| Res. | Record | Opponent | Method | Event | Date | Round | Time | Location | Notes |
| Loss | 39–14 | Marcos Rogério de Lima | TKO (punches) | UFC Fight Night: Holloway vs. Rodríguez | November 13, 2021 | 1 | 0:32 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | |
| Win | 39–13 | Chris Barnett | Submission (guillotine choke) | UFC Fight Night: Font vs. Garbrandt | May 22, 2021 | 2 | 2:07 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | |
| Loss | 38–13 | Marcin Tybura | Decision (unanimous) | UFC Fight Night: Moraes vs. Sandhagen | October 11, 2020 | 3 | 5:00 | Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates | |
| Win | 38–12 | Ovince Saint Preux | Decision (split) | UFC Fight Night: Smith vs. Teixeira | May 13, 2020 | 3 | 5:00 | Jacksonville, Florida, United States | |
| Win | 37–12 | Stefan Struve | TKO (punches) | UFC on ESPN: Overeem vs. Rozenstruik | December 7, 2019 | 2 | 4:57 | Washington, D.C., United States | |
| Loss | 36–12 | Andrei Arlovski | Decision (unanimous) | UFC on ESPN: dos Anjos vs. Edwards | July 20, 2019 | 3 | 5:00 | San Antonio, Texas, United States | |
| Loss | 36–11 | Blagoy Ivanov | Decision (unanimous) | UFC Fight Night: Lewis vs. dos Santos | March 9, 2019 | 3 | 5:00 | Wichita, Kansas, United States | |
| Loss | 36–10 | Junior dos Santos | Decision (unanimous) | UFC Fight Night: Rothwell vs. dos Santos | April 10, 2016 | 5 | 5:00 | Zagreb, Croatia | |
| Win | 36–9 | Josh Barnett | Submission (guillotine choke) | UFC on Fox: Johnson vs. Bader | January 30, 2016 | 2 | 3:48 | Newark, New Jersey, United States | Performance of the Night. Submission of the Year. |
| Win | 35–9 | Matt Mitrione | Submission (guillotine choke) | UFC Fight Night: Boetsch vs. Henderson | June 6, 2015 | 1 | 1:54 | New Orleans, Louisiana, United States | |
| Win | 34–9 | Alistair Overeem | TKO (punches) | UFC Fight Night: Jacare vs. Mousasi | September 5, 2014 | 1 | 2:19 | Mashantucket, Connecticut, United States | Performance of the Night. |
| Win | 33–9 | Brandon Vera | TKO (punches) | UFC 164 | August 31, 2013 | 3 | 1:54 | Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States | Rothwell suspended after testing positive for elevated testosterone levels. |
| Loss | 32–9 | Gabriel Gonzaga | Submission (guillotine choke) | UFC on FX: Belfort vs. Bisping | January 19, 2013 | 2 | 1:01 | São Paulo, Brazil | |
| Win | 32–8 | Brendan Schaub | KO (punches) | UFC 145 | April 21, 2012 | 1 | 1:10 | Atlanta, Georgia, United States | Knockout of the Night. |
| Loss | 31–8 | Mark Hunt | Decision (unanimous) | UFC 135 | September 24, 2011 | 3 | 5:00 | Denver, Colorado, United States | |
| Win | 31–7 | Gilbert Yvel | Decision (unanimous) | UFC 115 | June 12, 2010 | 3 | 5:00 | Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada | |
| Loss | 30–7 | Cain Velasquez | TKO (punches) | UFC 104 | October 24, 2009 | 2 | 0:58 | Los Angeles, California, United States | |
| Win | 30–6 | Chris Guillen | TKO (submission to elbows) | Adrenaline MMA 2: Miletich vs. Denny | December 11, 2008 | 1 | 3:30 | Moline, Illinois, United States | |
| Loss | 29–6 | Andrei Arlovski | KO (punches) | Affliction: Banned | July 19, 2008 | 3 | 1:13 | Anaheim, California, United States | |
| Win | 29–5 | Ricco Rodriguez | Decision (unanimous) | IFL: 2007 Team Championship final | September 20, 2007 | 3 | 4:00 | Hollywood, Florida, United States | |
| Win | 28–5 | Krzysztof Soszyński | TKO (punches) | IFL: 2007 semifinals | August 2, 2007 | 1 | 0:13 | East Rutherford, New Jersey, United States | |
| Win | 27–5 | Travis Fulton | Submission (kimura) | IFL: Chicago | May 19, 2007 | 2 | 3:11 | Chicago, Illinois, United States | |
| Win | 26–5 | Roy Nelson | Decision (split) | IFL: Moline | April 7, 2007 | 3 | 4:00 | Moline, Illinois, United States | |
| Win | 25–5 | Matt Thompson | TKO (punches) | IFL: Houston | February 2, 2007 | 2 | 1:47 | Houston, Texas, United States | |
| Win | 24–5 | Devin Cole | KO (head kick) | IFL: Championship final | December 29, 2006 | 1 | 3:16 | Uncasville, Connecticut, United States | |
| Win | 23–5 | Wojtek Kaszowski | Submission (americana) | IFL: World Championship semifinals | November 2, 2006 | 1 | 3:14 | Portland, Oregon, United States | |
| Win | 22–5 | Bryan Vetell | KO (punch) | IFL: Gracie vs. Miletich | September 23, 2006 | 1 | 3:17 | Moline, Illinois, United States | |
| Win | 21–5 | Krzysztof Soszyński | TKO (punches) | IFL: Legends Championship 2006 | April 29, 2006 | 1 | 3:59 | Atlantic City, New Jersey, United States | |
| Win | 20–5 | Dan Bobish | KO (knee) | GFC: Team Gracie vs Team Hammer House | March 3, 2006 | 1 | 4:20 | Columbus, Ohio, United States | |
| Win | 19–5 | Joey Smith | TKO (submission to punches) | ISCF: Gladiators X | February 24, 2006 | 1 | N/A | Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States | |
| Win | 18–5 | Don Richard | TKO (punches) | KOTC: Conquest | December 3, 2005 | 1 | 3:32 | Calgary, Alberta, Canada | |
| Win | 17–5 | Allan Weickert | TKO (punches) | GFS: Fight Nite in the Flats | September 17, 2005 | 1 | 3:45 | Cleveland, Ohio, United States | |
| Loss | 16–5 | Dan Christison | Submission (kimura) | Euphoria: USA vs World | February 26, 2005 | 3 | 0:57 | Atlantic City, New Jersey, United States | |
| Win | 16–4 | Jonathan Wiezorek | TKO (punches) | Euphoria: Road to the Titles | October 15, 2004 | 1 | 1:09 | Atlantic City, New Jersey, United States | |
| Win | 15–4 | Matt Bear | TKO (submission to punches) | Ultimate Throwdown | July 16, 2004 | 1 | 2:57 | Des Moines, Iowa, United States | |
| Loss | 14–4 | Carlos Barreto | KO (head kick) | Heat FC 1: Genesis | July 31, 2003 | 1 | N/A | Natal, Brazil | |
| Win | 14–3 | Royce Louck | TKO (doctor stoppage) | Freestyle Combat Challenge 11 | June 28, 2003 | 1 | N/A | Racine, Wisconsin, United States | |
| Loss | 13–3 | Ibragim Magomedov | TKO (retirement) | M-1 MFC: Russia vs. the World 4 | November 15, 2002 | 1 | 10:00 | St. Petersburg, Russia | Scheduled for one 10-minute round. |
| Win | 13–2 | Travis Fulton | TKO (injury) | Freestyle Combat Challenge 8 | October 4, 2002 | 1 | 5:00 | Racine, Wisconsin, United States | |
| Win | 12–2 | Johnathan Ivey | TKO (doctor stoppage) | USMMA 2: Ring of Fury | September 21, 2002 | 1 | 1:14 | Lowell, Massachusetts, United States | Won the USMMA Heavyweight Championship. |
| Loss | 11–2 | Mike Whitehead | Decision (unanimous) | SB 24: Return of the Heavyweights 2 | April 27, 2002 | 2 | 5:00 | Honolulu, Hawaii, United States | |
| Win | 11–1 | Kerry Schall | TKO (neck injury) | 2 | 2:10 | Schall fell out of the ring. |
| Win | 10–1 | Curtis Crawford | Submission (forearm choke) | SB 24: Return of the Heavyweights 1 | April 26, 2002 | 1 | 1:03 | Honolulu, Hawaii, United States | |
| Win | 9–1 | Mike Priest | TKO (injury) | Freestyle Combat Challenge 7 | March 23, 2002 | 1 | N/A | Racine, Wisconsin, United States | |
| Win | 8–1 | Mike Radnov | TKO (doctor stoppage) | Extreme Challenge 46 | February 16, 2002 | 1 | 5:54 | Clive, Iowa, United States | |
| Win | 7–1 | Kerry Schall | TKO (foot injury) | 1 | 7:29 | |
| Win | 6–1 | Mike Marshalleck | TKO (punches) | Freestyle Combat Challenge 6 | January 5, 2002 | 1 | 0:38 | Racine, Wisconsin, United States | |
| Win | 5–1 | Steve Hutson | Submission (arm-triangle choke) | SC 8: Fight Night | November 10, 2001 | 1 | 3:35 | LaSalle, Illinois, United States | |
| Loss | 4–1 | Tim Sylvia | Decision (unanimous) | Extreme Challenge 42 | August 24, 2001 | 3 | 5:00 | Davenport, Iowa, United States | |