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Alfred Hitchcock

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Alfred Hitchcock

Sir Alfred Joseph Hitchcock (13 August 1899 – 29 April 1980) was an English filmmaker. He is widely regarded as one of the most influential figures in the history of cinema. In a career spanning six decades, he directed over 50 feature films, many of which are still widely watched and studied today. Known as the "Master of Suspense", Hitchcock became as well known as any of his actors thanks to his many interviews, his cameo appearances in most of his films, and his hosting and producing the television anthology Alfred Hitchcock Presents (1955–65). His films garnered 46 Academy Award nominations, including six wins, although he never won the award for Best Director, despite five nominations. Hitchcock initially trained as a technical clerk and copywriter before entering the film industry in 1919 as a title card designer. His directorial debut was the British–German silent film The Pleasure Garden (1925). His first successful film, The Lodger: A Story of the London Fog (1927), helped to shape the thriller genre, and Blackmail (1929) was the first British "talkie". His thrillers The 39 Steps (1935) and The Lady Vanishes (1938) are ranked among the greatest British films of the 20th century. By 1939, he had earned international recognition, and producer David O. Selznick persuaded him to move to Hollywood. A string of successful films followed, including Rebecca (1940), Foreign Correspondent (1940), Suspicion (1941), Shadow of a Doubt (1943) and Notorious (1946). Rebecca won the Academy Award for Best Picture, with Hitchcock nominated as Best Director. He also received Oscar nominations for Lifeboat (1944), Spellbound (1945), Rear Window (1954) and Psycho (1960). Hitchcock's other notable films include Rope (1948), Strangers on a Train (1951), Dial M for Murder (1954), To Catch a Thief (1955), The Trouble with Harry (1955), Vertigo (1958), North by Northwest (1959), The Birds (1963), Marnie (1964) and Frenzy (1972), all of which were also financially successful and are highly regarded by film historians. Hitchcock made a number of films with some of the biggest stars in Hollywood, including four with Cary Grant, four with James Stewart, three with Ingrid Bergman and three consecutively with Grace Kelly. Hitchcock became an American citizen in 1955. In 2012, Hitchcock's psychological thriller Vertigo, starring Stewart, displaced Orson Welles' Citizen Kane (1941) as the British Film Institute's greatest film ever made based on its world-wide poll of hundreds of film critics. As of 2021, nine of his films had been selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry, including his personal favourite, Shadow of a Doubt (1943). He received the BAFTA Fellowship in 1971, the AFI Life Achievement Award in 1979, and was knighted in December of that year, four months before his death on 29 April 1980.

Infobox

Born
Alfred Joseph Hitchcock(1899-08-13)13 August 1899Leytonstone, Essex, England
Died
29 April 1980(1980-04-29) (aged 80)Los Angeles, California, US
Citizenship
mw- UKUS (from 1955)
Occupations
mw- .inline, .inline dl, .inline ol, .inline ul, dl dl, dl ol, dl ul, ol dl, ol ol dd dd dd , dd dt , dd li , dt dd , dt dt , dt li , li dd dd dd , dd dt , dd li , dt dd , dt dt , dt li , li dd dd ol li Film directorproducer
Years active
1919–1980
Works
Full list
Spouse
mw- Alma Reville (m. 1926)
Children
Pat Hitchcock
Awards
Full list

Tables

Accolades received by Hitchcock's feature films · Legacy › Awards and honours
Nominations
Nominations
Year
Nominations
Feature Picture
Wins
Oscars
Nominations
Oscars
Wins
BAFTAs
Nominations
BAFTAs
Wins
1940
1940
Year
1940
Feature Picture
Rebecca
Oscars
11
Oscars
2
Foreign Correspondent
Foreign Correspondent
Year
Foreign Correspondent
Feature Picture
6
1941
1941
Year
1941
Feature Picture
Suspicion
Oscars
3
Oscars
1
1943
1943
Year
1943
Feature Picture
Shadow of a Doubt
Oscars
1
1944
1944
Year
1944
Feature Picture
Lifeboat
Oscars
3
1945
1945
Year
1945
Feature Picture
Spellbound
Oscars
6
Oscars
1
1946
1946
Year
1946
Feature Picture
Notorious
Oscars
2
1947
1947
Year
1947
Feature Picture
The Paradine Case
Oscars
1
1951
1951
Year
1951
Feature Picture
Strangers on a train
Oscars
1
1954
1954
Year
1954
Feature Picture
Dial M for Murder
BAFTAs
1
Rear Window
Rear Window
Year
Rear Window
Feature Picture
4
Oscars
1
1955
1955
Year
1955
Feature Picture
To Catch a Thief
Oscars
3
Oscars
1
The Trouble with Harry
The Trouble with Harry
Year
The Trouble with Harry
Oscars
2
BAFTAs
1
Golden Globes
1
1956
1956
Year
1956
Feature Picture
The Man Who Knew Too Much
Oscars
1
Oscars
1
1958
1958
Year
1958
Feature Picture
Vertigo
Oscars
2
1959
1959
Year
1959
Feature Picture
North by Northwest
Oscars
3
1960
1960
Year
1960
Feature Picture
Psycho
Oscars
4
Golden Globes
1
Golden Globes
1
1963
1963
Year
1963
Feature Picture
The Birds
Oscars
1
Golden Globes
1
Golden Globes
1
1972
1972
Year
1972
Feature Picture
Frenzy
Golden Globes
4
1976
1976
Year
1976
Feature Picture
Family Plot
Golden Globes
1
Total
Total
Year
Total
Feature Picture
52
Oscars
6
Oscars
4
BAFTAs
8
Golden Globes
3
Year
Feature Picture
Oscars
BAFTAs
Golden Globes
Nominations
Wins
Nominations
Wins
Nominations
Wins
1940
Rebecca
11
2
Foreign Correspondent
6
1941
Suspicion
3
1
1943
Shadow of a Doubt
1
1944
Lifeboat
3
1945
Spellbound
6
1
1946
Notorious
2
1947
The Paradine Case
1
1951
Strangers on a train
1
1954
Dial M for Murder
1
Rear Window
4
1
1955
To Catch a Thief
3
1
The Trouble with Harry
2
1
1
1956
The Man Who Knew Too Much
1
1
1958
Vertigo
2
1959
North by Northwest
3
1960
Psycho
4
1
1
1963
The Birds
1
1
1
1972
Frenzy
4
1976
Family Plot
1
Total
52
6
4
8
3

References

  1. According to Gene Adair (2002), Hitchcock made 53 feature films. According to Roger Ebert in 1980, it was 54.
  2. The films selected for the National Film Registry are Rebecca (1940), Shadow of a Doubt (1943), Notorious (1946), Strang
  3. Alfred Hitchcock (North American Newspaper Alliance, 16 July 1972): "My own favorite is Shadow of a Doubt. You never saw
  4. In his first story, "Gas" (June 1919), published in the first issue, a young woman is being assaulted by a mob of men in
  5. In 2017, a Time Out magazine poll ranked Sabotage as the 44th best British film ever.
  6. Hitchcock told Bryan Forbes in 1967: "They had gone through the film in my absence and taken out every scene that indica
  7. A 2012 British Film Institute poll ranked Vertigo as the greatest film ever made.
  8. A documentary on Psycho's shower scene, 78/52, was released in 2017, directed by Alexandre O. Philippe; the title refers
  9. Thomas McDonald (The New York Times, 1 April 1962): "Starring in the film are Rod Taylor, Suzanne Pleshette, Jessica Tan
  10. In 1967, Hitchcock told Truffaut: "I think the most interesting women, sexually, are the English women. I feel that the
  11. Hitchcock told Fallaci in 1963: "When they [actors] aren't cows, they're children: that's something else I've often said
  12. "Alfred Hitchcock Collectors' Guide: The British Years in Print"
    https://www.brentonfilm.com/alfred-hitchcock-collectors-guide-the-british-years-in-print
  13. Adair 2002, p. 9.
  14. Chicago Sun-Times
    https://www.rogerebert.com/interviews/the-master-of-suspense-is-dead
  15. "Blackmail (1929)"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20171231082847/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b6a55273b
  16. "The 13th Academy Awards, 1941"
    http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1941
  17. "AFI's 100 Greatest American Films of All Time"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20190519213359/http://afi.com/100years/movies10.aspx
  18. Sight & Sound
    https://web.archive.org/web/20170301135739/http://www.bfi.org.uk/news/50-greatest-films-all-time
  19. "Complete National Film Registry Listing"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20161031213743/https://www.loc.gov/programs/national-film-preservation-board/film-registry/complete-national-film-registry-listing/
  20. Lima News
  21. Variety
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  22. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
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  23. Adair 2002, pp. 11–12.
  24. Irish Echo
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  25. Taylor 1996, pp. 21–22; Spoto 1999, pp. 14–15
  26. McGilligan 2003, p. 6
  27. East London and West Essex Guardian
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  28. Truffaut 1983, p. 25.
  29. For the police story: Truffaut 1983, p. 25; Taylor 1996, p. 25; Cavett, Dick (8 June 1972). "Interview with Alfred Hitch
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TYTx6N24tHk&t=6m52s
  30. McGilligan 2003, p. 13
  31. Spoto 1999, pp. 20, 23
  32. Taylor 1996, p. 29; McGilligan 2003, p. 18
  33. Truffaut 1983, p. 25; Spoto 1999, p. 23
  34. Truffaut 1983, p. 26; Fallaci 1963
  35. Spoto 1999, pp. 23–24.
  36. Adair 2002, p. 15.
  37. Truffaut 1983, p. 26.
  38. Adair 2002, p. 15; Truffaut 1983, p. 26
  39. Taylor 1996, p. 31.
  40. Patrick McGilligan, 2003. Buckley, R. J. 1984. Alfred Hitchcock: A Life in Darkness and Light (ISBN 0-470-86973-9). Chic
  41. "How to use "film rail" in a sentence – WriteBetter"
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  42. Spoto 1999, p. 23
  43. McGilligan 2003, p. 25
  44. MeasuringWorth
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  45. Adair 2002, p. 15; Spoto 1999, p. 37
  46. Spoto 1999, p. 37
  47. Ackroyd 2015, p. 11.
  48. Taylor 1996, pp. 27–28; "Military service (medical grading") Archived 24 February 2019 at the Wayback Machine, Hansard,
    https://hansard.parliament.uk/Commons/1918-06-20/debates/3ec12ba9-4d13-4c03-880a-226006f28d83/MilitaryService(MedicalGrading)
  49. Taylor 1996, p. 28.
  50. McGilligan 2003, p. 30.
  51. Duncan 2003, p. 20; Hitchcock, Alfred (June 1919). "Gas" Archived 22 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine, Henley Telegr
    https://the.hitchcock.zone/wiki/Henley_Telegraph_(1919)_-_Gas
  52. Hitchcock 2014, p. 19; Hitchcock, Alfred (September 1919). "The Women's Part" Archived 23 December 2017 at the Wayback M
    https://the.hitchcock.zone/wiki/Henley_Telegraph_(1919)_-_The_Woman%27s_Part
  53. Hitchcock 2014, p. 20; Hitchcock, Alfred (February 1920). "Sordid" Archived 23 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine, Hen
    https://the.hitchcock.zone/wiki/Henley_Telegraph_(1920)_-_Sordid
  54. Hitchcock 2014, p. 22; Hitchcock, Alfred (September 1920). "And There Was No Rainbow" Archived 23 December 2017 at the W
    https://the.hitchcock.zone/wiki/Henley_Telegraph_(1920)_-_And_There_Was_No_Rainbow
  55. Hitchcock 2014, p. 23; Hitchcock, Alfred (December 1920). "What's Who?" Archived 23 December 2019 at the Wayback Machine
    https://the.hitchcock.zone/wiki/Henley_Telegraph_(1920)_-_What%27s_Who%3F
  56. Hitchcock 2014, p. 24; Hitchcock, Alfred (December 1920). "The History of Pea Eating" Archived 3 October 2017 at the Way
    https://the.hitchcock.zone/wiki/Henley_Telegraph_(1920)_-_The_History_of_Pea_Eating
  57. Hitchcock 2014, p. 26; McGilligan 2003, pp. 44–45; Hitchcock, Alfred (March 1921). "Fedora" Archived 23 December 2017 at
    https://the.hitchcock.zone/wiki/Henley_Telegraph_(1921)_-_Fedora
  58. Taylor 1996, p. 21.
  59. Truffaut 1983, p. 27.
  60. Taylor 1996, p. 24.
  61. Spoto 2008, p. 3.
  62. "Always Tell Your Wife (1923)"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20160303213454/http://www.screenonline.org.uk/film/id/1422787/index.html
  63. Spoto 1992, p. 3.
  64. Kerzoncuf & Barr 2015, p. 45.
  65. The Guardian
    https://web.archive.org/web/20171231051755/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2001/jan/15/artsfeatures
  66. Spoto 2008, pp. 3–4.
  67. Truffaut 1983, p. 30.
  68. Gottlieb 2002, p. 42; Gottlieb 2003, pp. 157–158; also see Garncarz 2002
  69. Gottlieb 2002, pp. 42–43.
  70. Truffaut 1983, pp. 31, 36.
  71. McGilligan 2003, pp. 68–71.
  72. Truffaut 1983, p. 39.
  73. Spoto 1999, p. 84.
  74. McGilligan 2003, p. 70.
  75. McGilligan 2003, p. 63.
  76. McGilligan 2003, p. 64.
  77. "Alfred Hitchcock Collectors' Guide: The Mountain Eagle (1926)"
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  78. Spoto 1992, p. 5.
  79. McGilligan 2003, p. 98.
  80. Taylor 1996, p. 76.
  81. McGilligan 2003, p. 75.
  82. McGilligan 2003, p. 76.
  83. Kapsis 1992, p. 20
  84. Spoto 1999, p. 73.
  85. "The Lodger A Story of the London Fog"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20160222212308/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b6af1296e
  86. BFI
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  87. Truffaut 1983, p. 45.
  88. Truffaut 1983, p. 47.
  89. Truffaut 1983, p. 43.
  90. McGilligan 2003, p. 85.
  91. Kapsis 1992, p. 19
  92. Truffaut 1983, p. 44.
  93. "Alfred Hitchcock Collectors' Guide: The Lodger: A Story of the London Fog (1926)"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20191222033129/https://www.brentonfilm.com/articles/alfred-hitchcock-collectors-guide-the-lodger-a-story-of-the-london-fog-1926
  94. Truffaut 1983, p. 49.
  95. Kapsis 1992, p. 20
  96. Spoto 1999, p. 5.
  97. McGilligan 2003, pp. 89–90.
  98. Hitchcock O'Connell & Bouzereau 2003, p. 15.
  99. Hitchcock O'Connell & Bouzereau 2003, p. 48; Spoto 1999, pp. 92–93
  100. The Daily Telegraph
    https://web.archive.org/web/20171227193225/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/property/period-property/3360983/Alfred-Hitchcock-A-long-way-from-the-Bates-Motel.html
  101. Hitchcock O'Connell & Bouzereau 2003, pp. 59–60.
  102. The Hollywood Reporter
    https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/pat-hitchcock-dead-alfred-daughter-1234995917/
  103. Los Angeles Times
  104. YouTube
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pb5VdGCQFOM&t=3m14s
  105. "Reville [married name Hitchcock], Alma Lucy"
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  106. Time Out
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  107. Walker 2005, p. 88.
  108. "Alfred Hitchcock and David O. Selznick Collaborations"
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  109. McGilligan 2003, p. 137.
  110. Senses of Cinema
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  111. Spoto 1999, p. 37.
  112. McGilligan 2003, p. 153.
  113. Hitchcock and the Spy Film
  114. The New Yorker
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  115. Whisky Galore! and the Maggie
  116. Truffaut 1983, pp. 137–139
  117. The Spectator
    https://archive.org/details/pleasuredomegrah00gree/page/122
  118. "'Secret Agent' – Exciting Spy Film by Alfred Hitchcock", The Manchester Guardian, 11 May 1936, p. 13; "New Films in Lon
  119. The Telegraph
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  120. Taylor 1996, p. 137.
  121. Taylor 1996, p. 138.
  122. The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2012/jul/24/my-favourite-hitchcock-lady-vanishes
  123. Turner Classic Movies
    https://web.archive.org/web/20170711175302/http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/80706/The-Lady-Vanishes/
  124. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/1938/06/12/archives/hitchcock-master-melodramatist.html
  125. The English-speaking Cinema An Illustrated History, 1927-1993
  126. BBC News
    https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-59550580
  127. Taylor 1996, p. 140.
  128. Taylor 1996, p. 141.
  129. Newspapers.com
    https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/816153978/
  130. Taylor 1996, p. 142.
  131. Truffaut 1983, p. 121.
  132. Leff 1999, p. 35.
  133. Taylor 1996, p. 153.
  134. Taylor 1996, p. 154.
  135. Leff 1999, p. 30
  136. Life
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  138. McGilligan 2003, pp. 251–252
  139. Hitchcock and the Censors
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  141. Gottlieb 2003, p. 206
  142. Wood 2002, p. 240.
  143. Taylor 1996, p. 150.
  144. Taylor 1996, p. 155.
  145. Duncan 2003, p. 84
  146. Duncan 2003, p. 90
  147. McGilligan 2003, p. 244
  148. "Alfred Hitchcock Found Contentment in SV"
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  149. Variety
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  150. Whitty 2016, pp. 434–435.
  151. Truffaut 1983, pp. 142–143.
  152. "Alfred Hitchcock"
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  153. Los Angeles Times
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  154. Humphries 1994, p. 71
  155. McGilligan 2003, p. 445.
  156. Life
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  157. Brunsdale 2010, p. 442.
  158. McGilligan 2003, p. 321.
  159. McGilligan 2003, p. 325.
  160. Taylor 1996, p. 193.
  161. McGilligan 2003, p. 326.
  162. McGilligan 2003, p. 327.
  163. "Shadow of a Doubt"
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  164. Truffaut 1983, pp. 158–159.
  165. Spoto 1999, pp. 266–267.
  166. Truffaut 1983, p. 159.
  167. McGilligan 2003, pp. 372–374
  168. The Guardian
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  169. "Memory of the Camps: Frequently Asked Questions"
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  170. Spellbound
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  171. Leff 1987, pp. 164–165
  172. Whitty 2016, pp. 408–412.
  173. "The Miklos Rozsa Society Website"
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  175. McGilligan 2003, pp. 370–371.
  176. McGilligan 2003, p. 421.
  177. Evans 2004.
  178. Spoto 1999, p. 138.
  179. Taylor 1996, p. 179.
  180. Warren 2001, pp. 62, 72
  181. Harris & Lasky 2002, p. 150
  182. McGilligan 2003, pp. 429, 774–775
  183. Leitch 2002, pp. 320, 322
  184. I Confess
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  186. The Observer
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  187. Leitch 2002, p. 269
  188. "Alfred Hitchcock Presents"
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  189. TV in the USA: A History of Icons, Idols, and Ideas
  190. "Alfred Hitchcock (suspense anthology)"
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  191. Taylor 1996, p. 202.
  192. Taylor 1996, p. 203.
  193. McGilligan 2003, p. 512
  194. Leitch 2002, p. 366
  195. Brown 1994, p. 75
  196. Leitch 2002, p. 377
  197. Taylor 1996, p. 212.
  198. Fallaci 1963.
  199. Kehr 2011, p. 259
  200. San Sebastian Film Festival
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  201. Film-Philosophy
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  202. Variety
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  203. The New York Times
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  204. Leitch 2002, p. 376
  205. Taylor 1996, p. 217.
  206. Time
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  207. Time
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  209. Rebello 1990, pp. 7–14
  210. Leitch 2002, p. 261
  211. Variety
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  212. Leitch 2002, p. 262
  213. Leigh & Nickens 1995, p. 99
  214. Rebello 1990, p. 182.
  215. Verevis 2006, p. 22.
  216. Truffaut 1983, p. 12.
  217. The Guardian
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  218. Truffaut 1983, pp. 11–12.
  219. The New York Times
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