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Alexei Navalny

Updated: Wikipedia source

Alexei Navalny

Alexei Anatolyevich Navalny (Russian: Алексей Анатольевич Навальный, IPA: [ɐlʲɪkˈsʲej ɐnɐˈtolʲjɪvʲɪtɕ nɐˈvalʲnɨj]; 4 June 1976 – 16 February 2024) was a Russian opposition leader, anti-corruption activist and political prisoner. He founded the Anti-Corruption Foundation (FBK) in 2011. He was recognised by Amnesty International as a prisoner of conscience and was awarded the Sakharov Prize for his work on human rights. Through his social media accounts, Navalny and his team published material about corruption in Russia, organised political demonstrations and promoted his campaigns. In a 2011 interview, he described Russia's ruling party—United Russia—as a "party of crooks and thieves", which became a popular byname. Navalny and the FBK have published investigations detailing alleged corruption by high-ranking Russian officials and their associates. Navalny twice received a suspended sentence for embezzlement, in 2013 and 2014. Both criminal cases have been widely considered politically motivated and intended to bar him from running in future elections. He ran in the 2013 Moscow mayoral election and came in second with 27.2% of the vote, but was barred from running in the 2018 presidential election. In August 2020, Navalny was hospitalised after being severely poisoned with a Novichok nerve agent. He was medically evacuated to Berlin and discharged a month later. He accused President Vladimir Putin of being responsible for his poisoning, and an investigation implicated agents from the Federal Security Service. In January 2021, Navalny returned to Russia and was immediately detained on accusations of violating parole conditions while hospitalised in Germany. Following his arrest, mass protests were held across Russia. The next month, Navalny's suspended sentence was replaced with a prison sentence of over 2+1⁄2 years' detention, and his organisations were later designated as extremist and liquidated. In March 2022, Navalny was sentenced to an additional nine years in prison after being found guilty of embezzlement and contempt of court in a new trial described as a sham by Amnesty International. Following the rejection of his appeal, Navalny was transferred to a high-security prison in June. In August 2023, he received another sentence of 19 years on extremism charges. In December 2023, Navalny went missing from prison for almost three weeks. He re-emerged in an Arctic Circle corrective colony in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. In 2024, the Russian prison service reported that Navalny had died, which subsequently sparked protests in both Russia and various other countries. Accusations against Putin's government in connection with his death have been made by many Western governments and international organisations.

Infobox

Deputy
Leonid Volkov
Preceded by
Office established
Succeeded by
Ivan Zhdanov
Born
(1976-06-04)4 June 1976Butyn, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union
Died
16 February 2024(2024-02-16) (aged 47)Kharp, Russia
Resting place
Borisovskoye Cemetery
Political party
mw- Russia of the Future(2013–2021) Independent (2007–2013) Yabloko (2000–2007)
Other politicalaffiliations
NAROD (2007–2011) Navalny Headquarters(2017–2021)
Spouse
mw- Yulia Abrosimova (m. 2000)
Children
2
Alma mater
Peoples' Friendship University of Russia Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation
Occupation
mw- .inline, .inline dl, .inline ol, .inline ul, dl dl, dl ol, dl ul, ol dl, ol ol dd dd dd , dd dt , dd li , dt dd , dt dt , dt li , li dd dd dd , dd dt , dd li , dt dd , dt dt , dt li , li dd dd ol li Politicianactivistblogger
Known for
Anti-corruption activism
Website
navalny.com , NavalnyLiveChannel
Channel
Алексей Навальный
Subscribers
6.23 million[needs update]
Views
1.62 billion
Party
mw- Russia of the Future(2013–2021) Independent (2007–2013) Yabloko (2000–2007)

Tables

· External links
New political party
New political party
Party political offices
New political party
Party political offices
Leader of Russia of the Future 2013–2024
Party political offices
Vacant
Party political offices
New political party
Leader of Russia of the Future 2013–2024
Vacant

References

  1. Previously known as the People's Alliance (2012–2014) and the Progress Party (2014–2018)
  2. Arrested and subsequently imprisoned
  3. In this name that follows East Slavic naming customs, the patronymic is Anatolyevich and the family name is Navalny.
  4. Sometimes transliterated as Alexey, Aleksei or Aleksey.
  5. The Russian word "да" (da) means "yes".
  6. Argued as following: "It is clearly stated in the preamble of our declaration that the Yabloko Party thoroughly and shar
  7. Article 15, section 7: "Terms, as provided by sections 4 and 6 of the present article, are prolonged if a territorial bo
  8. Loeb & Loeb LLP, founded by Joseph P. Loeb et al.. LLP stands for Limited liability partnership.
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  9. According to the exchange rates set by the Central Bank of Russia for 8 September 2013.
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    https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2021/01/russia-aleksei-navalny-becomes-prisoner-of-conscience-after-arrest-on-arrival-in-moscow/
  286. BBC Home
    https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-56181084
  287. "Statement on Alexei Navalny's status as Prisoner of Conscience"
    https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2021/05/statement-on-alexei-navalnys-status-as-prisoner-of-conscience/
  288. "Russia Navalny: Poisoned opposition leader held after flying home"
    https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-55694598
  289. The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jan/14/alexei-navalny-will-be-detained-on-return-to-russia-says-prison-service
  290. "Alexei Navalny: Poisoned Putin critic Navalny jailed for 30 days"
    https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-55700312
  291. The Moscow Times
    https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2021/01/18/navalny-urges-russians-to-take-to-the-streets-over-jailing-a72646
  292. Meduza
    https://meduza.io/feature/2021/01/19/fbk-opublikoval-ogromnoe-rassledovanie-o-dvortse-putina-v-gelendzhike-vot-glavnoe-iz-dvuhchasovogo-filma-o-stroitelstve-tsenoy-v-100-milliardov
  293. "Detentions and warnings over Navalny protests"
    https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-55765895
  294. "Russian Court Orders Navalny to Remain in Jail Ahead of Trial"
    https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-01-28/russian-police-detain-navalny-allies-ahead-of-sunday-s-protest
  295. Stratfor
    https://worldview.stratfor.com/article/responding-navalny-s-prison-sentence-west-has-limited-options
  296. The Moscow Times
    https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2021/02/02/as-its-happening-navalny-in-court-a72803
  297. "Putin critic Navalny jailed in Russia despite protests"
    https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-55910974
  298. Meduza
    https://meduza.io/news/2021/02/02/sud-otpravil-alekseya-navalnogo-v-koloniyu
  299. "Alexei Navalny sentenced to prison term for violating probation as protesters detained"
    https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/russia-navalny-court-1.5897347
  300. "Russia: UK responds to Navalny sentencing"
    https://www.gov.uk/government/news/russia-uk-responds-to-navalny-sentencing
  301. "The United States is deeply concerned by Russia's actions toward Aleksey Navalny"
    https://twitter.com/SecBlinken/status/1356665053492219904
  302. "Germany's Merkel condemns Navalny sentence, demands halt to violence"
    https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-politics-navalny-merkel/germanys-merkel-condemns-navalny-sentence-demands-halt-to-violence-idUSKBN2A22SC
  303. "La condamnation d'Alexeï @Navalny est inacceptable"
    https://twitter.com/EmmanuelMacron/status/1356676542257102853
  304. "The sentencing of Alexey @navalny runs counter Russia's international commitments on rule of law & fundamental freedoms"
    https://twitter.com/JosepBorrellF/status/1356680080332840962
  305. Meduza
    https://meduza.io/live/2021/02/02/vecher-posle-prigovora-alekseyu-navalnomu-politsiya-zaderzhivaet-lyudey-na-manezhnoy-ploschadi
  306. "Kremlin critic Navalny back in Moscow court for slander trial"
    https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20210212-kremlin-critic-navalny-back-in-moscow-court-for-slander-trial
  307. Meduza
    https://meduza.io/en/news/2021/02/04/alexey-navalny-to-appear-in-court-on-friday-for-war-veteran-defamation-hearing
  308. The Moscow Times
    https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2021/02/17/european-rights-court-demands-navalnys-immediate-release-a72996
  309. "European Rights Court Rules Russia Should 'Immediately' Release Navalny"
    https://www.rferl.org/a/european-rights-court-navalny/31107805.html
  310. "Navalny must be freed, European rights court tells Russia"
    https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-56102257
  311. Interfax
    https://www.interfax.ru/russia/751442
  312. The Moscow Times
    https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2021/02/20/moscow-court-upholds-prison-term-for-kremlin-critic-navalny-a73022
  313. "'Release' Alexei Navalny, European Court of Human Rights tells Russia"
    https://www.dw.com/en/release-alexei-navalny-european-court-of-human-rights-tells-russia/a-56600777
  314. The Moscow Times
    https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2021/02/28/they-will-break-you-inside-navalnys-notorious-new-prison-home-a73099
  315. The West Australian
    https://thewest.com.au/news/conflict/navalny-arrives-at-russian-penal-colony-ng-s-2051463
  316. "Navalny arrives in penal colony in Russia's Vladimir region – human rights activist"
    https://tass.com/russia/1261143
  317. The Moscow Times
    https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2021/03/25/navalny-in-strong-pain-team-fears-for-his-life-lawyer-a73370
  318. "Alexei Navalny says he is being 'tortured' in prison"
    https://www.dw.com/en/alexei-navalny-says-he-is-being-tortured-in-prison/a-56995363
  319. "Putin critic Navalny on hunger strike over Russian prison treatment"
    https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-56595560
  320. Newsweek
    https://www.newsweek.com/alexei-navalny-doctor-arrested-vladimir-putin-critic-holds-prison-hunger-strike-1581274
  321. "Six doctors, CNN correspondents detained outside Alexei Navalny's prison"
    https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-04-07/alexei-navalny-doctor-detained-prison-russia/100052100
  322. The Washington Post
    https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/navalny-health-prison-russia-putin/2021/04/07/7e00d192-97b1-11eb-8f0a-3384cf4fb399_story.html
  323. "U.S. disturbed over imprisoned Kremlin critic Navalny's deteriorating health"
    https://www.cnbc.com/2021/04/07/us-disturbed-over-kremlin-critic-navalnys-deteriorating-health.html
  324. "Amnesty: Russia 'slowly killing' Navalny through inhumane detention conditions"
    https://www.jurist.org/news/2021/04/amnesty-russia-slowly-killing-navalny-through-inhumane-detention-conditions/
  325. "Amnesty International says Russia may be slowly killing Navalny"
    https://www.reuters.com/article/us-rights-amnesty-idUSKBN2BT31F
  326. "Навальный подаст в суд на колонию из-за отказа дать ему привезенный Коран"
    https://www.dw.com/ru/navalnyj-podast-v-sud-na-koloniju-iz-za-otkaza-dat-emu-privezennyj-koran/a-57184862
  327. The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/apr/18/jailed-putin-critic-alexei-navalny-could-die-at-any-minute-doctors-warn
  328. "Health of Kremlin critic Alexei Navalny worsening amid prison hunger strike, doctor says"
    https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/alexei-navalny-health-doctor-prison-hunger-strike-1.5992142
  329. "Putin critic Navalny could 'die within days', say doctors"
    https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-56786266
  330. The Washington Post
    https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/russia-navalny-health-putin/2021/04/18/6eb7a96a-9fc5-11eb-b2f5-7d2f0182750d_story.html
  331. "Navalny's life is Putin's 'personal' responsibility, say Russian politicians"
    https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/18/europe/navalny-vladimir-putin-letter-intl/index.html
  332. "Шлосберг и другие депутаты обратились к Путину по ситуации с Навальным"
    https://www.dw.com/ru/shlosberg-i-drugie-deputaty-obratilis-k-putinu-po-situacii-s-navalnym/a-57242635
  333. Twitter
    https://twitter.com/Dasha_Navalnaya/status/1383597776232009730
  334. The Economist
    https://www.economist.com/letters/2021/04/16/on-alexei-navalnys-detention
  335. "Daughter of jailed Kremlin critic Alexei Navalny says he needs a doctor"
    https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/daughter-jailed-kremlin-critic-alexei-navalny-says-he-needs-doctor-2021-04-18/
  336. The New York Times
    https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/17/opinion/navalny-poisoning-prison-doctors.html
  337. The Moscow Times
    https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2021/04/18/mass-protests-called-across-russia-to-save-navalnys-life-a73637
  338. "As Western powers raise alarm, Navalny transferred to hospital"
    https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/4/19/jailed-kremlin-critic-navalny-transferred-to-hospital
  339. The Moscow Times
    https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2021/04/19/kremlin-rejects-western-concerns-over-hunger-striking-navalnys-health-a73653
  340. "Russian prison service transfers Alexei Navalny to hospital"
    https://www.dw.com/en/russian-prison-service-transfers-alexei-navalny-to-hospital/a-57248156
  341. The New York Times
    https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/23/world/europe/russia-navalny-putin-hunger-strike.html
  342. "Navalny ends hunger strike after being seen by civilian doctors"
    https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/4/23/navalny-ends-hunger-strike-after-being-seen-by-civilian-doctors
  343. "Kremlin critic Navalny loses bid to end sleep deprivation 'torture'"
    https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-kremlin-critic-navalny-loses-bid-to-end-sleep-deprivation-torture/
  344. Meduza
    https://meduza.io/feature/2021/04/16/prokuratura-potrebovala-priznat-fbk-ekstremistskoy-organizatsiey
  345. The Moscow Times
    https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2021/04/16/russian-prosecutors-seek-to-label-navalny-groups-as-extremist-a73631
  346. "Russia suspends activities of Alexei Navalny's campaign groups"
    https://www.dw.com/en/russia-suspends-activities-of-alexei-navalnys-campaign-groups/a-57335053
  347. "Navalny support network ordered to stop Russia-wide activities"
    https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-56888845
  348. The Moscow Times
    https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2021/04/26/russia-orders-navalny-group-to-suspend-activities-a73734
  349. The Moscow Times
    https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2021/04/29/navalny-dissolves-political-network-ahead-of-expected-extremist-ruling-a73774
  350. Meduza
    https://meduza.io/news/2021/04/29/leonid-volkov-ob-yavil-o-zakrytii-seti-shtabov-navalnogo
  351. "Russia opens new criminal case against Navalny – allies"
    https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russia-opens-new-criminal-case-against-navalny-allies-2021-04-29/
  352. Meduza
    https://meduza.io/feature/2021/04/30/v-moskve-zaderzhali-glavu-komandy-29-advokata-ivana-pavlova-zaschischayuschego-fbk-i-ivana-safronova-glavnoe
  353. "Russia adds Navalny's regional campaign offices to 'extremism' list"
    https://www.reuters.com/world/russia-adds-navalnys-regional-campaign-offices-extremism-list-2021-04-30/
  354. "Russia: Navalny 'recovered' after hunger strike, says prison authority"
    https://www.dw.com/en/russia-navalny-recovered-after-hunger-strike-says-prison-authority/a-57593621
  355. "Alexei Navalny returns to prison after hunger strike"
    https://www.dw.com/en/alexei-navalny-returns-to-prison-after-hunger-strike/a-57799841
  356. The Moscow Times
    https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2021/06/09/russia-blacklists-navalnys-political-and-activist-movements-as-extremist-a74159
  357. "Мосгорсуд признал ФБК экстремистской организацией"
    https://www.dw.com/ru/mosgorsud-priznal-fbk-jekstremistskoj-organizaciej/a-57825179
  358. "Решение Московского городского суда от 09.06.2021 года по делу №3а-1573/2021"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20210629180921/https://team29.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Reshenie_FBK.pdf
  359. "Мосгорсуд признал ФБК и штабы Навального экстремистскими организациями"
    https://zona.media/news/2021/06/09/fbk
  360. ""ФБК – это самая важная организация в России. Прокуроры нас убеждали в том же самом" Интервью адвоката Ильи Новикова – об итогах суда над структурами Навального"
    https://meduza.io/feature/2021/06/10/fbk-eto-samaya-vazhnaya-organizatsiya-v-rossii-prokurory-nas-ubezhdali-v-tom-zhe-samom
  361. "Суд признал ФБК и Штабы Навального экстремистскими и запретил их"
    https://www.svoboda.org/a/mosgorsud-priznal-fbk-i-shtaby-navaljnogo-ekstremistskimi-i-zapretil/31299399.html
  362. Kommersant
    https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/4928980
  363. Deutsche Welle
    https://www.dw.com/ru/priznanie-fbk-jekstremistskoj-organizaciej-obzhalovali-v-sude/a-60277415
  364. "Кассационный суд отклонил жалобы на признание ФБК экстремистской организацией"
    http://rapsinews.ru/judicial_news/20220325/307827684.html
  365. "Kremlin critic Navalny says he is now designated a 'terrorist'"
    https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/10/11/kremlin-critic-navalny-says-he-is-now-designated-a-terrorist
  366. "Russia Adds Navalny To 'Terrorists' List As Civil-Society Crackdown Continues"
    https://www.rferl.org/a/russia-navalny-terrorists-extremists/31670205.html
  367. "Russia Adds Navalny, Top Aides To 'Terrorists and Extremists' Register"
    https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/01/25/russia-adds-navalny-top-aides-to-terrorists-and-extremists-register-a76144
  368. "Navalny loses appeal over being labelled an extremist and a terrorist"
    https://www.euronews.com/2022/06/08/navalny-loses-appeal-over-being-labelled-an-extremist-and-a-terrorist
  369. "Alexei Navalny faces additional 10-year jail sentence on fraud charges"
    https://www.euronews.com/2022/02/15/alexei-navalny-kremlin-critic-faces-additional-10-year-jail-sentence-on-fraud-charges
  370. "Alexei Navalny faces new trial inside Russian prison"
    https://www.dw.com/en/alexei-navalny-faces-new-trial-inside-russian-prison/a-60787817
  371. "Putin critic Navalny put on trial again in Russia"
    https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-60387695
  372. NPR
    https://www.npr.org/2022/02/15/1081009674/russia-opposition-leader-alexei-navalny-new-trial-prison-putin
  373. Amnesty International
    https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/EUR4653292022ENGLISH.pdf
  374. "На суде над Навальным свидетель обвинения отказался от показаний"
    https://www.svoboda.org/a/na-sude-nad-navaljnym-svidetelj-obvineniya-otkazalsya-davatj-pokazaniya/31714818.html
  375. "Jailed Russian Opposition Politician Navalny Condemns Russia's Attack On Ukraine At Trial"
    https://www.rferl.org/a/navalny-condemns-russia-attack-ukraine/31720484.html
  376. The Moscow Times
    https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/03/22/navalny-sentenced-to-9-more-years-in-prison-a77027
  377. The Moscow Times
    https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/05/17/kremlin-critic-navalny-appeals-jail-sentence-a77703
  378. Mediazona
    https://zona.media/online/2022/05/24/naval-2
  379. The Moscow Times
    https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/05/31/kremlin-foe-navalny-says-facing-15-more-years-in-prison-a77852
  380. "Alexei Navalny moved to infamous maximum security prison, says aide"
    https://www.politico.eu/article/alexei-navalny-opposition-leader-move-maximum-security-prison/
  381. Meduza
    https://meduza.io/feature/2022/06/15/alekseya-navalnogo-otpravili-v-pytochnuyu-koloniyu-6-vo-vladimirskoy-oblasti
  382. Reuters
    https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russias-navalny-launches-international-anti-corruption-fund-2022-07-11/
  383. The Moscow Times
    https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/09/07/navalny-put-in-solitary-confinement-for-fourth-time-in-month-a78737
  384. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
    https://www.rferl.org/a/navalny-attorney-client-privilege-revoked/32024731.html
  385. The Moscow Times
    https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/10/04/team-navalny-says-relaunching-regional-network-to-resist-war-mobilization-a78975
  386. NYT
    https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/17/world/europe/russia-alexei-navalny-solitary-confinement.html
  387. BBC News Russian
    https://www.bbc.com/russian/news-64239241
  388. РБК
    https://www.rbc.ru/politics/01/02/2023/63da60ae9a7947f48aa3c8f1
  389. The Moscow Times
    https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2023/02/01/ailing-navalny-ordered-to-6-months-in-punishment-cell-a80114
  390. Meduza
    https://meduza.io/feature/2023/08/04/alekseya-navalnogo-prigovorili-k-19-godam-kolonii-po-delu-ob-ekstremizme
  391. The Moscow Times
    https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2023/08/04/russia-sentences-navalny-to-19-years-behind-bars-in-extremism-trial-a82056
  392. Газета.Ru
    https://www.gazeta.ru/social/2023/09/26/17647123.shtml
  393. ABC News
    https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/russian-authorities-raid-homes-lawyers-imprisoned-opposition-leader-103951431
  394. Reuters
    https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russias-navalny-removed-prison-colony-whereabouts-unclear-supporters-2023-12-11/
  395. Reuters
    https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/whereabouts-russias-navalny-still-unknown-ally-2023-12-15/
  396. РБК
    https://www.rbc.ru/politics/15/12/2023/657c063e9a7947716c8d6656
  397. The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/dec/25/alexei-navalny-discovered-in-remote-arctic-penal-colony
  398. France 24
    https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20231225-kremlin-critic-navalny-moved-to-arctic-penal-colony-ally
  399. Sky News
    https://news.sky.com/story/russian-opposition-politician-and-putin-critic-alexei-navalny-has-died-13072837
  400. BBC News
    https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-68315943
  401. memohrc.org
    https://memohrc.org/ru/news_old/zaderzhanie-navalnogo-politicheski-motivirovannyy-proizvol-i-rasprava
  402. Caucasian Knot
    https://www.eng.kavkaz-uzel.eu/articles/53414/
  403. Council of Europe
    https://www.coe.int/bs/web/portal/-/pace-s-general-rapporteur-for-political-prisoners-strongly-condemns-alexei-navalny-s-recent-sentencing
  404. "'A killer in the service of the Kremlin' Will Russia's assassin be exchanged?"
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3J2QB7FrsQ
  405. Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2024/feb/16/ukraine-war-live-russia-avdiivka-assault-continues-as-zelenskiy-set-to-visit-europe
  406. Yarmysh, Kira [@Kira_Yarmysh]
    https://x.com/Kira_Yarmysh/status/1758801430125695199
  407. The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/feb/16/russian-activist-and-putin-critic-alexei-navalny-dies-in-prison
  408. BBC News
    https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-68393412
  409. BBC News
    https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-68418193
  410. The Independent
    https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/alexei-navalny-lawyer-russia-arrest-b2503426.html
  411. "Alexei Navalny: Opposition leader's lawyer briefly held in Moscow - reports"
    https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-68418193
  412. "From courtroom to jail. Navalny's lawyers Vadim Kobzev, Alexei Liptser, and Igor Sergunin are now behind bars"
    https://en.zona.media/article/2023/10/13/lawyers
  413. New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/11/books/booksupdate/aleksei-navalny-memoir.html
  414. BBC News
    https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/ce3z4ydk90vo
  415. The Moscow Times
    https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2025/07/31/russia-declares-navalny-memoir-extremist-a90046
  416. Carnegie Moscow Center
    https://carnegiemoscow.org/2010/12/08/navalny-effect-rospil.net-pub-42105
  417. Kommersant
    https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/1512620
  418. Gazeta.ru
    http://www.gazeta.ru/politics/2010/10/07_a_3426748.shtml
  419. Slon.ru
    http://slon.ru/russia/navalnyy_budet_pretendentom_na_vtoroe_mesto_v_prezidentskoy_gonke-1028486.xhtml
  420. The Washington Post
    https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/monkey-cage/wp/2013/10/12/the-best-way-to-demoralize-the-opposition-in-russia-beat-them-in-a-fair-election/
  421. "Песков отказал Навальному в звании "серьезного политика": Политика: Россия"
    http://lenta.ru/news/2013/09/12/peskov/
  422. The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/sep/03/this-gentleman-alexei-navalny-the-name-putin-dares-not-speak
  423. The New Republic
    https://newrepublic.com/article/113929/aleksei-navalny-trial-blogger-gets-five-years-jail#
  424. Mk.ru
    http://www.mk.ru/politics/russia/news/2013/09/30/923229-peskov-putin-ne-proiznosit-imeni-navalnogo-chtobyi-ne-delat-ego-populyarnee.html
  425. "Murder, Poisoning, Raids: It's Election Season in Russia"
    https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-07-23/murder-poisoning-police-raids-it-s-election-season-in-russia
  426. "Песков опроверг запрет на упоминание имени Навального, не произнеся имени оппозиционера"
    http://www.vedomosti.ru/newsline/top/politics/news/2015/07/27/602285-peskov-oproverg-zapret-na-upominanie-imeni-navalnogo-ne-proiznesya-imeni-oppozitsionera
  427. Levada Center
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  428. "Putin, Allies Threatened With Jail as Navalny to Seek Presidency"
    https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-04-05/putin-allies-threatened-with-jail-as-navalny-to-seek-presidency.html
  429. Levada Center
    http://www.levada.ru/2017/04/06/aktsii-protesta-26-marta-i-navalnyj/
  430. levada.ru
    https://www.levada.ru/2020/09/03/doverie-politikam-i-prezidentskoe-golosovanie/
  431. Meduza
    https://meduza.io/en/news/2020/10/02/more-than-half-of-russians-do-not-believe-alexey-navalny-was-poisoned-levada-center-poll-says
  432. Levada Center
    https://www.levada.ru/2020/10/02/aleksej-navalnyj-otnoshenie-i-otravlenie/
  433. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/19/opinion/mr-putin-tries-to-crush-another-rival.html
  434. The Wall Street Journal
    https://blogs.wsj.com/emergingeurope/2013/07/18/reaction-to-russias-jailing-of-alexei-navalny/
  435. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/19/world/europe/russian-court-convicts-opposition-leader-aleksei-navalny.html
  436. "On the Conviction and Sentencing of Alexey Navalniy and Pyotr Ofitserov"
    https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2013/07/212143.htm
  437. "Statement by the Spokesperson of High Representative Catherine Ashton on the sentencing of Alexey Navalny and Pyotr Ofitserov"
    http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_Data/docs/pressdata/EN/foraff/138137.pdf
  438. "Germany criticises verdict against Navalny"
    http://www.dw.de/germany-criticizes-verdict-against-navalny/a-16961300
  439. "Новости NEWSru.com :: Венедиктов объяснил смысл вердикта братьям Навальным: Олега сделали заложником Алексея"
    http://www.newsru.com/arch/russia/30dec2014/zalozhnik.html
  440. "Реакция на приговор братьям Навальным"
    http://tass.ru/politika/1679903
  441. "Олег Навальный приговорён к 3,5 годам по делу "Ив Роше""
    https://www.bbc.com/russian/russia/2014/12/141230_navalny_yves_rocher_sentence
  442. Levada.ru
    http://www.levada.ru/sites/default/files/levadareportmedia.pdf
  443. Levada Center
    https://web.archive.org/web/20150912082543/http://www.levada.ru/07-11-2014/navalnyi-bolotnoe-delo-strelkov-znanie-i-otnoshenie
  444. The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/may/10/russian-blogger-alexei-navalny
  445. Financial Times
    https://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/265120c6-7b3a-11e0-9b06-00144feabdc0
  446. The Moscow Times
    https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2011/05/10/navalny-targeted-in-fraud-inquiry-a6871
  447. "Russians tire of corruption spectacle"
    https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-15972326
  448. The Economist
    https://www.economist.com/europe/2011/12/17/the-birth-of-russian-citizenry
  449. "So where's the change in Russia? – Le Monde diplomatique – English edition"
    http://mondediplo.com/2012/04/02russia
  450. The Atlantic
    https://web.archive.org/web/20210227125259/https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2013/07/is-aleksei-navalny-a-liberal-or-a-nationalist/278186/
  451. The Moscow Times.com
    https://web.archive.org/web/20210117224422/https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2011/11/06/russian-march-resists-navalny-a10629
  452. Ng.ru
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  453. spiegel.de
    https://www.spiegel.de/international/world/alexei-navalny-on-his-poisoning-i-assert-that-putin-was-behind-the-crime-a-ae5923d5-20f3-4117-80bd-39a99b5b86f4
  454. Radio Svoboda
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  455. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/09/world/europe/chechnyas-costs-stir-anger-as-russia-approaches-elections.html
  456. "Russia's Aleksei Navalny: Hope Of The Nation – Or The Nationalists?"
    http://www.rferl.org/content/russia-navalny-nationalist-fears/25059277.html
  457. Time
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  458. politico.eu
    https://web.archive.org/web/20210207110916/https://www.politico.eu/article/5-things-you-need-to-know-about-alexei-navalny/
  459. The New Yorker
    https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/the-evolution-of-alexey-navalnys-nationalism
  460. The Guardian
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  461. "Putin crafts spectacle for re-election landslide"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20180401072527/https://cambridgeglobalist.org/?p=1227
  462. Politico
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  463. Time
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  464. Al Jazeera
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  465. Foreign Policy
    https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/03/05/alexei-navalny-amnesty-prisoner-conscience-dissidents-saints/
  466. The Guardian
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  467. "Rousing Russia With a Phrase"
    https://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/10/world/europe/the-saturday-profile-blogger-aleksei-navalny-rouses-russia.html
  468. The New Yorker
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  469. The Nation
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  470. Time
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  471. "Navalny's Failure To Renounce His Nationalist Past May Be Straining His Support"
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  472. globalvoices.org
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  473. Russia Matters.org
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  474. eurasianet.org
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  475. lrt.lt
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  476. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
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  477. JAMnews
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  478. The Post Internazionale
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  479. Noi
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  480. Telegraf.by
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  481. The Moscow Times
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  482. The Moscow Times
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  483. The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/oct/17/putin-is-destroying-russia-why-base-his-regime-on-corruption-asks-navalny
  484. "Russia's Navalny protests provoke mixed emotions in Ukraine"
    https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/ukrainealert/russias-navalny-protests-provoke-mixed-emotions-in-ukraine/
  485. "Prayers Answered? Ukrainian Orthodox Church Marks One Year Of Independence From Moscow"
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  486. Meduza
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  487. Meduza
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  488. The Moscow Times
    https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/03/02/navalny-calls-on-russians-to-take-to-the-streets-to-stop-the-war-a76713
  489. "Russia's Navalny calls Putin insane and urges anti-war protests"
    https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/kremlin-critic-navalny-calls-daily-anti-war-protests-russia-2022-03-02/
  490. inews.co.uk.
    https://inews.co.uk/opinion/channelling-goebbels-the-obscenity-of-russian-state-tv-news-as-it-conceals-war-crimes-for-putin-1559603?ico=best_of_opinion
  491. The Moscow Times
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  492. Reuters
    https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/jailed-kremlin-foe-navalny-lambasts-putins-stupid-war-ukraine-2022-05-24/
  493. CBS News
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  494. Meduza
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  495. spektr.press
    https://spektr.press/vy-svoim-shizo-mne-rot-ne-zatknete-eto-prestuplenie-protiv-moej-strany-navalnyj-vystupil-na-sude/
  496. BBC News Russian
    https://www.bbc.com/russian/news-63006176
  497. BreakingNews.ie
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  498. The Moscow Times
    https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2024/02/01/navalny-calls-for-election-day-protest-against-putin-ukraine-invasion-a83946
  499. Leonid Bershidsky
    https://www.bloomberg.com/view/articles/2016-12-14/a-populist-challenge-to-putin
  500. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
    https://www.rferl.org/a/russia-navalny-presidential-candidate-criticizes-syria-ukraine/28189546.html
  501. Vedomosti
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  502. banki.ru
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  503. Newsler.ru
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  504. cfb.ru
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  505. finparty.ru
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  506. Foreign Policy
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  507. Foreign Policy
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  508. Time
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  509. Prospect
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  510. MemoryandConscience.eu
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  511. Time
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  512. Vedomosti
    https://www.vedomosti.ru/opinion/articles/2017/12/28/746765-politik-goda-aleksei-navalnii
  513. BBC Russian Service
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  514. Vedomosti
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  515. Aftenposten
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  516. Dagsavisen
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  517. Metro
    https://metro.co.uk/2021/01/27/alexander-litvinenkos-widow-wants-nobel-prize-for-man-opposing-putin-13977044/
  518. nemtsovfund.org
    https://nemtsovfund.org/en/2021/02/boris-nemtsov-prize-for-courage-2021-awarded-to-alexei-navalny
  519. iDNES.cz
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  520. AP Images
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  521. "Russia: Jailed Kremlin critic Navalny dedicates human rights award to political prisoners"
    https://www.dw.com/en/russia-jailed-kremlin-critic-navalny-dedicates-human-rights-award-to-political-prisoners/a-57818529
  522. Time
    https://time.com/collection/100-most-influential-people-2021/6096084/alexei-navalny/
  523. Casimir Pulaski Foundation
    https://pulaski.pl/en/alexey-navalny-2021-knight-of-freedom-awardee/
  524. Warsaw Security Forum
    https://warsawsecurityforum.org/alexey-navalny-2021-knight-of-freedom-awardee/
  525. Voice of America
    https://www.golosameriki.com/a/navalny-became/6260831.html
  526. "Kremlin critic Navalny wins EU rights prize for his "immense bravery""
    https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russias-navalny-wins-eu-rights-prize-2021-10-20/
  527. The Washington Post
    https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/10/20/navalny-sakharov-russia-europe/
  528. The Moscow Times
    https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2021/10/07/german-freedom-of-expression-prize-goes-to-navalny-a75236
  529. RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty
    https://www.rferl.org/a/navalny-russia-civil-courage-prize/32100971.html
  530. Sky News
    https://news.sky.com/story/bafta-film-awards-2023-the-full-list-of-winners-12815159
  531. The Guardian
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  532. bbc.co.uk
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  533. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/27/opinion/putin-russia-teenagers.html
  534. Navalny.com 2018
    https://2018.navalny.com/en/biography/
  535. Open Democracy
    https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/odr/akunin-navalny-interviews-part-i/
  536. "Alexei Navalny moved to infamous maximum security prison, says aide"
    https://www.politico.eu/article/alexei-navalny-opposition-leader-move-maximum-security-prison/
  537. Meduza
    https://meduza.io/feature/2022/06/15/alekseya-navalnogo-otpravili-v-pytochnuyu-koloniyu-6-vo-vladimirskoy-oblasti
  538. YouTube
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n74UMp2Kmp4
  539. YouTube
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1u6XTUvaDBM
  540. YouTube
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  541. Foreign Affairs
    https://www.foreignaffairs.com/reviews/capsule-review/2016-12-08/opposing-forces-plotting-new-russia
  542. Time
    https://time.com/collection/100-most-influential-people-2022/6177689/vladimir-putin-leaders/
  543. ABC News
    https://www.abc.net.au/news/2024-10-22/yulia-navalnaya-says-will-stand-for-russia-president-after-putin/104504472
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