| Res. | Record | Opponent | Method | Event | Date | Round | Time | Location | Notes |
| Loss | 34–24 (2) | Martin Buday | Decision (split) | UFC 303 | 29 June 2024 | 3 | 5:00 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | |
| Loss | 34–23 (2) | Waldo Cortes-Acosta | Decision (unanimous) | UFC Fight Night: Ankalaev vs. Walker 2 | 13 January 2024 | 3 | 5:00 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | |
| Loss | 34–22 (2) | Don'Tale Mayes | TKO (punches) | UFC on ESPN: Kara-France vs. Albazi | 3 June 2023 | 2 | 3:17 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | |
| Loss | 34–21 (2) | Marcos Rogério de Lima | Submission (rear-naked choke) | UFC Fight Night: Kattar vs. Allen | 29 October 2022 | 1 | 1:50 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | |
| Win | 34–20 (2) | Jake Collier | Decision (split) | UFC on ESPN: Font vs. Vera | 30 April 2022 | 3 | 5:00 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | |
| Win | 33–20 (2) | Jared Vanderaa | Decision (split) | UFC 271 | 12 February 2022 | 3 | 5:00 | Houston, Texas, United States | |
| Win | 32–20 (2) | Carlos Felipe | Decision (unanimous) | UFC Fight Night: Ladd vs. Dumont | 16 October 2021 | 3 | 5:00 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | Felipe tested positive for Boldenone. |
| Win | 31–20 (2) | Chase Sherman | Decision (unanimous) | UFC on ESPN: Whittaker vs. Gastelum | 17 April 2021 | 3 | 5:00 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | |
| Loss | 30–20 (2) | Tom Aspinall | Submission (rear-naked choke) | UFC Fight Night: Blaydes vs. Lewis | 20 February 2021 | 2 | 1:09 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | |
| Win | 30–19 (2) | Tanner Boser | Decision (unanimous) | UFC on ESPN: Santos vs. Teixeira | 7 November 2020 | 3 | 5:00 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | |
| Win | 29–19 (2) | Philipe Lins | Decision (unanimous) | UFC Fight Night: Smith vs. Teixeira | 13 May 2020 | 3 | 5:00 | Jacksonville, Florida, United States | |
| Loss | 28–19 (2) | Jairzinho Rozenstruik | KO (punch) | UFC 244 | 2 November 2019 | 1 | 0:29 | New York City, New York, United States | |
| Win | 28–18 (2) | Ben Rothwell | Decision (unanimous) | UFC on ESPN: dos Anjos vs. Edwards | 20 July 2019 | 3 | 5:00 | San Antonio, Texas, United States | |
| Loss | 27–18 (2) | Augusto Sakai | Decision (split) | UFC Fight Night: Jacaré vs. Hermansson | 27 April 2019 | 3 | 5:00 | Sunrise, Florida, United States | |
| NC | 27–17 (2) | Walt Harris | NC (overturned) | UFC 232 | 29 December 2018 | 3 | 5:00 | Inglewood, California, United States | Originally a split decision win for Harris; overturned after he tested positive for LGD-4033. |
| Loss | 27–17 (1) | Shamil Abdurakhimov | Decision (unanimous) | UFC Fight Night: Hunt vs. Oleinik | 15 September 2018 | 3 | 5:00 | Moscow, Russia | |
| Loss | 27–16 (1) | Tai Tuivasa | Decision (unanimous) | UFC 225 | 9 June 2018 | 3 | 5:00 | Chicago, Illinois, United States | |
| Win | 27–15 (1) | Stefan Struve | Decision (unanimous) | UFC 222 | 3 March 2018 | 3 | 5:00 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | |
| Win | 26–15 (1) | Júnior Albini | Decision (unanimous) | UFC Fight Night: Poirier vs. Pettis | 11 November 2017 | 3 | 5:00 | Norfolk, Virginia, United States | |
| Loss | 25–15 (1) | Marcin Tybura | Decision (unanimous) | UFC Fight Night: Holm vs. Correia | 17 June 2017 | 3 | 5:00 | Kallang, Singapore | |
| Loss | 25–14 (1) | Francis Ngannou | TKO (punches) | UFC on Fox: Shevchenko vs. Peña | 28 January 2017 | 1 | 1:32 | Denver, Colorado, United States | |
| Loss | 25–13 (1) | Josh Barnett | Submission (rear-naked choke) | UFC Fight Night: Arlovski vs. Barnett | 3 September 2016 | 3 | 2:53 | Hamburg, Germany | Fight of the Night. |
| Loss | 25–12 (1) | Alistair Overeem | TKO (front kick and punches) | UFC Fight Night: Overeem vs. Arlovski | 8 May 2016 | 2 | 1:12 | Rotterdam, Netherlands | |
| Loss | 25–11 (1) | Stipe Miocic | TKO (punches) | UFC 195 | 2 January 2016 | 1 | 0:54 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | UFC heavyweight title eliminator |
| Win | 25–10 (1) | Frank Mir | Decision (unanimous) | UFC 191 | 5 September 2015 | 3 | 5:00 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | |
| Win | 24–10 (1) | Travis Browne | TKO (punches) | UFC 187 | 23 May 2015 | 1 | 4:41 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | Fight of the Night. |
| Win | 23–10 (1) | Antônio Silva | KO (punches) | UFC Fight Night: Bigfoot vs. Arlovski | 13 September 2014 | 1 | 2:59 | Brasília, Brazil | Performance of the Night. |
| Win | 22–10 (1) | Brendan Schaub | Decision (split) | UFC 174 | 14 June 2014 | 3 | 5:00 | Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada | |
| Win | 21–10 (1) | Andreas Kraniotakes | TKO (punches) | Fight Nights: Battle on Nyamiha | 29 November 2013 | 2 | 3:14 | Minsk, Belarus | |
| Win | 20–10 (1) | Mike Kyle | Decision (unanimous) | WSOF 5 | 14 September 2013 | 3 | 5:00 | Atlantic City, New Jersey, United States | |
| Loss | 19–10 (1) | Anthony Johnson | Decision (unanimous) | WSOF 2 | 23 March 2013 | 3 | 5:00 | Atlantic City, New Jersey, United States | |
| Win | 19–9 (1) | Mike Hayes | Decision (unanimous) | Fight Nights: Battle of Moscow 9 | 16 December 2012 | 3 | 5:00 | Moscow, Russia | |
| Win | 18–9 (1) | Devin Cole | TKO (punches) | WSOF 1 | 3 November 2012 | 1 | 2:37 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | |
| NC | 17–9 (1) | Tim Sylvia | NC (illegal soccer kicks) | ONE FC: Pride of a Nation | 31 August 2012 | 2 | 4:46 | Quezon City, Philippines | Illegal soccer kicks rendered Sylvia unable to continue. |
| Win | 17–9 | Travis Fulton | KO (head kick) | ProElite 2 | 5 November 2011 | 3 | 4:59 | Moline, Illinois, United States | |
| Win | 16–9 | Ray Lopez | TKO (punches) | ProElite 1 | 27 August 2011 | 3 | 2:43 | Honolulu, Hawaii, United States | |
| Loss | 15–9 | Sergei Kharitonov | KO (punches) | Strikeforce: Fedor vs. Silva | 12 February 2011 | 1 | 2:49 | East Rutherford, New Jersey, United States | |
| Loss | 15–8 | Antônio Silva | Decision (unanimous) | Strikeforce: Heavy Artillery | 15 May 2010 | 3 | 5:00 | St. Louis, Missouri, United States | |
| Loss | 15–7 | Brett Rogers | TKO (punches) | Strikeforce: Lawler vs. Shields | 6 June 2009 | 1 | 0:22 | St. Louis, Missouri, United States | |
| Loss | 15–6 | Fedor Emelianenko | KO (punch) | Affliction: Day of Reckoning | 24 January 2009 | 1 | 3:14 | Anaheim, California, United States | For the WAMMA Heavyweight Championship. |
| Win | 15–5 | Roy Nelson | KO (punch) | EliteXC: Heat | 4 October 2008 | 2 | 1:46 | Sunrise, Florida, United States | |
| Win | 14–5 | Ben Rothwell | KO (punches) | Affliction: Banned | 19 July 2008 | 3 | 1:13 | Anaheim, California, United States | |
| Win | 13–5 | Jake O'Brien | TKO (punches) | UFC 82 | 1 March 2008 | 2 | 4:17 | Columbus, Ohio, United States | |
| Win | 12–5 | Fabrício Werdum | Decision (unanimous) | UFC 70 | 21 April 2007 | 3 | 5:00 | Manchester, England | |
| Win | 11–5 | Márcio Cruz | KO (punches) | UFC 66 | 30 December 2006 | 1 | 3:15 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | |
| Loss | 10–5 | Tim Sylvia | Decision (unanimous) | UFC 61 | 8 July 2006 | 5 | 5:00 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | For the UFC Heavyweight Championship. |
| Loss | 10–4 | Tim Sylvia | TKO (punches) | UFC 59 | 15 April 2006 | 1 | 2:43 | Anaheim, California, United States | Lost the UFC Heavyweight Championship. |
| Win | 10–3 | Paul Buentello | KO (punch) | UFC 55 | 7 October 2005 | 1 | 0:15 | Uncasville, Connecticut, United States | Defended the UFC Heavyweight Championship. |
| Win | 9–3 | Justin Eilers | TKO (punches) | UFC 53 | 4 June 2005 | 1 | 4:10 | Atlantic City, New Jersey, United States | Defended the interim UFC Heavyweight Championship. Arlovski was promoted to undisputed champion on August 12, 2005. |