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Aung San Suu Kyi

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Aung San Suu Kyi

Aung San Suu Kyi (born 19 June 1945) is a Burmese politician, diplomat, author, and political activist. She was awarded the 1991 Nobel Peace Prize. She served as State Counsellor of Myanmar and Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2016 to 2021. She has served as the general secretary of the National League for Democracy (NLD) since the party's founding in 1988 and was registered as its chairperson while it was a legal party from 2011 to 2023. She played a vital role in Myanmar's transition from military junta to partial democracy in the 2010s. She has been widely described as the de facto leader of Myanmar from 2016 to 2021. The youngest daughter of Aung San, Father of the Nation of modern-day Myanmar, and Khin Kyi, Aung San Suu Kyi was born in Rangoon, British Burma. After graduating from the University of Delhi in 1964 and St Hugh's College, Oxford in 1968, she worked at the United Nations for three years. She married Michael Aris in 1972, with whom she had two children. Aung San Suu Kyi rose to prominence in the 8888 Uprising of 8 August 1988 and became the General Secretary of the NLD, which she had newly formed with the help of several retired army officials who criticised the military junta. In the 1990 general election, NLD won 81% of the seats in Parliament, but the results were nullified, as the State Peace and Development Council (SPDC), the military government, refused to hand over power, resulting in an international outcry. She had been detained before the elections and remained under house arrest for almost 15 of the 21 years from 1989 to 2010, becoming one of the world's most prominent political prisoners. In 1999, Time magazine named her one of the "Children of Gandhi" and his spiritual heir to nonviolence. She survived an assassination attempt in the 2003 Depayin massacre when at least 70 people associated with the NLD were killed. Her party boycotted the 2010 general election, resulting in a decisive victory for the military-backed Union Solidarity and Development Party (USDP). Aung San Suu Kyi became a member of the Pyithu Hluttaw (House of Representatives) while her party won 43 of the 45 vacant seats in the 2012 by-elections. In the 2015 general election, her party won a landslide victory, taking 86% of the seats in the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, well more than the 67% supermajority needed to ensure that its preferred candidates were elected president and vice president in the Presidential Electoral College. Although she was prohibited from becoming president due to a clause in the Myanmar Constitution—her late husband and children are foreign citizens—she assumed the newly created role of State Counsellor of Myanmar, a role akin to a prime minister or a head of government. When she ascended to the office of state counsellor, Aung San Suu Kyi drew criticism from several countries, organisations and figures over Myanmar's inaction in response to the Rohingya genocide in Rakhine State and refusal to acknowledge that the Tatmadaw (armed forces) had committed massacres. Under her leadership, Myanmar also drew criticism for prosecutions of journalists. In 2019, Aung San Suu Kyi appeared in the International Court of Justice where she defended the Myanmar military against allegations of genocide against the Rohingya people. Aung San Suu Kyi, whose party had won the November 2020 general election, was arrested on 1 February 2021, after a coup d'état that returned the Tatmadaw to power and sparked protests across the country. Several charges were filed against her, and on 6 December 2021, she was sentenced to four years in prison on two of them. On 10 January 2022, she was sentenced to an additional four years on another set of charges. On 12 October 2022, she was convicted of two further charges of corruption and was sentenced to two terms of three years' imprisonment to be served concurrently. On 30 December 2022, her trials ended with another conviction and an additional sentence of seven years' imprisonment for corruption. Aung San Suu Kyi's final sentence was of 33 years in prison, later reduced to 27 years. The United Nations, most European countries, and the United States condemned the arrests, trials, and sentences as politically motivated.

Infobox

President
Htin Kyaw
Preceded by
Soe Tint
Succeeded by
Vacant
Ministerial offices2016–2021
Ministerial offices2016–2021 Minister of the President's OfficeIn office30 March 2016 – 1 February 2021PresidentHtin KyawWin MyintPreceded byAung MinHla TunSoe MaungSoe TheinThein NyuntSucceeded byVacantMinister of Foreign AffairsIn office30 March 2016 – 1 February 2021PresidentHtin KyawWin MyintPreceded byWunna Maung LwinSucceeded byWunna Maung LwinMinister of EducationIn office30 March 2016 – 5 April 2016PresidentHtin KyawPreceded byKhin San YiSucceeded byMyo Thein GyiMinister of Electricity and EnergyIn office30 March 2016 – 5 April 2016PresidentHtin KyawPreceded byKhin Maung SoeZeya AungSucceeded byPe Zin Tun
Majority
46,73 (71.38%)
Born
(1945-06-19) 19 June 1945 (age 80)Rangoon, British Burma
Political party
National League for Democracy
Spouse
mw- Michael Aris (m. 1972; died 1999)
Children
2, including Alexander Aris
Parents
Aung SanKhin Kyi
Relatives
Aung San Oo (brother) Ba Win (uncle) Sein Win (cousin)
Residence
54 University Avenue
Education
University of Delhi (BA) St Hugh's College, Oxford (BA) SOAS University of London
Awards
Full list
Party
National League for Democracy

Tables

· External links
New office
New office
Party political offices
New office
Party political offices
Leader of the National League for Democracy 1988–present
Party political offices
Incumbent
New title
New title
Party political offices
New title
Party political offices
Chairperson of the National League for Democracy 2011–2023
Party political offices
Office abolished
Assembly seats
Assembly seats
Party political offices
Assembly seats
Political offices
Political offices
Party political offices
Political offices
Preceded bySai Hla Kyaw
Preceded bySai Hla Kyaw
Party political offices
Preceded bySai Hla Kyaw
Party political offices
Leader of the Opposition 2012–2016
Party political offices
Succeeded byKhin Aung Myint
Preceded byWunna Maung Lwin
Preceded byWunna Maung Lwin
Party political offices
Preceded byWunna Maung Lwin
Party political offices
Minister of Foreign Affairs 2016–2021
Party political offices
Succeeded byWunna Maung Lwin
Preceded byAung MinHla TunSoe MaungSoe TheinThein Nyunt
Preceded byAung MinHla TunSoe MaungSoe TheinThein Nyunt
Party political offices
Preceded byAung MinHla TunSoe MaungSoe TheinThein Nyunt
Party political offices
Minister of the President's Office 2016–2021
Party political offices
Succeeded byTBA
New title
New title
Party political offices
New title
Party political offices
State Counsellor of Myanmar 2016–2021
Party political offices
Succeeded byMin Aung Hlaingas Chairman of theState Administration Council
Awards and achievements
Awards and achievements
Party political offices
Awards and achievements
Preceded byAlexander Dubček
Preceded byAlexander Dubček
Party political offices
Preceded byAlexander Dubček
Party political offices
Recipient of the Sakharov Prize 1990
Party political offices
Succeeded byAdem Demaçi
Preceded byDoina Cornea
Preceded byDoina Cornea
Party political offices
Preceded byDoina Cornea
Party political offices
Recipient of the Thorolf Rafto Memorial Prize 1990
Party political offices
Succeeded byYelena Bonner
Preceded byPéter Molnár
Preceded byPéter Molnár
Party political offices
Preceded byPéter Molnár
Preceded byMikhail Gorbachev
Preceded byMikhail Gorbachev
Party political offices
Preceded byMikhail Gorbachev
Party political offices
Recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize 1991
Party political offices
Succeeded byRigoberta Menchú
Preceded byMaurice Strong
Preceded byMaurice Strong
Party political offices
Preceded byMaurice Strong
Party political offices
Recipient of the Jawaharlal Nehru Award 1993
Party political offices
Succeeded byMahathir Mohamad
Preceded byDandeniya Gamage Jayanthi
Preceded byDandeniya Gamage Jayanthi
Party political offices
Preceded byDandeniya Gamage Jayanthi
Party political offices
Recipient of the Gwangju Prize for Human Rights 2004 (withdrawn 2018)
Party political offices
Succeeded byWardah Hafidz
Preceded byDenis Mukwege
Preceded byDenis Mukwege
Party political offices
Preceded byDenis Mukwege
Party political offices
Recipient of the Wallenberg Medal 2011
Party political offices
Succeeded byMaria Gunnoe
Party political offices
New office
Leader of the National League for Democracy 1988–present
Incumbent
New title
Chairperson of the National League for Democracy 2011–2023
Office abolished
Assembly seats
Preceded bySoe Tint
Member of the House of Representativesfor Kawhmu 2012–2016
Vacant
Political offices
Preceded bySai Hla Kyaw
Leader of the Opposition 2012–2016
Succeeded byKhin Aung Myint
Preceded byWunna Maung Lwin
Minister of Foreign Affairs 2016–2021
Succeeded byWunna Maung Lwin
Preceded byAung MinHla TunSoe MaungSoe TheinThein Nyunt
Minister of the President's Office 2016–2021
Succeeded byTBA
New title
State Counsellor of Myanmar 2016–2021
Succeeded byMin Aung Hlaingas Chairman of theState Administration Council
Awards and achievements
Preceded byAlexander Dubček
Recipient of the Sakharov Prize 1990
Succeeded byAdem Demaçi
Preceded byDoina Cornea
Recipient of the Thorolf Rafto Memorial Prize 1990
Succeeded byYelena Bonner
Preceded byPéter Molnár
Preceded byMikhail Gorbachev
Recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize 1991
Succeeded byRigoberta Menchú
Preceded byMaurice Strong
Recipient of the Jawaharlal Nehru Award 1993
Succeeded byMahathir Mohamad
Preceded byDandeniya Gamage Jayanthi
Recipient of the Gwangju Prize for Human Rights 2004 (withdrawn 2018)
Succeeded byWardah Hafidz
Preceded byDenis Mukwege
Recipient of the Wallenberg Medal 2011
Succeeded byMaria Gunnoe

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