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Apollo

Updated: Wikipedia source

Apollo

Apollo is one of the Olympian deities in ancient Greek and Roman religion, as well as Greek and Roman mythology. Apollo has been recognized as a god of archery, music and dance, truth and prophecy, healing and diseases, the Sun and light, poetry, and more. One of the most important and complex of the Greek gods, he is the son of Zeus and Leto, and the twin brother of Artemis, goddess of the hunt. He is considered to be the most beautiful god and is represented as the ideal of the kouros (ephebe, or a beardless, athletic youth). Apollo is known in Greek-influenced Etruscan mythology as Apulu. As the patron deity of Delphi (Apollo Pythios), Apollo is an oracular god—the prophetic deity of the Delphic Oracle and the deity of ritual purification. His oracles were often consulted for guidance in various matters. He was in general seen as the god who affords help and wards off evil, and is referred to as Alexicacus, the "averter of evil". Medicine and healing are associated with Apollo, whether through the god himself or mediated through his son Asclepius. Apollo delivered people from epidemics, yet he is also a god who could bring ill health and deadly plague with his arrows. The invention of archery itself is credited to Apollo and his sister Artemis. Apollo is usually described as carrying a silver or golden bow and a quiver of arrows. As the god of mousike, Apollo presides over all music, songs, dance, and poetry. He is the inventor of string-music and the frequent companion of the Muses, functioning as their chorus leader in celebrations. The lyre is a common attribute of Apollo. Protection of the young is one of the best attested facets of his panhellenic cult persona. As a kourotrophos, Apollo is concerned with the health and education of children, and he presided over their passage into adulthood. Long hair, which was the prerogative of boys, was cut at the coming of age (ephebeia) and dedicated to Apollo. The god himself is depicted with long, uncut hair to symbolise his eternal youth. Apollo is an important pastoral deity, and he was the patron of herdsmen and shepherds. Protection of herds, flocks and crops from diseases, pests and predators were his primary rustic duties. On the other hand, Apollo also encouraged the founding of new towns and the establishment of civil constitutions, is associated with dominion over colonists, and was the giver of laws. His oracles were often consulted before setting laws in a city. Apollo Agyieus was the protector of the streets, public places and home entrances. In Hellenistic times, especially during the 5th century BCE, as Apollo Helios he became identified among Greeks with Helios, the personification of the Sun. Although Latin theological works from at least 1st century BCE identified Apollo with Sol, there was no conflation between the two among the classical Latin poets until 1st century CE.

Infobox

Abode
Mount Olympus
Planet
SunMercury (antiquity)
Animals
Raven, swan, wolf
Symbol
Lyre, laurel wreath, python, bow and arrows
Tree
laurel, cypress
Mount
A chariot drawn by swans
Born
Delos
Parents
Zeus and Leto
Siblings
Artemis (twin), and many paternal half-siblings
Spouse
Cyrene
Children
Asclepius, Aristaeus, Corybantes, Hymen, Apollonis, Amphiaraus, Anius, Apis, Cycnus, Eurydice, Hector, Linus of Thrace, Lycomedes, Melaneus, Melite, Miletus, Mopsus, Oaxes, Oncius, Orpheus, Troilus, Phemonoe, Philammon, Tenerus, Trophonius, and various others
Celtic
Grannus

Tables

Amphithemis
Amphithemis
Offspring
Amphithemis
Mother
Acacallis
Source
Ap. Rhod.
Date
3rd cent. BC
Miletus
Miletus
Offspring
Miletus
Mother
Ant. Lib.
Source
2nd/3rd cent. AD
Naxos
Naxos
Offspring
Naxos
Phylacides, Philander
Phylacides, Philander
Offspring
Phylacides, Philander
Mother
Paus.
Source
2nd cent. AD
Oaxes
Oaxes
Offspring
Oaxes
Mother
Anchiale
Source
Servius
Date
4th/5th cent. AD
Eleuther
Eleuther
Offspring
Eleuther
Mother
Aethusa
Source
Apollod.
Date
1st/2nd cent. AD
Chrysorrhoas
Chrysorrhoas
Offspring
Chrysorrhoas
Mother
Agathippe
Source
Ps.-Plut. Fluv.
Date
2nd cent. AD
Linus
Linus
Offspring
Linus
Mother
Alciope
Miletus
Miletus
Offspring
Miletus
Mother
Areia
Source
Apollod.
Date
1st/2nd cent. AD
Deione
Deione
Offspring
Deione
Mother
Ovid Met.
Source
1st cent. AD
Eumolpus
Eumolpus
Offspring
Eumolpus
Mother
Astycome
Asclepius
Asclepius
Offspring
Asclepius
Mother
Arsinoe
Source
Apollod.
Date
1st/2nd cent. AD
Eriopis
Eriopis
Offspring
Eriopis
Arabus
Arabus
Offspring
Arabus
Mother
Babylon
Source
Pliny
Date
1st cent. AD
Orpheus
Orpheus
Offspring
Orpheus
Mother
Calliope
Source
Apollod.
Date
1st/2nd cent. AD
Ialemus
Ialemus
Offspring
Ialemus
Linus
Linus
Offspring
Linus
Mother
Calliope
Source
Apollod.
Date
1st/2nd cent. AD
Urania
Urania
Offspring
Urania
Mother
Hyg. Fab.
Source
1st cent. AD
Terpsichore
Terpsichore
Offspring
Terpsichore
Mother
Suda
Source
10th cent. AD
Delphus
Delphus
Offspring
Delphus
Mother
Celaeno
Source
Paus.
Date
2nd cent. AD
Melaina
Melaina
Offspring
Melaina
Mother
Paus.
Source
2nd cent. AD
Thyia
Thyia
Offspring
Thyia
Mother
Paus.
Source
2nd cent. AD
Philammon
Philammon
Offspring
Philammon
Mother
Chione
Source
Ovid Met.
Date
1st cent. AD
Leuconoe
Leuconoe
Offspring
Leuconoe
Mother
Hyg. Fab.
Source
1st cent. AD
Philonis
Philonis
Offspring
Philonis
Mother
Pherecydes
Source
5th cent. BC
Coronus
Coronus
Offspring
Coronus
Mother
Chrysorthe
Source
Paus.
Date
2nd cent. AD
Parthenos
Parthenos
Offspring
Parthenos
Mother
Chrysothemis
Source
Hyg. De astr.
Date
1st cent. BC/AD
Asclepius
Asclepius
Offspring
Asclepius
Mother
Coronis
Source
HH 19
Date
7th/6th cent. BC
Lycorus
Lycorus
Offspring
Lycorus
Mother
Corycia
Source
Paus.
Date
2nd cent. AD
Ion
Ion
Offspring
Ion
Mother
Creusa
Source
Euripides
Date
5th cent. BC
Aristaeus
Aristaeus
Offspring
Aristaeus
Mother
Cyrene
Source
Hes. Cat.
Date
6th cent. BC
Autuchos
Autuchos
Offspring
Autuchos
Mother
Schol. Ap. Rh.
Idmon
Idmon
Offspring
Idmon
The Curetes
The Curetes
Offspring
The Curetes
Mother
Danais
Source
Tzetzes
Date
12th cent. AD
Dryops
Dryops
Offspring
Dryops
Mother
Dia
Source
Tzetzes
Date
12th cent. AD
Amphissus
Amphissus
Offspring
Amphissus
Mother
Dryope
Source
Ant. Lib.
Date
2nd/3rd cent. AD
Agreus
Agreus
Offspring
Agreus
Mother
Euboea
Source
Hyg. Fab.
Date
1st cent. AD
Iamus
Iamus
Offspring
Iamus
Mother
Evadne
Source
Pindar
Date
5th cent. BC
Amphiaraus
Amphiaraus
Offspring
Amphiaraus
Mother
Hypermnestra
Source
Hyg. Fab.
Date
1st cent. AD
Hector
Hector
Offspring
Hector
Mother
Hecuba
Source
Stesichorus
Date
6th cent. BC
Cycnus
Cycnus
Offspring
Cycnus
Mother
Hyria
Source
Ant. Lib.
Date
2nd/3rd cent. AD
Icadius
Icadius
Offspring
Icadius
Mother
Lycia
Source
Servius
Date
4th/5th cent. AD
Patarus
Patarus
Offspring
Patarus
Mother
Steph. Byz.
Source
6th cent. AD
Mopsus
Mopsus
Offspring
Mopsus
Mother
Manto
Source
Strabo
Date
1st cent. AD
Ismenus, Tenerus
Ismenus, Tenerus
Offspring
Ismenus, Tenerus
Mother
Melia
Source
Paus.
Date
2nd cent. AD
Phagrus
Phagrus
Offspring
Phagrus
Mother
Othreis
Source
Ant. Lib.
Date
2nd/3rd cent. AD
Cynnes
Cynnes
Offspring
Cynnes
Mother
Parnethia
Lycomedes
Lycomedes
Offspring
Lycomedes
Mother
Parthenope
Source
Paus.
Date
2nd cent. AD
Cinyras
Cinyras
Offspring
Cinyras
Mother
Pharnace
Dorus, Laodocus, Polypoetes
Dorus, Laodocus, Polypoetes
Offspring
Dorus, Laodocus, Polypoetes
Mother
Phthia
Source
Apollod.
Date
1st/2nd cent. AD
Tenes
Tenes
Offspring
Tenes
Mother
Procleia
Source
Apollod.
Date
1st/2nd cent. AD
Linus
Linus
Offspring
Linus
Mother
Psamathe
Source
Paus.
Date
2nd cent. AD
The Corybantes
The Corybantes
Offspring
The Corybantes
Mother
Rhetia
Source
Pherecydes
Date
5th cent. BC
Thalia
Thalia
Offspring
Thalia
Mother
Apollod.
Source
1st/2nd cent. AD
Anius
Anius
Offspring
Anius
Mother
Rhoeo
Source
Diod. Sic.
Date
1st cent. BC
Ceos
Ceos
Offspring
Ceos
Mother
Rhodoessa
Source
Etym. M.
Date
12th cent. AD
Cicon
Cicon
Offspring
Cicon
Mother
Rhodope
Source
Etym. M.
Date
12th cent. AD
Syrus
Syrus
Offspring
Syrus
Mother
Sinope
Source
Plutarch
Date
1st/2nd cent. AD
Centaurus, Lapithes
Centaurus, Lapithes
Offspring
Centaurus, Lapithes
Mother
Stilbe
Source
Diod. Sic.
Date
1st cent. BC
Aineus
Aineus
Offspring
Aineus
Zeuxippus
Zeuxippus
Offspring
Zeuxippus
Mother
Syllis
Source
Paus.
Date
2nd cent. AD
Hymenaeus
Hymenaeus
Offspring
Hymenaeus
Mother
Terpsichore
Source
Tzetzes
Date
12th cent. AD
Clio
Clio
Offspring
Clio
Galeus
Galeus
Offspring
Galeus
Mother
Themisto
Source
Steph. Byz.
Date
6th cent. AD
Chaeron
Chaeron
Offspring
Chaeron
Mother
Thero
Source
Paus.
Date
2nd cent. AD
Ileus
Ileus
Offspring
Ileus
Mother
Urea
Source
Hyg. Fab.
Date
1st cent. AD
Trophonius
Trophonius
Offspring
Trophonius
Mother
Epicaste
Acraepheus
Acraepheus
Offspring
Acraepheus
Mother
No mother mentioned
Source
Steph. Byz.
Date
6th cent. AD
Chariclo
Chariclo
Offspring
Chariclo
Mother
Schol. Pind.
Erymanthus
Erymanthus
Offspring
Erymanthus
Marathus
Marathus
Offspring
Marathus
Mother
Suda
Source
10th cent. AD
Melaneus
Melaneus
Offspring
Melaneus
Mother
Ant. Lib.
Source
2nd/3rd cent. AD
Oncius
Oncius
Offspring
Oncius
Mother
Paus.
Source
2nd cent. AD
Phemonoe
Phemonoe
Offspring
Phemonoe
Pisus
Pisus
Offspring
Pisus
Mother
Servius
Source
4th/5th cent. AD
Cephisso, Apollonis, Borysthenis
Cephisso, Apollonis, Borysthenis
Offspring
Cephisso, Apollonis, Borysthenis
Mother
Eumelus
Troilus
Troilus
Offspring
Troilus
Mother
Apollod.
Source
1st/2nd cent. AD
Offspring
Mother
Source
Date
Amphithemis
Acacallis
Ap. Rhod.
3rd cent. BC
Miletus
Ant. Lib.
2nd/3rd cent. AD
Naxos
Phylacides, Philander
Paus.
2nd cent. AD
Oaxes
Anchiale
Servius
4th/5th cent. AD
Eleuther
Aethusa
Apollod.
1st/2nd cent. AD
Chrysorrhoas
Agathippe
Plut. Fluv.
2nd cent. AD
Linus
Alciope
Miletus
Areia
Apollod.
1st/2nd cent. AD
Deione
Ovid Met.
1st cent. AD
Eumolpus
Astycome
Asclepius
Arsinoe
Apollod.
1st/2nd cent. AD
Eriopis
Arabus
Babylon
Pliny
1st cent. AD
Orpheus
Calliope
Apollod.
1st/2nd cent. AD
Ialemus
Linus
Calliope
Apollod.
1st/2nd cent. AD
Urania
Hyg. Fab.
1st cent. AD
Terpsichore
Suda
10th cent. AD
Delphus
Celaeno
Paus.
2nd cent. AD
Melaina
Paus.
2nd cent. AD
Thyia
Paus.
2nd cent. AD
Philammon
Chione
Ovid Met.
1st cent. AD
Leuconoe
Hyg. Fab.
1st cent. AD
Philonis
Pherecydes
5th cent. BC
Coronus
Chrysorthe
Paus.
2nd cent. AD
Parthenos
Chrysothemis
Hyg. De astr.
1st cent. BC/AD
Asclepius
Coronis
HH 19
7th/6th cent. BC
Lycorus
Corycia
Paus.
2nd cent. AD
Ion
Creusa
Euripides
5th cent. BC
Aristaeus
Cyrene
Hes. Cat.
6th cent. BC
Autuchos
Schol. Ap. Rh.
Idmon
The Curetes
Danais
Tzetzes
12th cent. AD
Dryops
Dia
Tzetzes
12th cent. AD
Amphissus
Dryope
Ant. Lib.
2nd/3rd cent. AD
Agreus
Euboea
Hyg. Fab.
1st cent. AD
Iamus
Evadne
Pindar
5th cent. BC
Amphiaraus
Hypermnestra
Hyg. Fab.
1st cent. AD
Hector
Hecuba
Stesichorus
6th cent. BC
Cycnus
Hyria
Ant. Lib.
2nd/3rd cent. AD
Icadius
Lycia
Servius
4th/5th cent. AD
Patarus
Steph. Byz.
6th cent. AD
Mopsus
Manto
Strabo
1st cent. AD
Ismenus, Tenerus
Melia
Paus.
2nd cent. AD
Phagrus
Othreis
Ant. Lib.
2nd/3rd cent. AD
Cynnes
Parnethia
Lycomedes
Parthenope
Paus.
2nd cent. AD
Cinyras
Pharnace

References

  1. Attic, Ionic, Homeric and Koine Greek: Ἀπόλλων, romanized: Apóllōn, genitive: Ἀπόλλωνος, romanized: Apóllōnos Attic–Ioni
  2. Mousike (the art of the Muses) was an integral part of life in the ancient Greek world, and the term covered not only mu
  3. Vatican Museums 1015.
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  8. For the iconography of the Alexander–Helios type, see H. Hoffmann, 1963. "Helios", in Journal of the American Research C
  9. Cicero, On the Nature of the Gods, § 2.68
  10. Lucius Annaeus Cornutus, Greek Theology, § 65
  11. Joseph Fontenrose, "Apollo and Sol in the Latin poets of the first century BC", Transactions of the American Philologica
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  18. Visible Religion. Volume IV–V. Approaches to Iconology
    https://books.google.com/books?id=UesUAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA143
  19. The word usually appears in plural: Hesychius: ἀπέλλαι (apellai), σηκοί ("folds"), ἐκκλησίαι ("assemblies"), ἀρχαιρεσίαι
  20. Doric Greek verb: ἀπέλλάζειν ("to assemble"), and the festival ἀπέλλαι apellai), which surely belonged to Apollo. Nilsso
  21. Beekes, 2009, pp. 115, 118–119.
  22. "Meaning, Origin and History of the Name Apollo"
    http://www.behindthename.com/php/view.php?name=apollo
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  24. Freese 1911, p. 184.
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  27. Nilsson Vol I, p. 558
  28. The reading of Apaliunas and the possible identification with Apollo is due to Emil Forrer (1931). It was doubted by Kre
  29. Troy and the Trojan War: A Symposium Held at Bryn Mawr College, October 1984
  30. Anatolian Historical Phonology
    https://books.google.com/books?id=pgQowuFZeLUC&pg=PA338
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  34. Simbolismo divino
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  35. Aelian, On the Nature of Animals 4. 4 (A.F. Scholfield, tr.)
  36. Ovid, Metamorphoses 13.715.
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  37. Strabo, x. p. 451
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    https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=*sminqeu/s
  41. The epithet "Smintheus" has historically been confused with σμίνθος, "mouse", in association with Apollo's role as a god
  42. Suda, nu, 31
    https://www.cs.uky.edu/~raphael/sol/sol-entries/nu/31
  43. Harry Thurston Peck, Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities (1898), Eutresis
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  46. Euripides, Andromache 901
  47. παιών
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  48. κλάρος
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  51. Homer, Odyssey 17.494
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  56. Ogam
  57. Miranda J. Green, Dictionary of Celtic Myth and Legend, Thames and Hudson Ltd, 1997
  58. Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum XIII, 1863–1986; A. Ross, Pagan Celtic Britain, 1967; M.J. Green, The Gods of the Celts,
  59. J. Zwicker, Fontes Historiae Religionis Celticae, 1934–36, Berlin; Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum V, XI, XII, XIII; J. G
  60. W.J. Wedlake, The Excavation of the Shrine of Apollo at Nettleton, Wiltshire, 1956–1971, Society of Antiquaries of Londo
  61. M. Szabo, The Celtic Heritage in Hungary (Budapest 1971)
  62. Divinites et sanctuaires de la Gaule, E. Thevonat, 1968, Paris
  63. La religion des Celtes, J. de Vries, 1963, Paris
  64. J. Le Gall, Alesia, archeologie et histoire (Paris 1963).
  65. Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum XIII
  66. A History of Greece from the Earliest Times to the Death of Alexander the Great
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  67. www.britannica.com
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  69. Martin Nilsson (1967). "Die Geschicte der Giechischen Religion, Vol I." C.F.Beck Verlag.Munchen. p. 529
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  77. The Mycenaeans
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  79. The Mycenaean World
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  83. Ilias A 314. Martin Nilsson (1967). Vol I, p. 543
  84. Herbert W. Park (1956). The delphic oracle. Vol. I, p. 3
  85. Graf, Apollo, pp. 104–113; Burkert also notes in this context Archilochus Fr. 94.
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  87. Jane Ellen Harrison (2010): Themis: A study to the Social origins of Greek Religion. Cambridge University Press. p. 441.
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  90. Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies
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  100. For Śarva as a name of Shiva see: Apte, p. 910.
  101. For the association between Rudra and disease, with Rigvedic references, see: Bhandarkar, p. 146.
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  105. Lucian (attrib.), De Dea Syria 35–37.
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  117. Robertson, p. 98
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  119. IG XIV 269
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  130. Robertson p. 333
  131. Suda, pi.3130
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  146. "Callimachus, Hymn to Delos"
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  182. Antoninus Liberalis, Metamorphoses 35
  183. Homeric hymn to Pythian Apollo
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  185. Statius, Thebaid 5. 531
  186. Ovid, Metamorphoses 1. 434
  187. Euripides, Iphigenia in Tauris 1234
  188. Limenus, Paean to Apollo
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  191. Athenaeus, Deipnosophists 15.62
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  193. Strabo, Geography 9. 3. 12
  194. Homeric Hymn to Pythian Apollo
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  207. Hesiod, The Great Eoiae Fragment 16
  208. Antoninus Liberalis, Metamorphoses 23
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  210. Apollodorus, Bibliotheca 3.10.4
  211. Plutarch, Amatorius 761e
  212. Apollodorus, Bibliotheca 3.4.2
  213. Servius, Commentary on Aeneid 2.761
  214. Plutarch, Why the Oracles Cease To Give Answers 421c
  215. Apollo, Fritz Graf
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  222. Apollodorus, Bibliotheca 1.22
  223. Hyginus, Fabulae 55
  224. Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica 1. 758
  225. Quintus Smyrnaeus, Fall of Troy 3. 390
  226. Scholia on Pindar, Pythian Odes 4.160 citing Pherecydes
  227. Pausanias, Description of Greece 10. 11. 1
  228. Apollodorus, 3.10.4.
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  231. Hyginus, Fabulae 10
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  235. Hesiod, Catalogues of Women Fragment 83
  236. Stesichorus, Fr. 108; Tzetzes, On Lycophron 266; Porphyry in his Omissions states that Ibycus, Alexander, Euphorion and
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  238. Apollonius Rhodius. Argonautica ii, 846 ff
  239. The Cyclopedia, Or, Universal Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Literature, Volume 37
  240. Plato, Laws 653.4
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  241. The prefix A means "without" or "not", and polloi means "many", thus Apollo means "not many" or "united", referring to h
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  245. Diogenes Laërtius, 8.13
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  304. Aeneid
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  307. Tibullus, Elegies 2.3
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  313. Pindar, Pythian Ode 2 lines 15–17 with scholia
  314. Photius, 'Bibliotheca excerpts'
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  316. Smith 1873, s.v. Iapis.
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  317. Plutarch, Numa 4.5; cf. Hyginus, De astronomia, 2.14.
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  318. Eumelus, Fragment 35 (from Tzetzes, On Hesiod's Works & Days 23)
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  320. Plutarch, Of the Names of Rivers and Mountains, and Of Such Things as are to be Found Therein
  321. Tripp, s.v. Acacallis or Acalle, p. 1; Apollonius of Rhodes, 4.1491–4.
    https://www.loebclassics.com/view/apollonius_rhodes-argonautica/2009/pb_LCL001.449.xml
  322. Antoninus Liberalis, Metamorphoses 30.
    https://topostext.org/work/216#30
  323. Scholia on Apollonius Rhodius, 1491 ff.[non-primary source needed]
  324. Pausanias, 10.6.5.
    http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0525.tlg001.perseus-eng1:10.16.5
  325. Smith, s.v. Oaxes; Servius on Virgil's Eclogue 1.65.
    https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0104:entry=oaxes-bio-1&highlight=oaxes
  326. Apollodorus, 3.10.1.
    http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0548.tlg001.perseus-eng1:3.10.1
  327. Pseudo-Plutarch, De fluviis, 7.
    http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0094.tlg001.perseus-eng1:7
  328. Photius, Lexicon s. v. Linos[non-primary source needed]
  329. Apollodorus, 3.1.2.
    https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+3.1.2&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0022:book=3:chapter=1&highlight=Aria
  330. Smith, s.v. Deione.
    https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0104:entry=miletus-bio-1&highlight=deione
  331. Photius, Lexicon, s. v. Eumolpidai[non-primary source needed]
  332. Hard, p. 424; Apollodorus, 3.10.3.
    http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0548.tlg001.perseus-eng1:3.10.3
  333. Smith, s.v. Arsinoe (3).
    https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0104:entry=arsinoe-bio-3&highlight=eriopis
  334. Pliny the Elder, Natural History, 7.196, pp. 638, 639.
    https://www.loebclassics.com/view/pliny_elder-natural_history/1938/pb_LCL352.639.xml
  335. Apollodorus, 1.3.2.
    http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0548.tlg001.perseus-eng1:1.3.2
  336. Peck, s.v. Ialĕmus.
    https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0062%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DI%3Aentry+group%3D1%3Aentry%3Dialemus-harpers
  337. Smith, s.v. Urania (1); Hyginus, Fabulae 161.
    https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0104:entry=urania-bio-1
  338. Brill's New Pauly, s.v. Terpsichore; Suda λ 568.
    https://www.cs.uky.edu/~raphael/sol/sol-entries/lambda/568
  339. Pausanias, 10.6.3.
    http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160%3Abook%3D10%3Achapter%3D6%3Asection%3D3
  340. Grimal, s.v. Delphus, p. 131; Pausanias, 10.6.4.
    http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0525.tlg001.perseus-eng1:10.6.4
  341. Pausanias, 10.6.4.
    http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0525.tlg001.perseus-eng1:10.6.4
  342. Brill's New Jacoby, s.v. Philammon (1); Ovid, Metamorphoses 11.316–7.
    http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0028%3Abook%3D11%3Acard%3D266
  343. Smith, s.v. Philammon; Hyginus, Fabulae 161.
    https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0104:entry=philammon-bio-1&highlight=philammon
  344. BNJ 3 F120 [= Scholia on Homer's Odyssey, 19.432].
    https://scholarlyeditions-brill-com.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:fgrh.0003.bnjo-3-tr1-eng:f120
  345. Pausanias, 2.5.8.
    http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0525.tlg001.perseus-eng1:2.5.8
  346. Parada, s.v. Chrysothemis, p. 47; Hyginus, De astronomia 2.25.1.
    https://topostext.org/work/207#2.25.1
  347. Hard, p. 149; Homeric Hymn to Asclepius (16), 1–4; Diodorus Siculus, 5.74.6.
    https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA149
  348. Smith, s.v. Lycorus; Pausanias, 10.6.3.
    https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0104:entry=corycia-bio-1&highlight=lycorus
  349. Euripides, Ion 10.
    http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0006.tlg010.perseus-eng1:1-40
  350. Brill's New Pauly, s.v. Aristaeus (1); Smith, s.v. Aristaeus; Hesiod, Catalogue of Women fr. 159, pp. 266, 267; Hyginus,
    https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0104:entry=aristaeus-bio-1
  351. RE, s.v. Autuchos; Scholia on Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica, 2.498.
    https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/RE:Autuchos
  352. Tripp, s.v. Idmon, p. 316.
  353. RE, Danais (4); Tzetzes on Lycophron, 77.
    https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/RE:Dana%C3%AFs_4
  354. Brill's New Pauly, s.v. Dia (4); Tzetzes on Lycophron, 480; Scholia on Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica, 1.1213.
  355. Antoninus Liberalis, 32.
    https://topostext.org/work/216#32
  356. Hyginus, Fabulae 161.
    https://topostext.org/work/206#161
  357. Smith, s.v. Iamus; Pindar, Olympian 6.35 ff.
    https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DI%3Aentry+group%3D1%3Aentry%3Diamus-bio-1
  358. Smith, s.v. Amphiaraus; Hyginus, Fabulae 70.
    https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0104:entry=amphiaraus-bio-1
  359. Gantz, p. 561; Stesichorus, fr. 224 Campbell, pp. 156, 157 [= Euphorion, fr. 56 Powell = Scholia on Lycophron's Alexandr
    https://www.loebclassics.com/view/stesichorus_i-fragments/1991/pb_LCL476.157.xml
  360. Antoninus Liberalis, Metamorphoses 12.
    https://topostext.org/work/216#12
  361. Grimal, s.v. Icadius, p. 226; Servius on Virgil's Aeneid, 3.332.
    https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Serv.+A.+3.332&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0053
  362. RE, s.v. Pataros (1); Stephanus of Byzantium, s.v. Patara.
    https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/RE:Pataros_1
  363. Smith, s.v. Mopsus (2); Strabo, Geographica 14.5.16.
    https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0104:entry=mopsus-bio-2&highlight=mopsus
  364. Pausanias, 9.10.6.
    https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+9.10.6
  365. Antoninus Liberalis, 13.
    https://topostext.org/work/216#13
  366. Photius, Lexicon, s.v. Kynneios.[non-primary source needed]
  367. Parada, s.v. Lycomedes (3), p. 108; Pausanias, 7.4.1.
    http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0525.tlg001.perseus-eng1:7.4.1
  368. RE, s.v. Apollon.
    https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/RE:Apollon
  369. Apollodorus, 1.7.6.
    https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+1.7.6&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0022:book=1:chapter=7&highlight=Laodocus
  370. Apollodorus, E.3.23.
    https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0022%3Atext%3DEpitome%3Abook%3DE%3Achapter%3D3%3Asection%3D23
  371. Brill's New Pauly, s.v. Psamathe (2); Pausanias, 2.19.8.
    http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0525.tlg001.perseus-eng1:2.19.8
  372. BNJ 3 F48 [= Strabo, Geographica 10.3.21.
    http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0099.tlg001.perseus-eng1:10.3.21
  373. Brill's New Pauly, s.v. Thalia (1); Apollodorus, 1.3.4.
    http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0548.tlg001.perseus-eng1:1.3.4
  374. Smith, s.v. Rhoeo; Diodorus Siculus, 5.62.1.
    https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DR%3Aentry+group%3D3%3Aentry%3Drhoeo-bio-1
  375. RE, s.v. Apollon; Etymologicum Magnum 507.54.
    https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/RE:Apollon
  376. Grimal, s.v. Cicones, p. 102; Etymologicum Magnum 513.37.
    https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb10209806?page=778,779
  377. Plutarch, Lucullus 23.6.
    https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Plut.+Luc.+23.6&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2008.01.0046
  378. Smith, s.v. Stilbe; Diodorus Siculus, 4.69.1.
    https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0104:entry=stilbe-bio-1&highlight=stilbe
  379. Brill's New Pauly, s.v. Aeneus.
  380. Brill's New Pauly, s.v. Zeuxippus (2); Pausanias, 2.6.7.
    https://referenceworks.brill.com/display/entries/NPOE/e12216980.xml
  381. Tzetzes, Chiliades 13.599–600; Alciphron, Letters 1.16.
    https://archive.org/details/TzetzesCHILIADES/page/n468/mode/1up?view=theater
  382. Licymnius, fr. 768a.[non-primary source needed]
  383. Smith, s.v. Galeus; Stephanus of Byzantium, s.v. Galeotai.
    https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0104:entry=galeus-bio-1&highlight=galeus
  384. Pausanias, 9.40.6.
    http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0525.tlg001.perseus-eng1:9.40.6
  385. Brill's New Pauly, s.v. Trophonius.
  386. Smith, s.v. Acraephus; Stephanus of Byzantium, s.v. Akraiphia.
    https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0104:entry=acraepheus-bio-1&highlight=acraepheus
  387. Brill's New Pauly, s.v. Chariclo (1); Scholia on Pindar, Pythian 4.181.
  388. Grimal, s.v. Erymanthus (1), p. 153.
  389. Suda μ 177.
    https://www.cs.uky.edu/~raphael/sol/sol-entries/mu/177
  390. Antoninus Liberalis, Metamorphoses 4.
    https://topostext.org/work/216#4
  391. Pausanias, 8.25.4.
    https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160%3Abook%3D8%3Achapter%3D25%3Asection%3D4
  392. Brill's New Pauly, s.v. Phemonoe.
  393. Grimal, s.v. Pisus (2), p. 376; Servius on Virgil's Aeneid, 10.179.
    https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Serv.+A.+10.179&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0053
  394. Eumelus, fr. 35 West, pp. 250, 251.
    https://www.loebclassics.com/view/eumelus-epic_testimonia_fragments/2003/pb_LCL497.251.xml
  395. Brill's New Pauly, s.v. Troilus (1); Apollodorus, 3.12.5.
    http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0548.tlg001.perseus-eng1:3.12.5
  396. "The love-stories themselves were not told until later." Karl Kerenyi, The Gods of the Greeks 1951:140.
  397. Hyginus, Fabulae 203.
    https://topostext.org/work/206#203
  398. Ovid, Metamorphoses 1.452–567; Tripp, s.v. Daphne.
    https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0074%3Abook%3D1%3Acard%3D452
  399. Apollodorus, 1.7.8–9; cf. Homer, Iliad 9.557–560.
    http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0022%3Atext%3DLibrary%3Abook%3D1%3Achapter%3D7%3Asection%3D8
  400. Pausanias, Description of Greece, 7.23.4
    https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.%207.23.4
  401. Statius, Thebaid 1.696 ff.
  402. Ovid, Metamorphoses 14.129–154
  403. TransAntiquity: Cross-Dressing and Transgender Dynamics in the Ancient World
    https://books.google.com/books?id=39ENDgAAQBAJ
  404. Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae, p. 704.
    https://archive.org/details/limc_20210516/Lexicon%20Iconographicum%20Mythologiae%20Classicae/LIMC%20II-1/page/n363/mode/2up
  405. Eustath. ad Hom. p. 1197
  406. The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece and Rome s.v. Artemis, p. 268
    https://books.google.com/books?id=lNV6-HsUppsC&pg=PA268
  407. G. Shipley, "The Extent of Spartan Territory in the Late Classical and Hellenistic Periods", The Annual of the British S
  408. Rufus B. Richardson, "A Temple in Eretria" The American Journal of Archaeology and of the History of the Fine Arts, 10.3
  409. Carol M. Mooney, B.A., Hekate: Her Role And Character In Greek Literature From Before The Fifth Century B.C.
  410. "APOLLO, THE YOUNG, AND THE CITY – KEY THEMES – Apollo – Fritz Graf"
    https://publicism.info/culture/apollo/7.html
  411. Peter Dawkins, The Shakespeare Enigma
  412. Cicero, De Natura Deorum 3.22.
    https://archive.org/details/denaturadeorumac00ciceuoft/page/338/mode/2up?view=theater&q=Apollo
  413. Homer, Iliad 15.308.
    http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0134%3Abook%3D15%3Acard%3D281
  414. 1.Homer, Iliad, Euripides, Ion, Aeschylus, Oresteia
  415. Freese 1911, p. 185.
  416. Livy 1.56.
    https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Liv.+1.56
  417. Livy 3.63.7, 4.25.3.
    https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text.jsp?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0026:book=3:chapter=63
  418. Livy 25.12.
    https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text.jsp?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0147:book=25:chapter=12
  419. Continuity and Change in Roman Religion
  420. Suetonius, Augustus 18.2; Cassius Dio 51.1.1–3.
    https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Suetonius/12Caesars/Augustus*.html#18.2
  421. Cassius Dio 53.1.3.
    https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/53*.html#1.3
  422. Religions of Rome: Volume 2: A Sourcebook
  423. Smith 1890, s.v. MACELLUM, MATRA'LIA, METAGEI'TNIA.
    https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0063%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DM%3Aentry+group%3D2%3Aentry%3Dmetageitnia-cn
  424. Porphyry, De abstinentia, 3.5
    http://cts.perseids.org/read/greekLit/tlg2034/tlg003/1st1K-grc1/3.5
  425. Homer, Odyssey, 15.493
    https://topostext.org/work/3#15.493
  426. Antoninus Liberalis, Metamorphoses, 28
    https://topostext.org/work/216#28
  427. Ovid, Metamorphoses, 6.103
    https://topostext.org/work/141#6.103
  428. Ovid, Metamorphoses, 11.318
    https://topostext.org/work/141#11.318
  429. Aelian, Characteristics of Animals, 10.14
    https://topostext.org/work/560#10.14
  430. Aelian, Characteristics of Animals, 7.9
    https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0545.tlg001.perseus-grc1:7.9
  431. Eusebius, Preparation of the Gospels, 3.12.1
    https://topostext.org/work/230#3.12.1
  432. Mediterranean Historical Review
    https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09518960008569776
  433. The Routledge Handbook of Greek Mythology: Based on H.J. Rose's "Handbook of Greek Mythology"
    https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&dq=Lykegenes+apollo&pg=PA143
  434. C. M. Bowra, The Greek Experience, pp. 148, 149.
  435. C. M. Bowra, The Greek Experience, pp. 148, 150.
  436. C. M. Bowra, The Greek Experience, p. 5.
  437. C. M. Bowra, The Greek Experience, p. 150.
  438. Delphi, 467, 1524
  439. V.I. Leonardos(1895). Archaelogiki Ephimeris, Col 75, n 1.
  440. Lechat (1904). La sculpture Attic avant Phidias, p. 23.
  441. J. Ducat (1971). Les Kouroi des Ptoion.
  442. The Art of Archaic Greece
    https://archive.org/details/artofarchaicgree00homa
  443. "Belevedere Apollo"
    https://www.museivaticani.va/content/museivaticani/en/collezioni/musei/museo-pio-clementino/Cortile-Ottagono/apollo-del-belvedere.html
  444. "Mosaics in Tunisia: Apollo and the Muses"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20080708143541/http://www.tunisiaonline.com/mosaics/mosaic05b.html
  445. Bieber 1964, Yalouris 1980.
  446. "Cygnus X-1 Book Two: Hemispheres Lyrics | Rush.com"
    https://www.rush.com/songs/cygnus-x-1-book-two-hemispheres/
  447. British Library: Management and Business Studies Portal, Charles Handy Archived 12 November 2016 at the Wayback Machine,
    https://mbsportal.bl.uk/taster/subjareas/busmanhist/mgmtthinkers/handy.aspx
  448. "Dionysus in Nietzsche and Greek Myth by Gwendolyn Toynton"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20120814164705/http://www.primordialtraditions.net/prime/Library/DionysusinNietzscheandGreekMyth.aspx
  449. Shinoda-Bolen, J., Gods in Everyman: A New Psychology of Men's Lives and Loves p.130-160 (1989)
  450. "Release 69-36"
    https://www.nasa.gov/centers/glenn/about/history/apollo_press_release.html
  451. This chart is based upon Hesiod's Theogony, unless otherwise noted.
  452. According to Homer, Iliad 1.570–579, 14.338, Odyssey 8.312, Hephaestus was apparently the son of Hera and Zeus, see Gant
    http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-eng1:1.570
  453. According to Hesiod, Theogony 927–929, Hephaestus was produced by Hera alone, with no father, see Gantz, p. 74.
    https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Hes.+Th.+927
  454. According to Hesiod's Theogony 886–890, of Zeus's children by his seven wives, Athena was the first to be conceived, but
    https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Hes.+Th.+886
  455. According to Hesiod, Theogony 183–200, Aphrodite was born from Uranus's severed genitals, see Gantz, pp. 99–100.
    https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Hes.+Th.+183
  456. According to Homer, Aphrodite was the daughter of Zeus (Iliad 3.374, 20.105; Odyssey 8.308, 320) and Dione (Iliad 5.370–
    http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-eng1:3.374
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