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Austria

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Austria

Austria, formally the Republic of Austria, is a landlocked country in Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, of which the capital Vienna is the most populous city and state. Austria is bordered by Germany to the northwest, the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia to the northeast, Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The country occupies an area of 83,879 km2 (32,386 sq mi) and has a population of around 9 million. The area of today's Austria has been inhabited since at least the Paleolithic period. Around 400 BC, it was inhabited by the Celts and then annexed by the Romans in the late 1st century BC. Christianization in the region began in the 4th and 5th centuries, during the late Roman period, followed by the arrival of numerous Germanic tribes during the Migration Period. Austria, as a unified state, emerged from the remnants of the Eastern and Hungarian March at the end of the first millennium, first as a frontier march of the Holy Roman Empire, it then developed into a Duchy in 1156, and was made an Archduchy in 1453. Being the heartland of the Habsburg monarchy since the late 13th century, Austria was a major imperial power in Central Europe for centuries and from the 16th century, Vienna also served as the Holy Roman Empire's administrative capital. Before the dissolution of the empire two years later, in 1804, Austria established its own empire, which became a great power and one of the largest states in Europe. The empire's defeat in wars and the loss of territories in the 1860s paved the way for the establishment of Austria-Hungary in 1867. After the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in 1914, Emperor Franz Joseph declared war on Serbia, which rapidly escalated into World War I. The empire's defeat and subsequent collapse led to the proclamation of the Republic of German-Austria in 1918 and the First Austrian Republic in 1919. During the interwar period, anti-parliamentarian sentiments culminated in the formation of an Austrofascist dictatorship under Engelbert Dollfuss in 1934. A year before the outbreak of World War II, Austria was annexed into Nazi Germany by Adolf Hitler, and it became a sub-national division. After its liberation in 1945 and a decade of Allied occupation, the country regained its sovereignty and declared its perpetual neutrality in 1955. Austria is a semi-presidential representative democracy with a popularly elected president as head of state and a chancellor as head of government and chief executive. Austria has the 13th highest nominal GDP per capita with high standards of living. The country has been a member of the United Nations since 1955 and of the European Union since 1995. It hosts the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) and the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and is a founding member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and Interpol. It also signed the Schengen Agreement in 1995, and adopted the euro currency in 1999.

Infobox

Capitaland largest city
Vienna 48°12′N 16°21′E / 48.200°N 16.350°E / 48.200; 16.350
Official languages
German[a][b]
National language
Austrian German[c]
Official regional languages
mw- .inline, .inline dl, .inline ol, .inline ul, dl dl, dl ol, dl ul, ol dl, ol ol dd dd dd , dd dt , dd li , dt dd , dt dt , dt li , li dd dd dd , dd dt , dd li , dt dd , dt dt , dt li , li dd dd ol li HungarianSloveneBurgenland Croatian
Ethnic groups (2024)
mw- 72.2% Austrians27.8% other
Religion (2021)
mw- li 68.2% Christianity 55.2% Catholicism 4.9% Orthodoxy 3.8% Protestantism 4.3% other Christian 22.4% no religion8.3% Islam1.1% other
Demonym
Austrian
Government
Federal semi-presidential republic[d]
• President
Alexander Van der Bellen
• Chancellor
Christian Stocker
Legislature
Parliament
• Upper house
Federal Council
• Lower house
National Council
• Margraviate(oldest naming)
1 November 996
• Duchy
17 September 1156
• Archduchy
6 January 1453
• Imperial circle
1512
• Empire
11 August 1804
• Austria-Hungary
30 March 1867
• First Republic
10 September 1919
• Federal State
1 May 1934
• Anschluss
13 March 1938
• Second Republic
27 April 1945
• State Treaty
27 July 1955
• Total
$534.30 billion (30th)
• Water (%)
0.84 (2015)
• April 2022 estimate
9,027,999 (97th)
• Density
107.6/km2 (278.7/sq mi) (106th)
GDP (PPP)
2025 estimate
• Per capita
$58,190 (13th)
GDP (nominal)
2025 estimate
Gini (2023)
28.1 } }low inequality
HDI (2023)
0.930very high (22nd)
Currency
Euro (€) (EUR)
Time zone
UTC 1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)
UTC 2 (CEST)
Calling code
43
ISO 3166 code
AT
Internet TLD
at
Official language and national language
Austrian German[a][b][c]
GDP (PPP)
2025 estimate

Tables

· Government and politics › Administrative divisions
Burgenland
Burgenland
Federal state
Burgenland
Capital
Eisenstadt
Area(sq km)
3,965
Population(1 Jan 2017)
291,942
Densityper km2
73.6
GDP (billion euros)(2022 Eurostat)
10.454
GDP percapita
34,900
Carinthia
Carinthia
Federal state
Carinthia
Capital
Klagenfurt
Area(sq km)
9,536
Population(1 Jan 2017)
561,077
Densityper km2
58.8
GDP (billion euros)(2022 Eurostat)
24.755
GDP percapita
43,600
Lower Austria
Lower Austria
Federal state
Lower Austria
Capital
Sankt Pölten
Area(sq km)
19,178
Population(1 Jan 2017)
1,665,753
Densityper km2
86.9
GDP (billion euros)(2022 Eurostat)
71.757
GDP percapita
41,900
Salzburg
Salzburg
Federal state
Salzburg
Capital
Salzburg
Area(sq km)
7,154
Population(1 Jan 2017)
549,263
Densityper km2
76.8
GDP (billion euros)(2022 Eurostat)
33.330
GDP percapita
58,900
Styria
Styria
Federal state
Styria
Capital
Graz
Area(sq km)
16,401
Population(1 Jan 2017)
1,237,298
Densityper km2
75.4
GDP (billion euros)(2022 Eurostat)
56.152
GDP percapita
44,600
Tyrol
Tyrol
Federal state
Tyrol
Capital
Innsbruck
Area(sq km)
12,648
Population(1 Jan 2017)
746,153
Densityper km2
59.0
GDP (billion euros)(2022 Eurostat)
39.328
GDP percapita
51,200
Upper Austria
Upper Austria
Federal state
Upper Austria
Capital
Linz
Area(sq km)
11,982
Population(1 Jan 2017)
1,465,045
Densityper km2
122.3
GDP (billion euros)(2022 Eurostat)
76.780
GDP percapita
50,700
Vienna
Vienna
Federal state
Vienna
Capital
415
Area(sq km)
1,867,582
Population(1 Jan 2017)
4,500
Densityper km2
110.992
GDP (billion euros)(2022 Eurostat)
56,600
Vorarlberg
Vorarlberg
Federal state
Vorarlberg
Capital
Bregenz
Area(sq km)
2,601
Population(1 Jan 2017)
388,752
Densityper km2
149.5
GDP (billion euros)(2022 Eurostat)
23.588
GDP percapita
58,300
Federal state
Capital
Area(sq km)
Population(1 Jan 2017)
Densityper km2
GDP (billion euros)(2022 Eurostat)
GDP percapita
Burgenland
Eisenstadt
3,965
291,942
73.6
10.454
34,900
Carinthia
Klagenfurt
9,536
561,077
58.8
24.755
43,600
Lower Austria
Sankt Pölten
19,178
1,665,753
86.9
71.757
41,900
Salzburg
Salzburg
7,154
549,263
76.8
33.330
58,900
Styria
Graz
16,401
1,237,298
75.4
56.152
44,600
Tyrol
Innsbruck
12,648
746,153
59.0
39.328
51,200
Upper Austria
Linz
11,982
1,465,045
122.3
76.780
50,700
Vienna
415
1,867,582
4,500
110.992
56,600
Vorarlberg
Bregenz
2,601
388,752
149.5
23.588
58,300

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