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Assata Shakur

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Assata Shakur

Assata Olugbala Shakur ( ə-SAH-tə shə-KOOR; born JoAnne Deborah Byron, July 16, 1947 – September 25, 2025) was an American political activist, revolutionary, and fugitive who was a member of the Black Panther Party, and later the Black Liberation Army. In 1977, she was convicted of the first-degree murder of New Jersey State Trooper Werner Foerster during a shootout on the New Jersey Turnpike in 1973. She escaped from prison in 1979 and was wanted by the FBI, with a $1 million reward for information leading to her capture, and an additional $1 million reward offered by the New Jersey attorney general. She was never caught and remained a fugitive for 45 years. Born in Flushing, Queens, Shakur grew up in New York City and Wilmington, North Carolina. After running away from home several times, she was taken in by an aunt, who later acted as one of her lawyers. Shakur became involved in political activism while attending the Borough of Manhattan Community College and the City College of New York. After graduation, she adopted the name Assata Shakur and briefly joined the Black Panther Party before becoming a member of the BLA. Between 1971 and 1973, Shakur was charged with several crimes, leading to a multi-state manhunt. On May 2, 1973, Shakur, along with BLA members Zayd Malik Shakur and Sundiata Acoli, were stopped on the New Jersey Turnpike. The incident escalated into a shootout with State Troopers Werner Foerster and James Harper. Foerster was killed and Harper was wounded; Zayd Shakur was killed, and both Assata Shakur and Acoli were wounded. At her 1977 trial, Shakur was convicted on multiple charges, including the murder of Foerster and the assault of Harper, and was sentenced to life plus 26 to 33 years in prison. Shakur maintained that she could not have fired the shots that wounded Harper and killed Foerster, as her right arm had been injured by police gunfire early in the confrontation. While serving her sentence at the Clinton Correctional Facility for Women in New Jersey, Shakur escaped in 1979 with the assistance of members of the BLA and the May 19th Communist Organization. She was granted political asylum in Cuba in 1984, where she resided for the remainder of her life despite ongoing efforts by the U.S. government to secure her extradition. In 2013, the FBI added her to its FBI Most Wanted Terrorists list under the name Joanne Deborah Chesimard, making her the first woman to be listed. Shakur died on September 25, 2025, at the age of 78, according to the Cuban Foreign Ministry.

Infobox

Born
JoAnne Deborah Byron(1947-07-16)July 16, 1947[a]New York City, New York, U.S.
Died
September 25, 2025(2025-09-25) (aged 78)Havana, Cuba
Other names
Assata Shakur
Occupation
Political activist
Known for
Black Liberation Army and subsequent exile in Cuba; first woman added to FBI Most Wanted Terrorists list; godmother of Tupac Shakur
Notable work
Assata: An Autobiography
Spouse
mw- Louis Chesimard (m. 1967; div. 1970)
Children
1
Allegiance
Black Liberation Army (1971–1981)Black Panther Party (1970)
Convictions
First degree murder Atrocious assault and battery Assault and battery against a police officer Assault with a dangerous weapon Assault with intent to kill Illegal possession of a weapon
Criminal penalty
Life imprisonment
Escaped
November 2, 1979
Escape end
Never captured; remained a fugitive for 45 years, 327 days after her escape.

Tables

· Criminal charges and dispositions
Attempted armed robbery at Statler Hilton HotelApril 5, 1971
Attempted armed robbery at Statler Hilton HotelApril 5, 1971
Criminal charge
Attempted armed robbery at Statler Hilton HotelApril 5, 1971
Court
New York Supreme Court, New York County
Arraignment
November 22, 1977
Proceedings
None
Disposition
Dismissed
Bank robbery in QueensAugust 23, 1971
Bank robbery in QueensAugust 23, 1971
Criminal charge
Bank robbery in QueensAugust 23, 1971
Court
United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York
Arraignment
July 20, 1973
Proceedings
January 5–16, 1976
Disposition
Acquitted
Bank robbery in Bronx: Conspiracy, robbery, and assault with a deadly weaponSeptember 1, 1972
Bank robbery in Bronx: Conspiracy, robbery, and assault with a deadly weaponSeptember 1, 1972
Criminal charge
Bank robbery in Bronx: Conspiracy, robbery, and assault with a deadly weaponSeptember 1, 1972
Court
United States District Court for the Southern District of New York
Arraignment
August 1, 1973
Proceedings
December 3–14, 1973
Disposition
Hung jury
December 19–28, 1973
December 19–28, 1973
Criminal charge
December 19–28, 1973
Court
Acquitted
Kidnapping of James E. FreemanDecember 28, 1972
Kidnapping of James E. FreemanDecember 28, 1972
Criminal charge
Kidnapping of James E. FreemanDecember 28, 1972
Court
N.Y. Supreme Court, Kings County
Arraignment
May 30, 1974
Proceedings
September 6 – December 19, 1975
Disposition
Acquitted
Murder of Richard NelsonJanuary 2, 1973
Murder of Richard NelsonJanuary 2, 1973
Criminal charge
Murder of Richard NelsonJanuary 2, 1973
Court
N.Y. Supreme Court, New York County
Arraignment
May 29, 1974
Proceedings
None
Disposition
Dismissed
Attempted murder of policemen Michael O'Reilly and Roy PollianaJanuary 23, 1973
Attempted murder of policemen Michael O'Reilly and Roy PollianaJanuary 23, 1973
Criminal charge
Attempted murder of policemen Michael O'Reilly and Roy PollianaJanuary 23, 1973
Court
N.Y. Supreme Court, Queens County
Arraignment
May 11, 1974
Proceedings
None
Disposition
Dismissed
Turnpike shootout: First-degree murder, second-degree murder, atrocious assault and battery, assault and battery against a police officer, assault with a dangerous weapon, assault with intent to kill, illegal possession of a weapon, and armed robberyMay 2, 1973
Turnpike shootout: First-degree murder, second-degree murder, atrocious assault and battery, assault and battery against a police officer, assault with a dangerous weapon, assault with intent to kill, illegal possession of a weapon, and armed robberyMay 2, 1973
Criminal charge
Turnpike shootout: First-degree murder, second-degree murder, atrocious assault and battery, assault and battery against a police officer, assault with a dangerous weapon, assault with intent to kill, illegal possession of a weapon, and armed robberyMay 2, 1973
Court
N.J. Superior Court, Middlesex County
Arraignment
May 3, 1973
Proceedings
October 9–23, 1973
Disposition
Change of venue
January 1 – February 1, 1974
January 1 – February 1, 1974
Criminal charge
January 1 – February 1, 1974
Court
Mistrial due to pregnancy
February 15 – March 25, 1977
February 15 – March 25, 1977
Criminal charge
February 15 – March 25, 1977
Court
Convicted
Source: Shakur, 1987, p. xiv.
Source: Shakur, 1987, p. xiv.
Criminal charge
Source: Shakur, 1987, p. xiv.
Criminal charge
Court
Arraignment
Proceedings
Disposition
Attempted armed robbery at Statler Hilton HotelApril 5, 1971
New York Supreme Court, New York County
November 22, 1977
None
Dismissed
Bank robbery in QueensAugust 23, 1971
United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York
July 20, 1973
January 5–16, 1976
Acquitted
Bank robbery in Bronx: Conspiracy, robbery, and assault with a deadly weaponSeptember 1, 1972
United States District Court for the Southern District of New York
August 1, 1973
December 3–14, 1973
Hung jury
December 19–28, 1973
Acquitted
Kidnapping of James E. FreemanDecember 28, 1972
Supreme Court, Kings County
May 30, 1974
September 6 – December 19, 1975
Acquitted
Murder of Richard NelsonJanuary 2, 1973
Supreme Court, New York County
May 29, 1974
None
Dismissed
Attempted murder of policemen Michael O'Reilly and Roy PollianaJanuary 23, 1973
Supreme Court, Queens County
May 11, 1974
None
Dismissed
Turnpike shootout: First-degree murder, second-degree murder, atrocious assault and battery, assault and battery against a police officer, assault with a dangerous weapon, assault with intent to kill, illegal possession of a weapon, and armed robberyMay 2, 1973
Superior Court, Middlesex County
May 3, 1973
October 9–23, 1973
Change of venue
January 1 – February 1, 1974
Mistrial due to pregnancy
February 15 – March 25, 1977
Convicted
Source: Shakur, 1987, p. xiv.

References

  1. The Federal Bureau of Investigation notes that Shakur also used August 19, 1952, as her birthdate.
  2. Note that the New York Times source given here reverses the roles of Zayd Shakur and Acoli.
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    https://books.google.com/books?id=kVVp9RLqlYwC&pg=PA50
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  7. Chicago Tribune
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  9. "JOANNE DEBORAH CHESIMARD"
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  36. The New York Times
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  37. The New York Times
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  114. Kamau Sadiki (born Fred W. X. Hilton), a co-defendant who shared a cell with Shakur during their trial for armed robbery
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  118. The New York Times
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  121. The Hartford Courant (May 30, 1974). "Accused Police Slayer Arraigned in 2 Cases", p. 29D.
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  124. Christol, 2001, p. 140. Her other texts in the book are a July 4, 1973, speech ("To My People"), which was broadcast on
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  128. The New York Times (January 17, 1976), "Joanne Chesimard Is Acquitted In Robbery of a Bank in Queens Archived August 24,
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  129. Rodriguez, 2006, p. 63.
  130. Shakur, 1987, p. 161.
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  131. Taylor, Mark Lewis (January 17, 1999), "Soapbox; Flight From Justice Archived July 27, 2018, at the Wayback Machine". Th
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