| Award | Year | Work | Category | Result | Ref. |
| ALMA Awards | 2011 | Parks and Recreation | Favorite TV Actress – Supporting Role | Nominated | |
| 2012 | Safety Not Guaranteed | Favorite Movie Actress – Comedy/Musical | Won | |
| Parks and Recreation | Favorite TV Actress – Leading Role in Comedy | Nominated |
| American Comedy Awards | 2014 | Best Comedy Supporting Actress – TV | Nominated | |
| Astra Film Awards | 2021 | — | Acting Achievement | Won | |
| Astra TV Awards | 2023 | The White Lotus | Best Supporting Actress in a Broadcast Network or Cable Drama Series | Nominated | |
| Saturday Night Live | Best Guest Actress in a Comedy Series | Nominated |
| Chlotrudis Awards | 2013 | Safety Not Guaranteed | Best Actress | Nominated | |
| 2018 | Ingrid Goes West | Nominated | |
| 2021 | Black Bear | Nominated | |
| 2018 | The Little Hours | Best Performance by an Ensemble Cast | Nominated | |
| Dorian Awards | 2023 | The White Lotus | Best Supporting TV Performance – Drama | Nominated | |
| Drama League Awards | 2024 | Danny and the Deep Blue Sea | Distinguished Performance | Nominated | |
| Golden Globe Awards | 2023 | The White Lotus | Best Supporting Actress in a Limited Series, Anthology Series, or Motion Picture Made for Television | Nominated | |
| Golden Raspberry Awards | 2017 | Dirty Grandpa | Worst Supporting Actress | Nominated | |
| 2025 | Megalopolis | Worst Screen Combo | Nominated | |
| Gotham Awards | 2012 | Safety Not Guaranteed | Best Ensemble Cast | Nominated | |
| 2022 | Emily the Criminal | Outstanding Lead Performance | Nominated | |
| Imagen Awards | 2010 | Parks and Recreation | Best Supporting Actress – Television | Nominated | |
| 2012 | Nominated | |
| 2013 | Nominated | |
| 2014 | Nominated | |
| 2018 | Legion | Best Actress – Television | Nominated | |
| 2021 | Black Bear | Best Actress – Feature Film | Won | |
| 2023 | The White Lotus | Best Supporting Actress – Television (Drama) | Won | |
| 2025 | My Old Ass | Best Supporting Actress – Feature Film | Nominated | |
| Independent Spirit Awards | 2018 | Ingrid Goes West | Best First Feature | Won | |
| 2023 | Emily the Criminal | Best Lead Performance | Nominated | |
| Best First Feature | Nominated |
| International Cinephile Society Awards | 2025 | Megalopolis | Best Supporting Actress | Nominated | |
| MTV Movie & TV Awards | 2018 | Legion | Best Villain | Nominated | |
| 2023 | The White Lotus | Best Performance in a Show | Nominated | |
| Philadelphia Film Critics Circle Awards | 2024 | Megalopolis | Best Supporting Actress | Runner-up | |
| Primetime Emmy Awards | 2024 | The White Lotus | Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series | Nominated | |
| Queerties | 2025 | Agatha All Along | TV Performance | Won | |
| Riviera International Film Festival | 2021 | — | Icon Award | Won | |
| San Diego Film Critics Society Awards | 2021 | Black Bear | Best Actress | Nominated | |
| 2024 | My Old Ass | Best Comedic Performance | Nominated | |
| San Francisco Bay Area Film Critics Circle Awards | 2023 | Emily the Criminal | Best Actress | Nominated | |
| Saturn Awards | 2025 | Agatha All Along | Best Guest Starring Role on Television | Nominated | |
| Screen Actors Guild Awards | 2023 | The White Lotus | Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series | Won | |
| St. Louis Film Critics Association Awards | 2012 | Safety Not Guaranteed | Best Actress | Nominated | |
| Vancouver Film Critics Circle Awards | 2025 | My Old Ass | Best Supporting Actress in a Canadian Film | Nominated | |
| Young Hollywood Awards | 2012 | Safety Not Guaranteed | Breakthrough Performance – Female | Won | |
| 2014 | — | Cuz You're Funny | Nominated | |