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Benazir Bhutto

Updated: Wikipedia source

Benazir Bhutto

Benazir Bhutto (21 June 1953 – 27 December 2007) was a Pakistani politician and stateswoman who served as the 11th prime minister of Pakistan from 1988 to 1990, and again from 1993 to 1996. She was the first woman elected to head a democratic government in a Muslim-majority country. Ideologically a liberal and a secularist, she chaired or co-chaired the Pakistan People's Party (PPP) from the early 1980s until her assassination in 2007. Of Sindhi, Persian and Kurdish parentage, Bhutto was born in Karachi to the politically-significant aristocratic Bhutto family. She studied at Harvard University and the University of Oxford, where she served as President of the Oxford Union. She returned to Pakistan in 1977 during her father Zulfikar Ali Bhutto's socialist government, shortly before her father was ousted in a military coup and later executed. Bhutto and her mother, Nusrat Bhutto, took control of the PPP and led the country's Movement for the Restoration of Democracy (MRD). Bhutto was repeatedly imprisoned by Zia-ul-Haq's military government and self-exiled to Great Britain in 1984. She returned in 1986 and — influenced by Thatcherite economics — transformed the PPP's platform from a socialist to a liberal one, before leading it to victory in the 1988 election. As prime minister, her attempts at reform were stifled by conservative and Islamist forces within the country, including President Ghulam Ishaq Khan and the Pakistani military. Her administration, having been accused of corruption and nepotism, was dismissed by Khan in 1990 with the following election being rigged by Intelligence services to ensure a victory for the conservative Islamic Democratic Alliance (IJI), at which point Bhutto became the Leader of the Opposition. After the IJI government of prime minister Nawaz Sharif was also dismissed on corruption charges, Bhutto once again led the PPP to victory in the 1993 elections. In her second term, she oversaw economic privatisation and attempts to advance women's rights. Her government was beset with instability, including the assassination of her brother Murtaza, a failed coup d'état in 1995, and a bribery scandal involving her and her husband Asif Ali Zardari; in response, President Farooq Leghari dismissed her government, following which the PPP incurred a historic defeat in the 1997 election, and in 1998 she went into self-exile once more, living between Dubai and London for the next decade. A widening corruption inquiry culminated in a 2003 conviction in a Swiss court. Following the United States–brokered negotiations with Pakistani President Pervez Musharraf, she returned to Pakistan in 2007 to run in the 2008 elections. Her platform emphasised civilian oversight of the military and opposition to growing Islamist violence. After a political rally in Rawalpindi, she was assassinated in December 2007. The Salafi jihadist militant group al-Qaeda claimed responsibility, although involvement of the Pakistani Taliban and rogue elements of the intelligence services were also hypothesised. She was buried at her family mausoleum in Garhi Khuda Bakhsh. Opinions on Bhutto were deeply divided. Pakistan's Islamist groups and conservative forces often accused her of being politically inexperienced, corrupt, and opposed her secularist, modernising agenda. In the early years of her career, however, she was nevertheless domestically popular and also attracted support from the international community, being seen as a champion of democracy. Posthumously, she came to be regarded as an icon for women's rights due to her political success in a male-dominated society.

Infobox

President
Ghulam Ishaq Khan
Preceded by
Nusrat Bhutto
Succeeded by
Asif Ali ZardariBilawal Bhutto Zardari
Born
(1953-06-21)21 June 1953Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
Died
27 December 2007(2007-12-27) (aged 54)Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
Manner of death
Assassination by bombing
Resting place
Bhutto family mausoleum
Political party
Pakistan People's Party
Spouse
mw- Asif Ali Zardari (m. 1987)
Children
3, including Bilawal and Aseefa
Parent(s)
Zulfikar Ali BhuttoNusrat Bhutto
Relatives
mw- .inline, .inline dl, .inline ol, .inline ul, dl dl, dl ol, dl ul, ol dl, ol ol dd dd dd , dd dt , dd li , dt dd , dt dt , dt li , li dd dd dd , dd dt , dd li , dt dd , dt dt , dt li , li dd dd ol li Bhutto familyZardari family
Education
mw- Harvard University (BA)Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford (BA)St Catherine's College, Oxford (MSt)
Party
Pakistan People's Party

Tables

· External links
Preceded byNusrat Bhutto
Preceded byNusrat Bhutto
Party political offices
Preceded byNusrat Bhutto
Party political offices
Leader of the Pakistan Peoples Party 1982–2007Acting: 1982–1984
Party political offices
Succeeded byBilawal Bhutto Zardari
Succeeded byAsif Ali Zardari
Succeeded byAsif Ali Zardari
Party political offices
Succeeded byAsif Ali Zardari
Political offices
Political offices
Party political offices
Political offices
Preceded byMuhammad Khan Junejo
Preceded byMuhammad Khan Junejo
Party political offices
Preceded byMuhammad Khan Junejo
Party political offices
Prime Minister of Pakistan 1988–1990
Party political offices
Succeeded byGhulam Mustafa JatoiActing
Preceded byMahbub ul HaqActing
Preceded byMahbub ul HaqActing
Party political offices
Preceded byMahbub ul HaqActing
Party political offices
Minister of Finance 1988–1990
Party political offices
Succeeded bySartaj Aziz
Preceded byMahmoud HaroonActing
Preceded byMahmoud HaroonActing
Party political offices
Preceded byMahmoud HaroonActing
Party political offices
Minister of Defence 1988–1990
Party political offices
Succeeded byGhous Ali Shah
Preceded byKhan Abdul Wali Khan
Preceded byKhan Abdul Wali Khan
Party political offices
Preceded byKhan Abdul Wali Khan
Party political offices
Leader of the Opposition 1990–1993
Party political offices
Succeeded byNawaz Sharif
Preceded byMoeenuddin Ahmad QureshiActing
Preceded byMoeenuddin Ahmad QureshiActing
Party political offices
Preceded byMoeenuddin Ahmad QureshiActing
Party political offices
Prime Minister of Pakistan 1993–1996
Party political offices
Succeeded byMalik Meraj KhalidActing
Preceded bySyed Babar Ali
Preceded bySyed Babar Ali
Party political offices
Preceded bySyed Babar Ali
Party political offices
Minister of Finance 1994–1996
Party political offices
Succeeded byNaveed Qamar
Preceded byNawaz Sharif
Preceded byNawaz Sharif
Party political offices
Preceded byNawaz Sharif
Party political offices
Leader of the Opposition 1996–1999
Party political offices
Succeeded byFazl-ur-Rehman
Diplomatic posts
Diplomatic posts
Party political offices
Diplomatic posts
Preceded byMarich Man Singh Shrestha
Preceded byMarich Man Singh Shrestha
Party political offices
Preceded byMarich Man Singh Shrestha
Party political offices
Chairperson of SAARC 1988
Party political offices
Succeeded byMaumoon Abdul Gayoom
Party political offices
Preceded byNusrat Bhutto
Leader of the Pakistan Peoples Party 1982–2007Acting: 1982–1984
Succeeded byBilawal Bhutto Zardari
Succeeded byAsif Ali Zardari
Political offices
Preceded byMuhammad Khan Junejo
Prime Minister of Pakistan 1988–1990
Succeeded byGhulam Mustafa JatoiActing
Preceded byMahbub ul HaqActing
Minister of Finance 1988–1990
Succeeded bySartaj Aziz
Preceded byMahmoud HaroonActing
Minister of Defence 1988–1990
Succeeded byGhous Ali Shah
Preceded byKhan Abdul Wali Khan
Leader of the Opposition 1990–1993
Succeeded byNawaz Sharif
Preceded byMoeenuddin Ahmad QureshiActing
Prime Minister of Pakistan 1993–1996
Succeeded byMalik Meraj KhalidActing
Preceded bySyed Babar Ali
Minister of Finance 1994–1996
Succeeded byNaveed Qamar
Preceded byNawaz Sharif
Leader of the Opposition 1996–1999
Succeeded byFazl-ur-Rehman
Diplomatic posts
Preceded byMarich Man Singh Shrestha
Chairperson of SAARC 1988
Succeeded byMaumoon Abdul Gayoom

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    https://www.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idUSISL1809220080621
  562. Hindustan Times
    https://www.hindustantimes.com/world/stamps-posters-to-mark-bhutto-s-birth-anniversary/story-6uAFPP3aNTCXgoP10LNbnJ.html
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