| Res. | Record | Opponent | Method | Event | Date | Round | Time | Location | Notes |
| Win | 39–11 | Jailton Almeida | Decision (split) | UFC 321 | October 25, 2025 | 3 | 5:00 | Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates | |
| Loss | 38–11 | Ciryl Gane | Decision (split) | UFC 310 | December 7, 2024 | 3 | 5:00 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | |
| Win | 38–10 | Sergei Pavlovich | Decision (unanimous) | UFC on ABC: Whittaker vs. Aliskerov | June 22, 2024 | 3 | 5:00 | Riyadh, Saudi Arabia | |
| Win | 37–10 | Tai Tuivasa | Submission (Ezekiel choke) | UFC 293 | September 10, 2023 | 2 | 4:37 | Sydney, Australia | |
| Win | 36–10 | Alexander Romanov | TKO (punches) | UFC Fight Night: Yan vs. Dvalishvili | March 11, 2023 | 1 | 2:16 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | |
| Win | 35–10 | Jairzinho Rozenstruik | TKO (punches) | UFC Fight Night: Volkov vs. Rozenstruik | June 4, 2022 | 1 | 2:12 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | |
| Loss | 34–10 | Tom Aspinall | Submission (straight armbar) | UFC Fight Night: Volkov vs. Aspinall | March 19, 2022 | 1 | 3:45 | London, England | |
| Win | 34–9 | Marcin Tybura | Decision (unanimous) | UFC 267 | October 30, 2021 | 3 | 5:00 | Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates | |
| Loss | 33–9 | Ciryl Gane | Decision (unanimous) | UFC Fight Night: Gane vs. Volkov | June 26, 2021 | 5 | 5:00 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | |
| Win | 33–8 | Alistair Overeem | TKO (punches) | UFC Fight Night: Overeem vs. Volkov | February 6, 2021 | 2 | 2:06 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | Performance of the Night. |
| Win | 32–8 | Walt Harris | TKO (body kick and punches) | UFC 254 | October 24, 2020 | 2 | 1:15 | Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates | |
| Loss | 31–8 | Curtis Blaydes | Decision (unanimous) | UFC on ESPN: Blaydes vs. Volkov | June 20, 2020 | 5 | 5:00 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | |
| Win | 31–7 | Greg Hardy | Decision (unanimous) | UFC Fight Night: Magomedsharipov vs. Kattar | November 9, 2019 | 3 | 5:00 | Moscow, Russia | |
| Loss | 30–7 | Derrick Lewis | KO (punches) | UFC 229 | October 6, 2018 | 3 | 4:49 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | UFC heavyweight title eliminator. |
| Win | 30–6 | Fabrício Werdum | KO (punches) | UFC Fight Night: Werdum vs. Volkov | March 17, 2018 | 4 | 1:38 | London, England | Performance of the Night. |
| Win | 29–6 | Stefan Struve | TKO (punches) | UFC Fight Night: Volkov vs. Struve | September 2, 2017 | 3 | 3:30 | Rotterdam, Netherlands | Fight of the Night. |
| Win | 28–6 | Roy Nelson | Decision (unanimous) | UFC on Fox: Johnson vs. Reis | April 15, 2017 | 3 | 5:00 | Kansas City, Missouri, United States | |
| Win | 27–6 | Timothy Johnson | Decision (split) | UFC Fight Night: Mousasi vs. Hall 2 | November 19, 2016 | 3 | 5:00 | Belfast, Northern Ireland | |
| Win | 26–6 | Attila Végh | KO (punches) | M-1 Challenge 68 | June 16, 2016 | 1 | 2:38 | Moscow, Russia | Defended the M-1 Global Heavyweight Championship. |
| Win | 25–6 | Denis Smoldarev | Submission (triangle choke) | M-1 Challenge 64 | February 19, 2016 | 3 | 0:41 | Moscow, Russia | Won the vacant M-1 Global Heavyweight Championship. |
| Loss | 24–6 | Cheick Kongo | Decision (unanimous) | Bellator 139 | June 26, 2015 | 3 | 5:00 | Mulvane, Kansas, United States | |
| Loss | 24–5 | Tony Johnson | Decision (split) | Bellator 136 | April 10, 2015 | 3 | 5:00 | Irvine, California, United States | |
| Win | 24–4 | Alexei Kudin | Decision (unanimous) | Union MMA Pro 2015 | February 21, 2015 | 3 | 5:00 | Krasnodar, Russia | |
| Win | 23–4 | Roy Boughton | TKO (punches) | Tech-KREP FC: Battle of Heroes | December 12, 2014 | 1 | 0:40 | Saint Petersburg, Russia | |
| Win | 22–4 | Blagoy Ivanov | Submission (rear-naked choke) | Bellator 120 | May 17, 2014 | 2 | 1:08 | Southaven, Mississippi, United States | Bellator Season 10 Heavyweight Tournament Final. |
| Win | 21–4 | Mighty Mo | KO (head kick) | Bellator 116 | April 11, 2014 | 1 | 2:44 | Temecula, California, United States | Bellator Season 10 Heavyweight Tournament Semifinal. |
| Win | 20–4 | Mark Holata | TKO (punches) | Bellator 111 | March 7, 2014 | 1 | 1:21 | Thackerville, Oklahoma, United States | Bellator Season 10 Heavyweight Tournament Quarterfinal. |
| Loss | 19–4 | Vitaly Minakov | TKO (punches) | Bellator 108 | November 15, 2013 | 1 | 2:57 | Atlantic City, New Jersey, United States | Lost the Bellator Heavyweight World Championship. |
| Win | 19–3 | Rich Hale | Decision (unanimous) | Bellator 84 | December 14, 2012 | 5 | 5:00 | Hammond, Indiana, United States | Won the vacant Bellator Heavyweight World Championship; Bellator Season 7 Heavyweight Tournament Final. |
| Win | 18–3 | Vinicius Queiroz | TKO (punches) | Bellator 80 | November 9, 2012 | 2 | 4:59 | Hollywood, Florida, United States | Bellator Season 7 Heavyweight Tournament Semifinal. |
| Win | 17–3 | Brett Rogers | Decision (unanimous) | Bellator 75 | October 5, 2012 | 3 | 5:00 | Hammond, Indiana, United States | Bellator Season 7 Heavyweight Tournament Quarterfinal. |
| Win | 16–3 | Stefan Stankovic | TKO (punches) | MFP: Mayor Cup 2012 | May 26, 2012 | 1 | 4:27 | Khabarovsk, Russia | |
| Win | 15–3 | Ricco Rodriguez | Decision (unanimous) | BF: Baltic Challenge 3 | February 23, 2012 | 3 | 5:00 | Kaliningrad, Russia | |
| Win | 14–3 | Arsen Abdulkerimov | TKO (punches) | M-1 Global: Fedor vs. Monson | November 20, 2011 | 1 | 0:26 | Moscow, Russia | |
| Win | 13–3 | Bahodir Ibrogimov | TKO (punches) | MMA Corona Cup 1 | October 7, 2011 | 2 | 2:22 | Moscow, Russia | |
| Win | 12–3 | Nedyalko Karadzhov | TKO (punches) | League S-70: Russia vs. Brazil | August 5, 2011 | 1 | 2:41 | Sochi, Russia | |
| Win | 11–3 | Denis Goltsov | TKO (punches) | M-1 Challenge 25 | April 28, 2011 | 2 | 3:05 | Saint Petersburg, Russia | |
| Win | 10–3 | Ruslan Chapko | TKO (punches) | Voronezh Interregional 2011 | January 15, 2011 | 1 | N/A | Voronezh, Russia | |
| Loss | 9–3 | Pat Bennett | Decision (unanimous) | M-1 Challenge 22 | December 10, 2010 | 4 | 5:00 | Moscow, Russia | |
| Win | 9–2 | Evgeni Babich | TKO (punches) | LM: Tournament 3 | September 18, 2010 | 1 | 2:10 | Lipetsk, Russia | |
| Win | 8–2 | Eldar Yagudin | TKO (punches) | Ratnoe Pole: The First Battlefield | August 7, 2010 | 1 | 4:34 | Ryazan, Russia | |
| Loss | 7–2 | Maxim Grishin | Submission (rear-naked choke) | M-1 Selection: 2010 Eastern Europe Finals | July 22, 2010 | 1 | 2:39 | Moscow, Russia | Eastern Europe Tournament Final. |
| Win | 7–1 | Alexander Romaschenko | Submission (rear-naked choke) | M-1 Selection: 2010 Eastern Europe Round 3 | May 28, 2010 | 1 | 2:59 | Kyiv, Ukraine | Eastern Europe Tournament Semifinal. |
| Win | 6–1 | Vitalii Yalovenko | TKO (doctor stoppage) | M-1 Selection: 2010 Eastern Europe Round 2 | April 10, 2010 | 2 | 1:05 | Kyiv, Ukraine | Eastern Europe Tournament Opening Round. |
| Win | 5–1 | Ibragim Magomedov | Decision (unanimous) | M-1 Challenge 20: 2009 Finals | December 3, 2009 | 3 | 5:00 | Saint Petersburg, Russia | Russian Team Championship Finals. |
| Win | 4–1 | Smbat Zakaryan | TKO (punches) | ProFC: Union Nation Cup 3 | October 30, 2009 | 1 | 4:20 | Rostov-on-Don, Russia | 3rd Stage CIS Cup Team. |
| Win | 3–1 | Abdulhalik Magomedov | TKO (punches) | M-1 Challenge: 2009 Selections 8 | October 4, 2009 | 1 | 4:43 | Moscow, Russia | 8th Stage Russian Team Championship. |
| Loss | 2–1 | Akhmed Sultanov | Submission (armbar) | M-1 Challenge: 2009 Selections 4 | June 24, 2009 | 1 | 2:50 | Saint Petersburg, Russia | 4th Stage Russian Team Championship. |
| Win | 2–0 | Adam Alikhanov | TKO (punches) | M-1 Challenge: 2009 Selections 3 | May 28, 2009 | 1 | 0:20 | Saint Petersburg, Russia | 3rd Stage Russian Team Championship. |