| Res. | Record | Opponent | Method | Event | Date | Round | Time | Location | Notes |
| Win | 23–3 | Dan Hooker | Submission (arm-triangle choke) | UFC Fight Night: Tsarukyan vs. Hooker | November 22, 2025 | 2 | 3:34 | Al Rayyan, Qatar | Performance of the Night. |
| Win | 22–3 | Charles Oliveira | Decision (split) | UFC 300 | April 13, 2024 | 3 | 5:00 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | UFC Lightweight title eliminator. |
| Win | 21–3 | Beneil Dariush | KO (knee and punches) | UFC on ESPN: Dariush vs. Tsarukyan | December 2, 2023 | 1 | 1:04 | Austin, Texas, United States | Performance of the Night. |
| Win | 20–3 | Joaquim Silva | TKO (punches) | UFC on ESPN: Vettori vs. Cannonier | June 17, 2023 | 3 | 3:25 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | |
| Win | 19–3 | Damir Ismagulov | Decision (unanimous) | UFC Fight Night: Cannonier vs. Strickland | December 17, 2022 | 3 | 5:00 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | |
| Loss | 18–3 | Mateusz Gamrot | Decision (unanimous) | UFC on ESPN: Tsarukyan vs. Gamrot | June 25, 2022 | 5 | 5:00 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | Fight of the Night. |
| Win | 18–2 | Joel Álvarez | TKO (punches) | UFC Fight Night: Makhachev vs. Green | February 26, 2022 | 2 | 1:57 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | Performance of the Night. |
| Win | 17–2 | Christos Giagos | TKO (punches) | UFC Fight Night: Smith vs. Spann | September 18, 2021 | 1 | 2:09 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | Performance of the Night. |
| Win | 16–2 | Matt Frevola | Decision (unanimous) | UFC 257 | January 24, 2021 | 3 | 5:00 | Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates | Catchweight (157 lb) bout; Tsarukyan missed weight. |
| Win | 15–2 | Davi Ramos | Decision (unanimous) | UFC Fight Night: Figueiredo vs. Benavidez 2 | July 18, 2020 | 3 | 5:00 | Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates | |
| Win | 14–2 | Olivier Aubin-Mercier | Decision (unanimous) | UFC 240 | July 27, 2019 | 3 | 5:00 | Edmonton, Alberta, Canada | |
| Loss | 13–2 | Islam Makhachev | Decision (unanimous) | UFC Fight Night: Overeem vs. Oleinik | April 20, 2019 | 3 | 5:00 | Saint Petersburg, Russia | Fight of the Night. |
| Win | 13–1 | Felipe Olivieri | KO (head kick) | League S-70: Plotforma Cup 2018 | August 22, 2018 | 3 | 1:25 | Sochi, Russia | |
| Win | 12–1 | Júnior Assunção | Decision (unanimous) | Modern Fighting Pankration 220 | May 26, 2018 | 3 | 5:00 | Khabarovsk, Russia | Defended the FEMFP Lightweight Championship. |
| Win | 11–1 | Wu Haotian | TKO (spinning back kick to the body and punches) | Gods of War World MMA Championship | March 24, 2018 | 3 | 0:31 | Beijing, China | |
| Win | 10–1 | Takenori Sato | Decision (unanimous) | Modern Fighting Pankration 214 | December 2, 2017 | 3 | 5:00 | Khabarovsk, Russia | Won the FEMFP Lightweight Championship. |
| Win | 9–1 | Kim Kyung-pyo | Decision (unanimous) | Road FC 43 | October 28, 2017 | 3 | 5:00 | Seoul, South Korea | |
| Win | 8–1 | Márcio Breno | Submission (rear-naked choke) | League S-70: Plotforma Cup 2017 | August 8, 2017 | 1 | 2:54 | Sochi, Russia | Return to Lightweight. |
| Win | 7–1 | Nizamuddin Ramazanov | Submission (rear-naked choke) | Modern Fighting Pankration 209 | May 13, 2017 | 1 | 2:27 | Khabarovsk, Russia | Featherweight debut. |
| Win | 6–1 | Gustavo Wurlitzer | Submission (rear-naked choke) | Octagon Fighting Sensation 11 | March 4, 2017 | 1 | 3:22 | Moscow, Russia | |
| Win | 5–1 | Alexander Belikh | Submission (guillotine choke) | Modern Fighting Pankration: Eastern Rubicon 2 | December 10, 2016 | 1 | 2:51 | Khabarovsk, Russia | |
| Win | 4–1 | Dmitriy Shkrabiy | TKO (punches) | Modern Fighting Pankration 204 | November 5, 2016 | 1 | 2:21 | Vladivostok, Russia | |
| Win | 3–1 | Alexander Merezhko | Submission (anaconda choke) | Modern Fighting Pankration: Governor's Pankration Cup 2016 | October 21, 2016 | 2 | 1:28 | Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia | |
| Win | 2–1 | Ali Khaibulaev | KO (punch) | Modern Fighting Pankration: Cup of Administration in Modern Pankration | May 6, 2016 | 1 | 0:33 | Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia | |
| Loss | 1–1 | Alexander Belikh | KO (punch) | Modern Fighting Pankration: Eastern Rubicon | December 12, 2015 | 1 | 0:30 | Khabarovsk, Russia | |
| Win | 1–0 | Shamil Olokhanov | TKO (punches) | Modern Fighting Pankration: Assault Nights of Spassk 2015 | September 25, 2015 | 1 | 2:47 | Spassk-Dalny, Russia | Lightweight debut. |