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Astra Linux

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Astra Linux

Astra Linux is a Russian Linux-based computer operating system (OS) that is being widely deployed in the Russian Federation to replace Microsoft Windows. Initially it was created and developed to meet the needs of the Russian army, other armed forces and intelligence agencies. It provides data protection up to the level of "top secret" in Russian classified information grade by featuring mandatory access control. It has been officially certified by Russian Defense Ministry, Federal Service for Technical and Export Control and Federal Security Service. In the course of 2010s, as Russian authorities and industry were trying to lower dependence on Western products ("import substitution industrialization"). Aside from army and police, it is now being supplied to educational, healthcare and other state institutions, as well as in industry giants such as RZD, Gazprom, Rosatom and others. Server versions of Astra Linux are certified to work with Huawei equipment.

Infobox

Developer
Rusbitech-Astra
OS family
Linux (Unix-like)
Working state
Current
Marketing target
Russian Armed Forces; Intelligence agencies of Russia; Police of Russia; RZD; Gazprom; Rosatom; Tianwan Nuclear Power Plant; State Institutions; Health Institutions; Educational Institutions and others
Available in
Russian, English
Update method
APT
Package manager
dpkg
Supported platforms
x86-64, ARM, Elbrus
Kernel type
Monolithic
Defaultuser interface
Fly
License
various
Official website
astralinux.ru

Tables

Versions of Astra Linux Special Edition · Version history
1.2
1.2
Version
1.2
Release date
28 October 2011
Linux kernel
2.6.34
1.3
1.3
Version
1.3
Release date
26 April 2013
Linux kernel
3.2.0
1.4
1.4
Version
1.4
Release date
19 December 2014
Linux kernel
3.16.0
1.5
1.5
Version
1.5
Release date
8 April 2016
Linux kernel
4.2.0
1.6
1.6
Version
1.6
Release date
12 October 2018
Linux kernel
4.15.0
1.7
1.7
Version
1.7
Release date
22 October 2021
Linux kernel
5.4
1.7.3
1.7.3
Version
1.7.3
Release date
29 November 2022
Linux kernel
5.15
1.7.5
1.7.5
Version
1.7.5
Release date
16 October 2023
Linux kernel
6.1
1.8
1.8
Version
1.8
Release date
1 August 2024
Linux kernel
6.6 or 6.1 LTS
1.8.2
1.8.2
Version
1.8.2
Release date
30 June 2025
Linux kernel
6.12 LTS
1.8.4
1.8.4
Version
1.8.4
Release date
13 November 2025
Linux kernel
6.12 LTS
Version
Release date
Linux kernel
1.2
28 October 2011
2.6.34
1.3
26 April 2013
3.2.0
1.4
19 December 2014
3.16.0
1.5
8 April 2016
4.2.0
1.6
12 October 2018
4.15.0
1.7
22 October 2021
5.4
1.7.3
29 November 2022
5.15
1.7.5
16 October 2023
6.1
1.8
1 August 2024
LTS
1.8.2
30 June 2025
LTS
1.8.4
13 November 2025
LTS
Versions of Astra Linux Common Edition · Version history
1.5
1.5
Version
1.5
Release date
ending of 2009
Linux kernel
2.6.31
1.6
1.6
Version
1.6
Release date
23 November 2010
Linux kernel
—
1.7
1.7
Version
1.7
Release date
3 February 2012
Linux kernel
2.6.34
1.9
1.9
Version
1.9
Release date
12 February 2013
Linux kernel
3.2.0
1.10
1.10
Version
1.10
Release date
14 November 2014
Linux kernel
3.16.0
1.11
1.11
Version
1.11
Release date
17 March 2016
Linux kernel
4.2.0
2.12
2.12
Version
2.12
Release date
21 August 2018
Linux kernel
4.15
2.12.29
2.12.29
Version
2.12.29
Release date
14 May 2020
Linux kernel
4.15.3-2
2.12.40
2.12.40
Version
2.12.40
Release date
29 December 2020
Linux kernel
5.4
2.12.43
2.12.43
Version
2.12.43
Release date
8 September 2021
Linux kernel
5.10
2.12.45
2.12.45
Version
2.12.45
Release date
4 August 2022
Linux kernel
5.15
2.12.46
2.12.46
Version
2.12.46
Release date
18 April 2023
Linux kernel
5.15
Version
Release date
Linux kernel
1.5
ending of 2009
2.6.31
1.6
23 November 2010
—
1.7
3 February 2012
2.6.34
1.9
12 February 2013
3.2.0
1.10
14 November 2014
3.16.0
1.11
17 March 2016
4.2.0
2.12
21 August 2018
4.15
2.12.29
14 May 2020
4.15.3-2
2.12.40
29 December 2020
5.4
2.12.43
8 September 2021
5.10
2.12.45
4 August 2022
5.15
2.12.46
18 April 2023
5.15

References

  1. "Лицензионные соглашения"
    https://astralinux.ru/information/licenses//
  2. CNews.ru
    https://www.cnews.ru/news/top/2020-11-12_gosorgany_rossii_massovo
  3. Российская газета
    https://rg.ru/2022/03/23/kakie-rossijskie-alternativy-est-u-zarubezhnogo-programmnogo-obespecheniia.html
  4. old.computerra.ru
    http://old.computerra.ru/vision/609608/
  5. (in Russian) http://fstec.ru/en/ Archived 6 May 2022 at the Wayback Machine
    http://fstec.ru/en/
  6. (in Russian) http://www.astra-linux.com/sertifikat.html Archived 4 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine
    http://www.astra-linux.com/sertifikat.html
  7. (in Russian) http://www.computerra.ru/vision/609608/ Archived 28 November 2012 at the Wayback Machine
    http://www.computerra.ru/vision/609608/
  8. (in Russian) https://astralinux.ru/products/ Archived 31 March 2023 at the Wayback Machine
    https://astralinux.ru/products/
  9. (in Russian) https://astralinux.ru/products/astra-linux-special-edition/ Archived 2 June 2021 at the Wayback Machine
    https://astralinux.ru/products/astra-linux-special-edition/
  10. "АПМДЗ "Максим-М1""
    https://web.archive.org/web/20140714204611/http://www.astra-linux.com/features/menu-example.html
  11. "Часто задаваемые вопросы"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20140714222642/http://www.astra-linux.com/support/chasto-zadavaemye-voprosy.html
  12. "Настройка apt"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20140714203239/http://www.astra-linux.com/nastrojka-apt.html
  13. "Derivatives/Census/AstraLinux – Debian Wiki"
    https://wiki.debian.org/Derivatives/Census/AstraLinux
  14. (in Russian) http://www.cnews.ru/news/line/2019-02-19_gk_astra_linux_rasshiryaet_sotrudnichestvo_s_the Archived 28 July
    https://www.cnews.ru/news/line/2019-02-19_gk_astra_linux_rasshiryaet_sotrudnichestvo_s_the
  15. "The Document Foundation welcomes RusBITech in the project Advisory Board"
    https://blog.documentfoundation.org/blog/2015/10/06/the-document-foundation-welcomes-rusbitech-in-the-project-advisory-board/
  16. "The Document Foundation suspends RusBITech from its Advisory Board"
    https://blog.documentfoundation.org/blog/2022/02/28/the-document-foundation-suspends-rusbitech-from-its-advisory-board/
  17. (in Russian) http://spbit.ru/news/n119990/ Archived 2 September 2017 at the Wayback Machine
    http://spbit.ru/news/n119990/
  18. (in Russian) n:ru:Власти Крыма планируют переход на Linux из-за санкций – Russian Wikinews, 22 July 2015
    https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/ru:%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D1%8E%D1%82_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0_Linux_%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9
  19. "Huawei, RusBITex to design information protection systems"
    http://www.telecompaper.com/news/huawei-rusbitex-to-design-information-protection-systems--1112992
  20. Huawei Enterprise
    https://e.huawei.com/en/?source=case-study-networking
  21. ZDNet
    https://www.zdnet.com/article/russian-military-moves-closer-to-replacing-windows-with-astra-linux/
  22. (in Russian) http://www.astralinux.com/home/novosti/469-rbt-elbrus.html Archived 27 February 2018 at the Wayback Machine
    http://www.astralinux.com/home/novosti/469-rbt-elbrus.html
  23. (in Russian) http://corp.cnews.ru/news/line/2019-02-05_rossijskaya_os_astra_linux_vnedrena_na_tyanvanskoj Archived 28 Ju
    https://corp.cnews.ru/news/line/2019-02-05_rossijskaya_os_astra_linux_vnedrena_na_tyanvanskoj
  24. CNews.ru
    https://www.cnews.ru/news/top/2020-01-23_rossijskij_zashchishchennyj_planshet
  25. (in Russian) https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/3999021 Archived 27 October 2020 at the Wayback Machine
    https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/3999021
  26. iXBT.com
    https://www.ixbt.com/news/2020/12/18/800-astra-linux.html
  27. (in Russian) [1]
    https://web.archive.org/web/20220122182736/https://company.rzd.ru/ru/9397/page/104069?id=260438
  28. "The Russian distribution of Astra Linux has passed the milestone of 1 million licenses"
    https://servernews.ru/1035200
  29. (in Russian) https://bankstoday.net/last-news/pervye-9-rossijskih-aes-pereveli-na-sistemu-astra-linux-a-skoro-pomenyayut
    https://bankstoday.net/last-news/pervye-9-rossijskih-aes-pereveli-na-sistemu-astra-linux-a-skoro-pomenyayut-i-sami-kompyutery-na-baikal-ili-elbrus
  30. The Verge
    https://www.theverge.com/2022/6/8/23159656/microsoft-russia-business-changes
  31. Reuters
    https://www.reuters.com/technology/russian-os-producer-astra-linux-plans-moscow-ipo-vedomosti-2022-07-08/
  32. Википедия
    https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Astra_Linux&oldid=137782117
  33. wiki.debian.org
    https://wiki.debian.org/Derivatives/Census/AstraLinux
  34. wiki.astralinux.ru
    https://wiki.astralinux.ru/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=149062354
  35. Основные компоненты Archived 27 January 2015 at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)
    http://astralinux.ru/osnovnye-komponenty.html
  36. Операционная система "Astra Linux Special Edition" релиз "Смоленск" (версия 1.4) Archived 22 May 2018 at the Wayback Mac
    http://astralinux.ru/products/new/193-new1-4.html
  37. Завершен инспекционный контроль версии 1.5 релиза "Смоленск" операционной системы специального назначения "Astra Linux S
    http://astra-linux.com/home/novosti/304-smolensk-1-5.html
  38. Вышла версия 1.7 релиза Astra Linux Common Edition (Orel) Archived 19 April 2018 at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)
    http://astra-linux.com/home/novosti/108-vyshla-versiya-1-7-reliza-astra-linux-sommon-edition-orel.html
  39. Вышла новая версия "Astra Linux Common Edition" 1.10 – релиз "Орёл" Archived 11 August 2015 at the Wayback Machine (in
    http://astralinux.ru/home/novosti/188-vyshla-novaya-versiya-astra-linux-common-edition-1-10-reliz-orjol.html
  40. "Вышла фиксированная версия 1.11 релиза "Орёл""
    https://web.archive.org/web/20160421210302/http://astra-linux.com/home/novosti/298-vyshla-fiksirovannaya-versiya-1-11-reliza-orjol.html
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