to Assist in Negotiations at the School Archived 27 March 2007 at the Wayback Machine, The Moscow Time
    http://www.themoscowtimes.com/stories/2004/09/06/014.html
  73. New details emerge on Maskhadov's bid to mediate in Beslan, The Jamestown Foundation, 6 January 2006.
    https://web.archive.org/web/20120910131227/http://www.jamestown.org/programs/nca/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D%3D3112%26tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D%3D188%26no_cache%3D1#91;tt_news%5D=3112&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=188&no_cache=1
  74. Documents suggest the feds were in charge in Beslan, The Jamestown Foundation, 20 April 2005.
    https://web.archive.org/web/20120910131244/http://www.jamestown.org/programs/nca/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D%3D2865%26tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D%3D187%26no_cache%3D1#91;tt_news%5D=2865&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=187&no_cache=1
  75. Who Should We Kill Now, Zarema? Archived 3 January 2009 at the Wayback Machine, Kommersant, 24 December 2005.
    http://www.kommersant.com/p638055/r_1/Who_Should_We_Kill_Now_Zarema?/
  76. Critics Detail Missteps in School Crisis, The New York Times, 17 September 2004.
    https://web.archive.org/web/20081225013256/http://fairuse.1accesshost.com/news2/latimes298.html
  77. Who's To Blame for Beslan? Archived 28 January 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Slate, 22 July 2005.
    http://www.slate.com/id/2123116
  78. Russian Report Faults Rescue Efforts in Beslan Archived 12 March 2024 at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, 29 Nov
    https://www.nytimes.com/2005/11/29/international/europe/29cnd-russia.html
  79. Kesayev Report Points a Finger in Beslan Archived 17 August 2007 at the Wayback Machine, The St. Petersburg Times, 9 Dec
    http://www.sptimes.ru/index.php?action_id=2&story_id=16329
  80. "Беслан: 10 лет после теракта"
    https://www.novayagazeta.ru/inquests/65063.html
  81. The Christian Science Monitor
    https://www.csmonitor.com/2006/0901/p07s01-woeu.html
  82. Russia: Independent Beslan Investigation Sparks Controversy Archived 29 August 2006 at the Wayback Machine, The Jamestow
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  83. BBC News
    https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/5294548.stm
  84. Sunday Herald
    https://web.archive.org/web/20070930033615/http://www.sundayherald.com/international/shinternational/display.var.1185416.0.0.php
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    http://www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2007/01/7E7550CC-9EA5-43C4-973F-F2CDE65514B9.html
  86. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/23/world/europe/23beslan.html?ex=1324530000&en=a84fe5fbaabab7af&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss
  87. CNN
    https://edition.cnn.com/2013/09/09/europe/beslan-school-siege-fast-facts/index.html
  88. "The Whole World Is Crying", Time, 12 September 2004.
    https://web.archive.org/web/20091222155557/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,901040920-695815,00.html
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    https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/russian-military-politicians-handled-beslan-siege-poorly-inquiry-head-1.550793
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    https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/4117149.stm
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    https://web.archive.org/web/20090105021010/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4159/is_20041024/ai_n12762716
  93. The Sydney Morning Herald
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  98. Tanks that fired in Beslan were under FSB command, The Jamestown Foundation, 23 November 2005.
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  100. KULAEV TRIAL PROVIDES NEW BESLAN DETAILS, The Jamestown Foundation (North Caucasus Weekly), 16 June 2005.
    https://web.archive.org/web/20120910131301/http://www.jamestown.org/programs/nca/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D%3D2929%26tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D%3D187%26no_cache%3D1#91;tt_news%5D=2929&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=187&no_cache=1
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    https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/3642232.stm
  103. "I" Хронология террористического акта в СОШ № 1 г. Беслана Республики Северная Осетия-Алания
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  104. Beslan Militant Calms Down Victims Archived 3 January 2009 at the Wayback Machine, Kommersant, 17 August 2005.
    http://www.kommersant.com/page.asp?idr=534&id=601621
  105. Beslan residents lynch disguised terrorist Archived 5 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine, Pravda, 10 September 2004.
    http://english.pravda.ru/news/russia/03-09-2004/59004-0/
  106. The Independent
    https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/surviving-beslan-hostagetaker-jailed-for-life-479869.html
  107. Timeline: the Beslan school siege Archived 12 March 2024 at the Wayback Machine, The Guardian, 6 September 2004.
    https://www.theguardian.com/russia/article/0,,1296826,00.html
  108. More Than 200 Bodies Recovered From Russian School Archived 20 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine, San Diego News, 3 Septem
    https://www.10news.com/news/3706697/detail.html
  109. Beslan's Hospital Shocked Doctors and Putin Archived 23 December 2007 at the Wayback Machine, The Moscow Times, 20 Decem
    http://www.moscowtimes.ru/stories/2007/12/20/003.html
  110. BBC News
    https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/3631286.stm
  111. Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe
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    http://www.online-translator.com/url/tran_url.asp?lang=en&direction=re&autotranslate=on&transliterate=on&cp1=koi8-r&url=http%3A%2F%2Fgazeta.ru%2F2004%2F09%2F04%2Foa_132376.shtml
  113. CBS News
    https://web.archive.org/web/20060321023216/http://www.cbc.ca/story/world/national/2004/09/06/russia_mourning040906.html
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    https://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/sep/06/chechnya.russia
  115. Kommersant
    https://web.archive.org/web/20051114073549/http://www.kommersant.ru/doc.html?DocID=504229&IssueId=18390
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    http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/europe/article560364.ece
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    http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2004/09/08/1094530692366.html
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  120. Милиционеры избили космонавта за "чеченскую" фамилию
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  123. Russian Duma backs Putin reforms, BBC News, 29 October 2004.
    https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3965845.stm
  124. The Moscow Times
    https://archive.today/20071225075931/http://context.themoscowtimes.com/stories/2007/10/12/105.html
  125. After Beslan, the Media in Shackles Archived 15 December 2018 at the Wayback Machine 4 September 2006.
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