| Res. | Record | Opponent | Method | Event | Date | Round | Time | Location | Notes |
| Loss | 34–11 (1) | Uriah Hall | TKO (punches) | UFC Fight Night: Hall vs. Silva | 31 October 2020 | 4 | 1:24 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | |
| Loss | 34–10 (1) | Jared Cannonier | TKO (leg kick) | UFC 237 | 11 May 2019 | 1 | 4:47 | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | |
| Loss | 34–9 (1) | Israel Adesanya | Decision (unanimous) | UFC 234 | 10 February 2019 | 3 | 5:00 | Melbourne, Australia | Fight of the Night. |
| Win | 34–8 (1) | Derek Brunson | Decision (unanimous) | UFC 208 | 11 February 2017 | 3 | 5:00 | Brooklyn, New York, United States | |
| Loss | 33–8 (1) | Daniel Cormier | Decision (unanimous) | UFC 200 | 9 July 2016 | 3 | 5:00 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | Light Heavyweight bout. |
| Loss | 33–7 (1) | Michael Bisping | Decision (unanimous) | UFC Fight Night: Silva vs. Bisping | 27 February 2016 | 5 | 5:00 | London, England | Fight of the Night. |
| NC | 33–6 (1) | Nick Diaz | NC (overturned by NSAC) | UFC 183 | 31 January 2015 | 5 | 5:00 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | Originally a unanimous decision win for Silva; overturned after he tested positive for drostanolone and androsterone. Diaz also tested positive for marijuana. |
| Loss | 33–6 | Chris Weidman | TKO (leg injury) | UFC 168 | 28 December 2013 | 2 | 1:16 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | For the UFC Middleweight Championship. |
| Loss | 33–5 | Chris Weidman | KO (punches) | UFC 162 | 6 July 2013 | 2 | 1:18 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | Lost the UFC Middleweight Championship. |
| Win | 33–4 | Stephan Bonnar | TKO (knee to the body and punches) | UFC 153 | 13 October 2012 | 1 | 4:40 | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | Light Heavyweight bout. Bonnar tested positive for a boldenone metabolite. |
| Win | 32–4 | Chael Sonnen | TKO (knee to the body and punches) | UFC 148 | 7 July 2012 | 2 | 1:55 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | Defended the UFC Middleweight Championship. Extended the record for consecutive UFC Middleweight title defenses (10). Knockout of the Night. |
| Win | 31–4 | Yushin Okami | TKO (punches) | UFC 134 | 27 August 2011 | 2 | 2:04 | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | Defended the UFC Middleweight Championship. |
| Win | 30–4 | Vitor Belfort | KO (front kick and punches) | UFC 126 | 5 February 2011 | 1 | 3:25 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | Defended the UFC Middleweight Championship. Knockout of the Night. |
| Win | 29–4 | Chael Sonnen | Submission (triangle choke) | UFC 117 | 7 August 2010 | 5 | 3:10 | Oakland, California, United States | Defended the UFC Middleweight Championship. Submission of the Night. Fight of the Night. Fight of the Year. Submission of the Year. Sonnen tested positive for elevated testosterone levels. |
| Win | 28–4 | Demian Maia | Decision (unanimous) | UFC 112 | 10 April 2010 | 5 | 5:00 | Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates | Defended the UFC Middleweight Championship. |
| Win | 27–4 | Forrest Griffin | KO (punch) | UFC 101 | 8 August 2009 | 1 | 3:23 | Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States | Light Heavyweight bout. Knockout of the Night. Fight of the Night. Knockout of the Year. Griffin tested positive for illegal substances. |
| Win | 26–4 | Thales Leites | Decision (unanimous) | UFC 97 | 18 April 2009 | 5 | 5:00 | Montreal, Quebec, Canada | Defended the UFC Middleweight Championship. |
| Win | 25–4 | Patrick Côté | TKO (knee injury) | UFC 90 | 25 October 2008 | 3 | 0:39 | Rosemont, Illinois, United States | Defended the UFC Middleweight Championship. |
| Win | 24–4 | James Irvin | KO (punches) | UFC Fight Night: Silva vs. Irvin | 19 July 2008 | 1 | 1:01 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | Light Heavyweight bout. Irvin tested positive for methadone and oxymorphone. |
| Win | 23–4 | Dan Henderson | Submission (rear-naked choke) | UFC 82 | 1 March 2008 | 2 | 4:52 | Columbus, Ohio, United States | Defended the UFC Middleweight Championship. Broke the record for the most consecutive UFC Middleweight title defenses (3). Submission of the Night. Fight of the Night. |
| Win | 22–4 | Rich Franklin | TKO (knees) | UFC 77 | 20 October 2007 | 2 | 1:07 | Cincinnati, Ohio, United States | Defended the UFC Middleweight Championship. Knockout of the Night. |
| Win | 21–4 | Nate Marquardt | TKO (punches) | UFC 73 | 7 July 2007 | 1 | 4:50 | Sacramento, California, United States | Defended the UFC Middleweight Championship. Knockout of the Night. |
| Win | 20–4 | Travis Lutter | TKO (submission to elbows) | UFC 67 | 3 February 2007 | 2 | 2:11 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | Non-title bout; Lutter missed weight (187 lb). |
| Win | 19–4 | Rich Franklin | KO (knee) | UFC 64 | 14 October 2006 | 1 | 2:59 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | Won the UFC Middleweight Championship. Knockout of the Night. Knockout of the Year. |
| Win | 18–4 | Chris Leben | KO (knee) | UFC Fight Night 5 | 28 June 2006 | 1 | 0:49 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | UFC Middleweight title eliminator. Knockout of the Night. |
| Win | 17–4 | Tony Fryklund | KO (elbow) | Cage Rage 16 | 22 April 2006 | 1 | 2:02 | London, England | Defended the Cage Rage Middleweight Championship. |
| Loss | 16–4 | Yushin Okami | DQ (illegal kick) | Rumble on the Rock 8 | 20 January 2006 | 1 | 2:33 | Honolulu, Hawaii, United States | Welterweight tournament opening round. Silva was disqualified for delivering an up-kick to an opponent who had his knees on the ground. |
| Win | 16–3 | Curtis Stout | KO (punches) | Cage Rage 14 | 3 December 2005 | 1 | 4:59 | London, England | Defended the Cage Rage Middleweight Championship. |
| Win | 15–3 | Jorge Rivera | TKO (knees and punches) | Cage Rage 11 | 30 April 2005 | 2 | 3:53 | London, England | Defended the Cage Rage Middleweight Championship. |
| Loss | 14–3 | Ryo Chonan | Submission (flying scissor heel hook) | Pride Shockwave 2004 | 31 December 2004 | 3 | 3:08 | Saitama, Japan | |
| Win | 14–2 | Lee Murray | Decision (unanimous) | Cage Rage 8 | 11 September 2004 | 3 | 5:00 | London, England | Won the Cage Rage Middleweight Championship. |
| Win | 13–2 | Jeremy Horn | Decision (unanimous) | Gladiator 2 | 27 June 2004 | 3 | 5:00 | Seoul, South Korea | |
| Win | 12–2 | Waldir dos Anjos | TKO (corner stoppage) | Conquista Fight 1 | 20 December 2003 | 1 | 5:00 | Vitória da Conquista, Brazil | |
| Loss | 11–2 | Daiju Takase | Submission (triangle choke) | Pride 26 | 8 June 2003 | 1 | 8:33 | Yokohama, Japan | |
| Win | 11–1 | Carlos Newton | KO (flying knee and punches) | Pride 25 | 16 March 2003 | 1 | 6:27 | Yokohama, Japan | |
| Win | 10–1 | Alexander Otsuka | Decision (unanimous) | Pride 22 | 29 September 2002 | 3 | 5:00 | Nagoya, Japan | |
| Win | 9–1 | Alex Stiebling | TKO (doctor stoppage) | Pride 21 | 23 June 2002 | 1 | 1:23 | Saitama, Japan | |
| Win | 8–1 | Roan Carneiro | TKO (submission to punches) | Mecca 6 | 31 January 2002 | 1 | 5:32 | Curitiba, Brazil | |
| Win | 7–1 | Hayato Sakurai | Decision (unanimous) | Shooto 7 | 26 August 2001 | 3 | 5:00 | Osaka, Japan | Won the Shooto Middleweight (168 lb) Championship. |
| Win | 6–1 | Israel Albuquerque | TKO (submission to punches) | Mecca 5 | 9 June 2001 | 1 | 6:17 | Curitiba, Brazil | |
| Win | 5–1 | Tetsuji Kato | Decision (unanimous) | Shooto 2 | 2 March 2001 | 3 | 5:00 | Tokyo, Japan | |
| Win | 4–1 | Claudionor Fontinelle | TKO (punches and knees) | Mecca 4 | 16 December 2000 | 1 | 4:35 | Curitiba, Brazil | |
| Win | 3–1 | Jose Barreto | TKO (head kick and punches) | Mecca 2 | 12 August 2000 | 1 | 1:06 | Curitiba, Brazil | |
| Loss | 2–1 | Luiz Azeredo | Decision (unanimous) | Mecca 1 | 27 May 2000 | 2 | 10:00 | Curitiba, Brazil | |
| Win | 2–0 | Fabrício Camões | TKO (retirement) | BFC 1 | 25 June 1997 | 1 | 25:14 | Campo Grande, Brazil | |
| Win | 1–0 | Raimundo Pinheiro | Submission (rear-naked choke) | 1 | 1:53 | |