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Apollo 11

Updated: Wikipedia source

Apollo 11

Apollo 11 (July 16–24, 1969) was the fifth crewed flight in the United States Apollo program and the first spaceflight to land humans on the Moon. Commander Neil Armstrong and Lunar Module Pilot Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin landed the Lunar Module Eagle on July 20 at 20:17 UTC, and Armstrong became the first person to step onto the surface about six hours later, at 02:56 UTC on July 21. Aldrin joined him 19 minutes afterward, and together they spent about two and a half hours exploring the site they had named Tranquility Base upon landing. They collected 47.5 pounds (21.5 kg) of lunar material before re-entering the Lunar Module. In total, they were on the Moon’s surface for 21 hours, 36 minutes before returning to the Command Module Columbia, which remained in lunar orbit, piloted by Michael Collins. Apollo 11 was launched by a Saturn V rocket from Kennedy Space Center in Florida, on July 16 at 13:32 UTC (9:32 am EDT, local time). The Apollo spacecraft consisted of three parts: the command module (CM), which housed the three astronauts and was the only part to return to Earth; the service module (SM) providing propulsion, electrical power, oxygen, and water to the command module; and the Lunar Module (LM), which had two stages—a descent stage with a large engine and fuel tanks for landing on the Moon, and a lighter ascent stage containing a cabin for two astronauts and a small engine to return them to lunar orbit. After being sent to the Moon by the Saturn V's third stage, the astronauts separated the spacecraft and traveled for three days until they entered lunar orbit. Armstrong and Aldrin then moved into Eagle and landed in the Mare Tranquillitatis on July 20. The astronauts used Eagle's ascent stage to lift off from the lunar surface and rejoin Collins in the command module. They jettisoned Eagle before performing the maneuvers that propelled Columbia out of the last of its 30 lunar orbits onto a trajectory back to Earth. They returned to Earth and splashed down in the Pacific Ocean on July 24 at 16:35:35 UTC, after more than eight days in space. Armstrong's first step onto the lunar surface was broadcast on live television to a worldwide audience. He described it as "one small step for [a] man, one giant leap for mankind." Apollo 11 provided a U.S. victory in the Space Race against the Soviet Union, and fulfilled the national goal set in 1961 by President John F. Kennedy: "before this decade is out, of landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth".

Infobox

Mission type
Crewed lunar landing (G)
Operator
NASA
COSPAR ID
mw- CSM: 1969-059ALM: 1969-059C
SATCAT no.
CSM: 4039LM: 4041
Mission duration
8 days, 3 hours, 18 minutes, 35 seconds
Spacecraft
Apollo CSM-107Apollo LM-5
Manufacturer
CSM: North American RockwellLM: Grumman
Launch mass
109,646 lb (49,735 kg)
Landing mass
10,873 lb (4,932 kg)
Crew size
3
Members
Neil ArmstrongMichael CollinsBuzz Aldrin
Callsign
CSM: ColumbiaLM: EagleOn surface: Tranquility Base
Launch date
July 16, 1969, 13:32:00 (1969-07-16UTC13:32Z) UTC (9:32 am EDT)
Rocket
Saturn V SA-506
Launch site
Kennedy, LC‑39A
Recovered by
USS Hornet
Landing date
July 20, 1969, 20:17:40 UTC
Landing site
Tranquility Base,Mare Tranquillitatis(0°40′27″N 23°28′23″E / 0.67416°N 23.47314°E / 0.67416; 23.47314)
Reference system
Selenocentric
Periselene altitude
100.9 km (54.5 nmi; 62.7 mi)
Aposelene altitude
122.4 km (66.1 nmi; 76.1 mi)
Inclination
1.25°
Period
2 hours
Epoch
July 19, 1969, 21:44 UTC
Spacecraft component
Apollo Lunar Module
Orbital insertion
July 19, 1969, 17:21:50 UTC
Orbital departure
July 22, 1969, 04:55:42 UTC
Orbits
30
Return launch
July 21, 1969, 17:54:00 UTC
Sample mass
47.51 lb (21.55 kg)
Surface EVAs
1
EVA duration
2 hours, 31 minutes, 40 seconds
Docking date
July 21, 1969, 21:35:00 UTC
Undocking date
July 21, 1969, 23:41:31 UTC
Time docked
2 hours, 6 minutes, 31 seconds

Tables

· Personnel › Prime crew
Commander
Commander
Position
Commander
Astronaut
Neil ArmstrongSecond and last spaceflight
Command Module Pilot
Command Module Pilot
Position
Command Module Pilot
Astronaut
Michael CollinsSecond and last spaceflight
Lunar Module Pilot
Lunar Module Pilot
Position
Lunar Module Pilot
Astronaut
Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin Jr.Second and last spaceflight
Position
Astronaut
Commander
Neil ArmstrongSecond and last spaceflight
Command Module Pilot
Michael CollinsSecond and last spaceflight
Lunar Module Pilot
Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin Jr.Second and last spaceflight
· Personnel › Backup crew
Commander
Commander
Position
Commander
Astronaut
Jim Lovell
Command Module Pilot
Command Module Pilot
Position
Command Module Pilot
Astronaut
William Anders
Lunar Module Pilot
Lunar Module Pilot
Position
Lunar Module Pilot
Astronaut
Fred Haise
Position
Astronaut
Commander
Jim Lovell
Command Module Pilot
William Anders
Lunar Module Pilot
Fred Haise
Apollo 11 flight directors · Personnel › Flight directors
Clifford E. Charlesworth
Clifford E. Charlesworth
Name
Clifford E. Charlesworth
Shift
1
Team
Green
Activities
Launch and extravehicular activity (EVA)
Gerald D. Griffin
Gerald D. Griffin
Name
Gerald D. Griffin
Shift
1
Team
Gold
Activities
Backup for shift 1
Gene Kranz
Gene Kranz
Name
Gene Kranz
Shift
2
Team
White
Activities
Lunar landing
Glynn Lunney
Glynn Lunney
Name
Glynn Lunney
Shift
3
Team
Black
Activities
Lunar ascent
Milton Windler
Milton Windler
Name
Milton Windler
Shift
4
Team
Maroon
Activities
Planning
Name
Shift
Team
Activities
Clifford E. Charlesworth
1
Green
Launch and extravehicular activity (EVA)
Gerald D. Griffin
1
Gold
Backup for shift 1
Gene Kranz
2
White
Lunar landing
Glynn Lunney
3
Black
Lunar ascent
Milton Windler
4
Maroon
Planning
Other personnel · Personnel › Other key personnel
Farouk El-Baz
Farouk El-Baz
Name
Farouk El-Baz
Activities
Geologist, studied geology of the Moon, identified landing locations, trained pilots
Kurt Debus
Kurt Debus
Name
Kurt Debus
Activities
Rocket scientist, supervised construction of launch pads and infrastructure
Jamye Flowers
Jamye Flowers
Name
Jamye Flowers
Activities
Secretary for astronauts
Eleanor Foraker
Eleanor Foraker
Name
Eleanor Foraker
Activities
Tailor who designed space suits
Jack Garman
Jack Garman
Name
Jack Garman
Activities
Computer engineer and technician
Millicent Goldschmidt
Millicent Goldschmidt
Name
Millicent Goldschmidt
Activities
Microbiologist who designed aseptic lunar material collection techniques and trained astronauts
Eldon C. Hall
Eldon C. Hall
Name
Eldon C. Hall
Activities
Apollo Guidance Computer hardware designer
Margaret Hamilton
Margaret Hamilton
Name
Margaret Hamilton
Activities
Onboard flight computer software engineer
John Houbolt
John Houbolt
Name
John Houbolt
Activities
Route planner
Gene Shoemaker
Gene Shoemaker
Name
Gene Shoemaker
Activities
Geologist who trained astronauts in field geology
Bill Tindall
Bill Tindall
Name
Bill Tindall
Activities
Coordinated mission techniques
Name
Activities
Farouk El-Baz
Geologist, studied geology of the Moon, identified landing locations, trained pilots
Kurt Debus
Rocket scientist, supervised construction of launch pads and infrastructure
Jamye Flowers
Secretary for astronauts
Eleanor Foraker
Tailor who designed space suits
Jack Garman
Computer engineer and technician
Millicent Goldschmidt
Microbiologist who designed aseptic lunar material collection techniques and trained astronauts
Eldon C. Hall
Apollo Guidance Computer hardware designer
Margaret Hamilton
Onboard flight computer software engineer
John Houbolt
Route planner
Gene Shoemaker
Geologist who trained astronauts in field geology
Bill Tindall
Coordinated mission techniques
· 8-Day NASA Mission timeline [9-Days]
Launch and Translunar Flight
Launch and Translunar Flight
Date & Mission Day
Launch and Translunar Flight
July 16, 1969 (Day 1)
July 16, 1969 (Day 1)
Date & Mission Day
July 16, 1969 (Day 1)
Summary & Milestones
Mission Day 1 (Launch from Earth) Summary (All times are in Earth-based Eastern Standard Time (EST) Liftoff at 09:32 EST (13:32 UTC) from Kennedy Space Center LC-39A Passed through Earth's atmosphere ~09:36 EST Reached Earth orbit at ~09:44 EST (~12 minutes after launch) Trans-lunar injection burn began at ~12:22 EST Escaped Earth's gravitational influence at ~16:16 EST Carried goodwill disc from 73 nations and Apollo 1 tribute Backup crew: Lovell, Haise, Anders Significant radio and television communications relayed to NASA's Manned Spacecraft Center
July 17, 1969 (Day 2)
July 17, 1969 (Day 2)
Date & Mission Day
July 17, 1969 (Day 2)
Summary & Milestones
Mission Day 2 (En Route to the Moon) Summary First live television broadcast from space at 03:58 EST Mid-course correction maneuver completed Crew ate first hot meals in space Collins noted a minor booster vibration Continued communication via Deep Space Network
July 18, 1969 (Day 3)
July 18, 1969 (Day 3)
Date & Mission Day
July 18, 1969 (Day 3)
Summary & Milestones
Mission Day 3 (Final System Checks) Summary Lunar Module Eagle inspected through tunnel Second television broadcast Armstrong: Earth is a “beautiful oasis in space” Command Module (CM) humorously renamed "the spacecraft formerly known as Columbia"
Lunar Orbit and Surface Operations
Lunar Orbit and Surface Operations
Date & Mission Day
Lunar Orbit and Surface Operations
July 19, 1969 (Day 4)
July 19, 1969 (Day 4)
Date & Mission Day
July 19, 1969 (Day 4)
Summary & Milestones
Mission Day 4 (Enter Lunar Orbit) Summary Entered Moon's gravitational sphere ~13:22 EST Lunar orbit insertion (LOI) burn executed behind the Moon lunar orbits completed Sea of Tranquility confirmed as landing site Photographic reconnaissance by Collins
July 20, 1969 (Day 5)
July 20, 1969 (Day 5)
Date & Mission Day
July 20, 1969 (Day 5)
Summary & Milestones
Mission Day 5 (Moon Landing and First Moonwalk) Summary Lunar Module (LM) Eagle undocked; descent initiated; 1202 program alarm resolved LANDED AT 16:17 EST – “THE EAGLE HAS LANDED” First extravehicular activity (EVA): Armstrong and Aldrin began moonwalk at 22:56 EST "That's one small step..." / "Magnificent desolation" U.S. flag planted, experiments deployed 21.5 kg of lunar material collected Broadcast watched live by an estimated 600 million people worldwide, one of the most significant television events of the 20th century
July 21, 1969 (Day 6)
July 21, 1969 (Day 6)
Date & Mission Day
July 21, 1969 (Day 6)
Summary & Milestones
Mission Day 6 (Lunar Liftoff and Docking) Summary Lunar module (LM) ascent from Moon at 13:54 EST Docking with Command Module successful LM jettisoned into lunar orbit (final crash site unknown)
Return to Earth
Return to Earth
Date & Mission Day
Return to Earth
July 22, 1969 (Day 7)
July 22, 1969 (Day 7)
Date & Mission Day
July 22, 1969 (Day 7)
Summary & Milestones
Mission Day 7 (Begin Return to Earth) Summary Trans-Earth injection burn initiated Routine television and radio updates continued Crew demonstrated weightlessness Lunar dust noted to smell like “wet ashes”
July 23, 1969 (Day 8)
July 23, 1969 (Day 8)
Date & Mission Day
July 23, 1969 (Day 8)
Summary & Milestones
Mission Day 8 (Final Space Day) Summary Final television broadcast: reflections and gratitude shared at 21:17 EST Crew donned biological isolation garments Final reentry checks and orientation
July 24, 1969 (Day 9)
July 24, 1969 (Day 9)
Date & Mission Day
July 24, 1969 (Day 9)
Summary & Milestones
Mission Day 9 (Splashdown and Recovery) Summary Reentry began ~12:35 EST Splashdown at 12:50 EST in the Pacific Ocean Recovery by USS Hornet Crew entered Mobile Quarantine Facility (MQF); greeted by President Nixon Total mission duration: 8 days, 3 hours, 18 minutes
Date & Mission Day
Summary & Milestones
Launch and Translunar Flight
July 16, 1969 (Day 1)
Mission Day 1 (Launch from Earth) Summary (All times are in Earth-based Eastern Standard Time (EST) Liftoff at 09:32 EST (13:32 UTC) from Kennedy Space Center LC-39A Passed through Earth's atmosphere ~09:36 EST Reached Earth orbit at ~09:44 EST (~12 minutes after launch) Trans-lunar injection burn began at ~12:22 EST Escaped Earth's gravitational influence at ~16:16 EST Carried goodwill disc from 73 nations and Apollo 1 tribute Backup crew: Lovell, Haise, Anders Significant radio and television communications relayed to NASA's Manned Spacecraft Center
July 17, 1969 (Day 2)
Mission Day 2 (En Route to the Moon) Summary First live television broadcast from space at 03:58 EST Mid-course correction maneuver completed Crew ate first hot meals in space Collins noted a minor booster vibration Continued communication via Deep Space Network
July 18, 1969 (Day 3)
Mission Day 3 (Final System Checks) Summary Lunar Module Eagle inspected through tunnel Second television broadcast Armstrong: Earth is a “beautiful oasis in space” Command Module (CM) humorously renamed "the spacecraft formerly known as Columbia"
Lunar Orbit and Surface Operations
July 19, 1969 (Day 4)
Mission Day 4 (Enter Lunar Orbit) Summary Entered Moon's gravitational sphere ~13:22 EST Lunar orbit insertion (LOI) burn executed behind the Moon lunar orbits completed Sea of Tranquility confirmed as landing site Photographic reconnaissance by Collins
July 20, 1969 (Day 5)
Mission Day 5 (Moon Landing and First Moonwalk) Summary Lunar Module (LM) Eagle undocked; descent initiated; 1202 program alarm resolved LANDED AT 16:17 EST – “THE EAGLE HAS LANDED” First extravehicular activity (EVA): Armstrong and Aldrin began moonwalk at 22:56 EST "That's one small step..." / "Magnificent desolation" U.S. flag planted, experiments deployed 21.5 kg of lunar material collected Broadcast watched live by an estimated 600 million people worldwide, one of the most significant television events of the 20th century
July 21, 1969 (Day 6)
Mission Day 6 (Lunar Liftoff and Docking) Summary Lunar module (LM) ascent from Moon at 13:54 EST Docking with Command Module successful LM jettisoned into lunar orbit (final crash site unknown)
Return to Earth
July 22, 1969 (Day 7)
Mission Day 7 (Begin Return to Earth) Summary Trans-Earth injection burn initiated Routine television and radio updates continued Crew demonstrated weightlessness Lunar dust noted to smell like “wet ashes”
July 23, 1969 (Day 8)
Mission Day 8 (Final Space Day) Summary Final television broadcast: reflections and gratitude shared at 21:17 EST Crew donned biological isolation garments Final reentry checks and orientation
July 24, 1969 (Day 9)
Mission Day 9 (Splashdown and Recovery) Summary Reentry began ~12:35 EST Splashdown at 12:50 EST in the Pacific Ocean Recovery by USS Hornet Crew entered Mobile Quarantine Facility (MQF); greeted by President Nixon Total mission duration: 8 days, 3 hours, 18 minutes

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