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Augusto Pinochet

Updated: Wikipedia source

Augusto Pinochet

Augusto José Ramón Pinochet Ugarte (25 November 1915 – 10 December 2006) was a Chilean military officer, politician and dictator. From 1973 to 1981, he was the leader of the military junta, which in 1974 declared him President of Chile; in 1980, a referendum approved a new constitution confirming him in the office, after which he served as de jure president from 1981 to 1990. His time in office remains the longest of any Chilean ruler. Augusto Pinochet rose through the ranks of the Chilean Army to become General Chief of Staff in early 1972 before being appointed its commander-in-chief on 23 August 1973 by President Salvador Allende. On 11 September 1973, Pinochet seized power in Chile in a military coup. The military had previously received financial and intelligence support from the United States, which favored the military coup that toppled Allende's democratically elected socialist Unidad Popular government and ended civilian rule. In December 1974, the ruling military junta appointed Pinochet Supreme Head of the nation by joint decree, although without the support of one of the coup's instigators, Air Force general Gustavo Leigh. After his rise to power, Pinochet persecuted leftists, socialists, and political critics, resulting in the executions of 1,200 to 3,200 people, the internment of as many as 80,000 people, and the torture of tens of thousands. According to the Chilean government, the number of executions and forced disappearances was at least 3,095. Operation Condor, a U.S.-supported terror operation focusing on South America, was founded at the behest of the Pinochet regime in late November 1975. Under the influence of the free market–oriented "Chicago Boys", Pinochet's military government implemented economic liberalization following neoliberalism. This policy included currency stabilization, removal of tariff protections for local industry, the banning of trade unions, and privatization of social security and hundreds of state-owned enterprises. Some of the government properties were sold below market price to politically connected buyers, including Pinochet's son-in-law Julio Ponce Lerou. The regime used censorship of entertainment as a way to reward supporters of the regime and punish opponents. These policies dramatically increased economic inequality and produced high economic growth. They caused the 1982 monetary crisis, and thus produced its devastating effects on the Chilean economy. Pinochet's wealth grew considerably during his years in power through dozens of bank accounts secretly held abroad and holdings in real estate. He was later prosecuted for embezzlement, tax fraud, and kickbacks on arms deals. Pinochet's 17-year rule was given a legal framework through a controversial 1980 plebiscite, which approved a new constitution drafted by a government-appointed commission. In a 1988 plebiscite, 56% voted against Pinochet's continuing as president, which led to democratic elections for the presidency and Congress. After stepping down in 1990, Pinochet continued to serve as Commander-in-Chief of the Chilean Army until 10 March 1998, when he retired and became a senator-for-life in accordance with his 1980 Constitution. However, while in London in 1998 Pinochet was arrested under an international arrest warrant in connection with numerous human rights violations. Following a legal battle, he was released on grounds of ill-health and returned to Chile on 3 March 2000. In 2004, Chilean judge Juan Guzmán Tapia ruled that Pinochet was medically fit to stand trial and placed him under house arrest. By the time of his death on 10 December 2006, about 300 criminal charges were still pending against him in Chile for numerous human rights violations during his 17-year rule, as well as tax evasion and embezzlement during and after his rule. He was also accused of having corruptly amassed at least US$28 million.

Infobox

Preceded by
Carlos Prats
Succeeded by
Ricardo Izurieta
President
mw- Salvador AllendeHimselfPatricio AylwinEduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle
Born
Augusto José Ramón Pinochet Ugarte(1915-11-25)25 November 1915Valparaíso, Chile
Died
10 December 2006(2006-12-10) (aged 91)Santiago, Chile
Resting place
Los Boldos, Santo Domingo Valparaíso, Chile
Political party
Independent
Spouse
mw- Lucía Hiriart (m. 1943)
Children
5, including Lucía Pinochet
Alma mater
Chilean War Academy
Nicknames
mw- .inline, .inline dl, .inline ol, .inline ul, dl dl, dl ol, dl ul, ol dl, ol ol dd dd dd , dd dt , dd li , dt dd , dt dt , dt li , li dd dd dd , dd dt , dd li , dt dd , dt dt , dt li , li dd dd ol li El TataPinochoMi General
Allegiance
Chile
Branch/service
Chilean Army
Years of service
1931–1998
Rank
Captain General
Unit
"Chacabuco" Regiment"Maipo" Regiment"Carampangue" Regiment"Rancagua" Regiment1st Army Division
Commands
"Esmeralda" Regiment2nd Army Division6th Army DivisionSantiago Army GarrisonChilean Army
Battles/wars
El Tanquetazo 1973 Chilean coup d'état Armed resistance in Chile Operation Condor
Criminal status
Deceased
Criminal charge
Caravan of Death Assassination of Carlos Prats Operation Condor Operation Colombo Villa Grimaldi Carmelo Soria Calle Conferencia Antonio Llidó Eugenio Berrios Tax evasion Passport forgery
Party
Independent

Tables

· External links
Preceded bySalvador Allende
Preceded bySalvador Allende
Political offices
Preceded bySalvador Allende
Political offices
President of Chile 17 December 1974 – 11 March 1990
Political offices
Succeeded byPatricio Aylwin
Military offices
Military offices
Political offices
Military offices
Preceded byCarlos Prats
Preceded byCarlos Prats
Political offices
Preceded byCarlos Prats
Political offices
Army Commander-in-chief 23 August 1973 – 11 March 1998
Political offices
Succeeded byRicardo Izurieta
Political offices
Preceded bySalvador Allende
President of Chile 17 December 1974 – 11 March 1990
Succeeded byPatricio Aylwin
Military offices
Preceded byCarlos Prats
Army Commander-in-chief 23 August 1973 – 11 March 1998
Succeeded byRicardo Izurieta

References

  1. In this Chilean name, the first or paternal surname is Pinochet and the second or maternal family name is Ugarte.
  2. British English: /ˈpiːnəʃeɪ/ PEE-nə-shay, American English: /ˌpiːnoʊˈʃɛt/ PEE-noh-SHET, Chilean Spanish: [awˈɣusto pinoˈ
  3. Pinochet's rule also surpasses in length that of each colonial governor of the Kingdom of Chile.
  4. Authors who consider the role of the United States crucial for the coup include Peter Winn, Peter Kornbluh and Tim Weine
  5. When the admiration of Louis XIV surfaced in a 1986 interview it provoked APSI to publish a graphic satire made by Guill
  6. See also: corpse of Pedro Eugenio Aramburu, corpse of Evita and Hands of Perón.
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