| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1947 | Lysistrata | — | |
| Gas | |
| The Dog Beneath the Skin | |
| Yerma | |
| 1948 | No Exit | |
| The Taming of the Shrew | Katherina | National Tour |
| Six Characters in Search of an Author | — | |
| The Owl and the Pussycat | |
| 1949 | Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme | |
| Yes is for a Very Young Man | |
| The Creditors | |
| Heartbreak House | |
| 1951 | Gentlemen Prefer Blondes | |
| Personal Appearance | |
| Candle Light | |
| Love or Money | |
| The Voice of the Turtle | |
| 1953 | The New Moon | |
| 1954–55 | The Threepenny Opera | Lucy Brown | Broadway debut |
| 1955 | What's the Rush? | — | |
| Shoestring Revue | Performer, "Garbage" | Revue: Introduced the song "Garbage" |
| Plain and Fancy | Understudy: Ruth Winters | |
| Seventh Heaven | Mme. Suze | |
| 1956 | Mistress of the Inn | — | |
| Ziegfeld Follies | Performer: Understudy to Tallulah Bankhead | Revue |
| Shoestring '57 | Performer, "Garbage" | |
| 1957 | Hamlet | Offstage Voice (Queen Gertrude) | |
| Nature's Way | Nadine Fesser | |
| 1958 | Ulysses in Nighttown | — | |
| 1959 | Chic | |
| 1960 | The Gay Divorcee at the Cherry Lane | |
| 1962 | A Matter of Position | |
| 1964 | Fiddler on the Roof | Yente the Matchmaker | |
| 1966 | Mame | Vera Charles | Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical |
| 1968 | A Mother's Kisses | — | Closed on the road |
| 1981 | The Floating Lightbulb | Enid Pollack | |
| Hey, Look Me Over! | — | |
| 1994 | Easter Bonnet Competition: A Salute to 100 Years of Broadway | |
| La fille du régiment | Duchesse de Krakenthorp | Metropolitan Opera appearance |
| 1995–96 | Bermuda Avenue Triangle | — | |
| 1996 | Angela Lansbury – A Celebration | Benefit concert |
| 1997–98 | After Play | |
| 1998 | Jubilee | |
| 1999 | Thoroughly Modern Millie | Mrs. Meers | Pre-Broadway Workshop |
| 2000 | Strike Up the Band | Mrs. Grace Draper | |
| The Threepenny Opera Reunion Concert | Lucy Brown | |
| 2000–2006 | An Evening with Bea Arthur | — | Westport, Connecticut (July 28–30, 2000) Santa Fe, New Mexico (September 24, 2002) Los Angeles, California (January 31 – February 1, 2004) Saugatuck, Michigan (May 22–23, 2004) Provincetown, Massachusetts (August 21, 2004) Columbus, Georgia (October 30, 2004) Nyack, New York (March 4–6, 2005) Fort Wayne, Indiana (April 17, 2005) Mount Pleasant, Michigan (April 19, 2005) Atlantic City, New Jersey (June 3–4, 2005) Holmdel, New Jersey (June 7, 2005) Las Vegas, Nevada (August 27, 2005) Hampton, Virginia (September 16–17, 2005) Alexandria, Virginia (September 22, 2005) Geneva, New York (September 24, 2005) San Francisco, California (January 7, 2006) Salem, Oregon (January 21, 2006) Scottsdale, Arizona (February 24–25, 2006) University Park, Illinois (March 19, 2006) |
| 2001–2003 | And Then There's Bea | United States Tour (April 24, 2001 – January 13, 2002) Melbourne, Australia (October 15–27, 2002) Sydney, Australia (October 29 – November 10, 2002) Johannesburg, South Africa (August 12–24, 2003) Cape Town, South Africa (August 26 – September 7, 2003) |
| 2002 | Bea Arthur on Broadway: Just Between Friends | New York, New York (January 29, 2002 – April 14, 2002) Toronto, Canada (November 20 – December 8, 2002) |
