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Alabama

Updated: Wikipedia source

Alabama

Alabama ( AL-ə-BAM-ə) is a state in the Southeastern and Deep Southern regions of the United States. It borders Tennessee to the north, Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south, and Mississippi to the west. Alabama is the 30th largest by area, and the 24th-most populous of the 50 U.S. states. Alabama is nicknamed the Yellowhammer State, after the state bird. Alabama is also known as the "Heart of Dixie" and the "Cotton State". The state has diverse geography, with the north dominated by the mountainous Tennessee Valley and the south by Mobile Bay, a historically significant port. Alabama's capital is Montgomery, and its largest city by population and area is Huntsville. Its oldest city is Mobile, founded by French colonists (Alabama Creoles) in 1702 as the capital of French Louisiana. Greater Birmingham is Alabama's largest metropolitan area and its economic center. Politically, as part of the Deep South, or "Bible Belt", Alabama is a predominantly conservative state and is known for its Southern culture. Within Alabama, American football, particularly at the college level, plays a major part of the state's culture. Originally home to many native tribes, present-day Alabama was a Spanish territory beginning in the sixteenth century until the French acquired it in the early eighteenth century. The British won the territory in 1763 until losing it in the American Revolutionary War. Spain held Mobile as part of Spanish West Florida until 1813. In December 1819, Alabama was recognized as a state. During the antebellum period, Alabama was a major producer of cotton and widely used African American slave labor. In 1861, the state seceded from the United States to become part of the Confederate States of America, with Montgomery acting as its first capital, and rejoined the Union in 1868. Following the American Civil War, Alabama would suffer decades of economic hardship, in part due to agriculture and a few cash crops being the main driver of the state's economy. Similar to other former slave states, Alabamian legislators employed Jim Crow laws from the late 19th century up until the 1960s. High-profile events such as the Selma to Montgomery marches made the state a major focal point of the civil rights movement in the 1950s and 1960s. During and after World War II, Alabama grew as the state's economy diversified with new industries. In 1960, the establishment of NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville helped boost Alabama's economic growth by developing a local aerospace industry. Alabama's economy in the 21st century is based on automotive, finance, tourism, manufacturing, aerospace, mineral extraction, healthcare, education, retail, and technology. Despite this economic and industrial growth in recent decades, Alabama typically ranks low in terms of health outcomes, educational attainment, and median household income.

Infobox

Country
United States
Before statehood
Alabama Territory
Admitted to the Union
December 14, 1819 (22nd)
Capital
Montgomery
Largest city
Huntsville
Largest county or equivalent
Jefferson
Largest metro and urban areas
Greater Birmingham
• Governor
Kay Ivey (R)
• Lieutenant Governor
Will Ainsworth (R)
Legislature
Alabama Legislature
• Upper house
Senate
• Lower house
House of Representatives
Judiciary
Supreme Court of Alabama
U.S. senators
Tommy Tuberville (R)Katie Britt (R)
U.S. House delegation
5 Republicans2 Democrats (list)
• Total
5,157,699
• Land
50,744 sq mi (131,426 km2)
• Water
1,675 sq mi (4,338 km2) 3.2%
• Rank
27th
• Length
330 mi (531 km)
• Width
190 mi (305 km)
Elevation
490 ft (150 m)
Highest elevation (Mount Cheaha[a])
2,413 ft (735.5 m)
Lowest elevation (Gulf of Mexico)
0 ft (0 m)
• Density
99/sq mi (38.3/km2)
• Median household income
$62,200 (2023)
• Income rank
44th
Demonym(s)
Alabamian, Alabaman
• Official language
English
• Spoken language
As of 2010[update] English 95.1% Spanish 3.1%
Entire state (legally)
UTC– 06:00 (Central)
• Summer (DST)
UTC– 04:00 (EDT)
Phenix City area (unofficially)
UTC– 05:00 (Eastern)
USPS abbreviation
AL
ISO 3166 code
US-AL
Traditional abbreviation
Ala.
Latitude
30°11' N to 35° N
Longitude
84°53' W to 88°28' W
Website
alabama.gov

Tables

Monthly normal high and low temperatures for various Alabama cities [°F (°C)] · Geography › Climate
Huntsville
Huntsville
Month
Huntsville
Month
Average high
Jan
48.9(9.4)
Feb
54.6(12.6)
Mar
63.4(17.4)
Apr
72.3(22.4)
May
79.6(26.4)
Jun
86.5(30.3)
Jul
89.4(31.9)
Aug
89.0(31.7)
Sep
83.0(28.3)
Oct
72.9(22.7)
Nov
61.6(16.4)
Dec
52.4(11.3)
Year
71.1(21.7)
Average low
Average low
Month
Average low
Month
30.7(-0.7)
Jan
34.0(1.1)
Feb
41.2(5.1)
Mar
48.4(9.1)
Apr
57.5(14.2)
May
65.4(18.6)
Jun
69.5(20.8)
Jul
68.1(20.1)
Aug
61.7(16.5)
Sep
49.6(9.8)
Oct
40.7(4.8)
Nov
33.8(1.0)
Dec
50.1(10.1)
Birmingham
Birmingham
Month
Birmingham
Month
Average high
Jan
52.8(11.6)
Feb
58.3(14.6)
Mar
66.5(19.2)
Apr
74.1(23.4)
May
81.0(27.2)
Jun
87.5(30.8)
Jul
90.6(32.6)
Aug
90.2(32.3)
Sep
84.6(29.2)
Oct
74.9(23.8)
Nov
64.5(18.1)
Dec
56.0(13.3)
Year
73.4(23.0)
Average low
Average low
Month
Average low
Month
32.3(0.2)
Jan
35.4(1.9)
Feb
42.4(5.8)
Mar
48.4(9.1)
Apr
57.6(14.2)
May
65.4(18.6)
Jun
69.7(20.9)
Jul
68.9(20.5)
Aug
63.0(17.2)
Sep
50.9(10.5)
Oct
41.8(5.4)
Nov
35.2(1.8)
Dec
50.9(10.5)
Montgomery
Montgomery
Month
Montgomery
Month
Average high
Jan
57.6(14.2)
Feb
62.4(16.9)
Mar
70.5(21.4)
Apr
77.5(25.3)
May
84.6(29.2)
Jun
90.6(32.6)
Jul
92.7(33.7)
Aug
92.2(33.4)
Sep
87.7(30.9)
Oct
78.7(25.9)
Nov
68.7(20.4)
Dec
60.3(15.7)
Year
77.0(25.0)
Average low
Average low
Month
Average low
Month
35.5(1.9)
Jan
38.6(3.7)
Feb
45.4(7.4)
Mar
52.1(11.2)
Apr
60.1(15.6)
May
67.3(19.6)
Jun
70.9(21.6)
Jul
70.1(21.2)
Aug
64.9(18.3)
Sep
52.2(11.2)
Oct
43.5(6.4)
Nov
37.6(3.1)
Dec
53.2(11.8)
Mobile
Mobile
Month
Mobile
Month
Average high
Jan
60.7(15.9)
Feb
64.5(18.1)
Mar
71.2(21.8)
Apr
77.4(25.2)
May
84.2(29.0)
Jun
89.4(31.9)
Jul
91.2(32.9)
Aug
90.8(32.7)
Sep
86.8(30.4)
Oct
79.2(26.2)
Nov
70.1(21.2)
Dec
62.9(17.2)
Year
77.4(25.2)
Average low
Average low
Month
Average low
Month
39.5(4.2)
Jan
42.4(5.8)
Feb
49.2(9.6)
Mar
54.8(12.7)
Apr
62.8(17.1)
May
69.2(20.7)
Jun
71.8(22.1)
Jul
71.7(22.0)
Aug
67.6(19.8)
Sep
56.3(13.5)
Oct
47.8(8.8)
Nov
41.6(5.3)
Dec
56.2(13.4)
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
html.skin-theme-clientpref-os od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os od > }HuntsvilleBirminghamMontgomeryMobileclass=notpageimage| Cities in Alabama
Huntsville
Average high
48.9(9.4)
54.6(12.6)
63.4(17.4)
72.3(22.4)
79.6(26.4)
86.5(30.3)
89.4(31.9)
89.0(31.7)
83.0(28.3)
72.9(22.7)
61.6(16.4)
52.4(11.3)
71.1(21.7)
Average low
30.7(-0.7)
34.0(1.1)
41.2(5.1)
48.4(9.1)
57.5(14.2)
65.4(18.6)
69.5(20.8)
68.1(20.1)
61.7(16.5)
49.6(9.8)
40.7(4.8)
33.8(1.0)
50.1(10.1)
Birmingham
Average high
52.8(11.6)
58.3(14.6)
66.5(19.2)
74.1(23.4)
81.0(27.2)
87.5(30.8)
90.6(32.6)
90.2(32.3)
84.6(29.2)
74.9(23.8)
64.5(18.1)
56.0(13.3)
73.4(23.0)
Average low
32.3(0.2)
35.4(1.9)
42.4(5.8)
48.4(9.1)
57.6(14.2)
65.4(18.6)
69.7(20.9)
68.9(20.5)
63.0(17.2)
50.9(10.5)
41.8(5.4)
35.2(1.8)
50.9(10.5)
Montgomery
Average high
57.6(14.2)
62.4(16.9)
70.5(21.4)
77.5(25.3)
84.6(29.2)
90.6(32.6)
92.7(33.7)
92.2(33.4)
87.7(30.9)
78.7(25.9)
68.7(20.4)
60.3(15.7)
77.0(25.0)
Average low
35.5(1.9)
38.6(3.7)
45.4(7.4)
52.1(11.2)
60.1(15.6)
67.3(19.6)
70.9(21.6)
70.1(21.2)
64.9(18.3)
52.2(11.2)
43.5(6.4)
37.6(3.1)
53.2(11.8)
Mobile
Average high
60.7(15.9)
64.5(18.1)
71.2(21.8)
77.4(25.2)
84.2(29.0)
89.4(31.9)
91.2(32.9)
90.8(32.7)
86.8(30.4)
79.2(26.2)
70.1(21.2)
62.9(17.2)
77.4(25.2)
Average low
39.5(4.2)
42.4(5.8)
49.2(9.6)
54.8(12.7)
62.8(17.1)
69.2(20.7)
71.8(22.1)
71.7(22.0)
67.6(19.8)
56.3(13.5)
47.8(8.8)
41.6(5.3)
56.2(13.4)
Racial and ethnic composition as of the 2020 census · Demographics › Race and ethnicity
White (non-Hispanic)
White (non-Hispanic)
Race and ethnicity
White (non-Hispanic)
Alone
63.1%
Total (including as part of multiracial)
66.5%
African American (non-Hispanic)
African American (non-Hispanic)
Race and ethnicity
African American (non-Hispanic)
Alone
25.6%
Total (including as part of multiracial)
26.9%
Hispanic or Latino
Hispanic or Latino
Race and ethnicity
Hispanic or Latino
Alone
Total (including as part of multiracial)
5.3%
Asian
Asian
Race and ethnicity
Asian
Alone
1.5%
Total (including as part of multiracial)
2.0%
Native American
Native American
Race and ethnicity
Native American
Alone
0.5%
Total (including as part of multiracial)
2.2%
Pacific Islander
Pacific Islander
Race and ethnicity
Pacific Islander
Alone
0.1%
Total (including as part of multiracial)
0.1%
Other
Other
Race and ethnicity
Other
Alone
0.3%
Total (including as part of multiracial)
0.8%
Race and ethnicity
Alone
Total (including as part of multiracial)
White (non-Hispanic)
63.1%
66.5%
African American (non-Hispanic)
25.6%
26.9%
Hispanic or Latino
5.3%
Asian
1.5%
2.0%
Native American
0.5%
2.2%
Pacific Islander
0.1%
0.1%
Other
0.3%
0.8%
· Economy › Largest employers
Redstone Arsenal
Redstone Arsenal
Employer
Redstone Arsenal
Employees
25,373
University of Alabama at Birmingham (includes UAB Hospital)
University of Alabama at Birmingham (includes UAB Hospital)
Employer
University of Alabama at Birmingham (includes UAB Hospital)
Employees
18,750
Maxwell Air Force Base
Maxwell Air Force Base
Employer
Maxwell Air Force Base
Employees
12,280
State of Alabama
State of Alabama
Employer
State of Alabama
Employees
9,500
Mobile County Public School System
Mobile County Public School System
Employer
Mobile County Public School System
Employees
8,100
Employer
Employees
Redstone Arsenal
25,373
University of Alabama at Birmingham (includes UAB Hospital)
18,750
Maxwell Air Force Base
12,280
State of Alabama
9,500
Mobile County Public School System
8,100
· Economy › Largest employers
Anniston Army Depot
Anniston Army Depot
Employer
Anniston Army Depot
Location
Anniston
AT&T
AT&T
Employer
AT&T
Location
Multiple
Auburn University
Auburn University
Employer
Auburn University
Location
Auburn
Baptist Medical Center South
Baptist Medical Center South
Employer
Baptist Medical Center South
Location
Montgomery
Birmingham City Schools
Birmingham City Schools
Employer
Birmingham City Schools
Location
Birmingham
City of Birmingham
City of Birmingham
Employer
City of Birmingham
Location
Birmingham
DCH Health System
DCH Health System
Employer
DCH Health System
Location
Tuscaloosa
Huntsville City Schools
Huntsville City Schools
Employer
Huntsville City Schools
Location
Huntsville
Huntsville Hospital System
Huntsville Hospital System
Employer
Huntsville Hospital System
Location
Huntsville
Hyundai Motor Manufacturing Alabama
Hyundai Motor Manufacturing Alabama
Employer
Hyundai Motor Manufacturing Alabama
Location
Montgomery
Infirmary Health System
Infirmary Health System
Employer
Infirmary Health System
Location
Mobile
Jefferson County Board of Education
Jefferson County Board of Education
Employer
Jefferson County Board of Education
Location
Birmingham
Marshall Space Flight Center
Marshall Space Flight Center
Employer
Marshall Space Flight Center
Location
Huntsville
Mercedes-Benz U.S. International
Mercedes-Benz U.S. International
Employer
Mercedes-Benz U.S. International
Location
Vance
Montgomery Public Schools
Montgomery Public Schools
Employer
Montgomery Public Schools
Location
Montgomery
Regions Financial Corporation
Regions Financial Corporation
Employer
Regions Financial Corporation
Location
Multiple
Boeing
Boeing
Employer
Boeing
Location
Multiple
University of Alabama
University of Alabama
Employer
University of Alabama
Location
Tuscaloosa
University of South Alabama
University of South Alabama
Employer
University of South Alabama
Location
Mobile
Walmart
Walmart
Employer
Walmart
Location
Multiple
Employer
Location
Anniston Army Depot
Anniston
AT&T
Multiple
Auburn University
Auburn
Baptist Medical Center South
Montgomery
Birmingham City Schools
Birmingham
City of Birmingham
Birmingham
DCH Health System
Tuscaloosa
Huntsville City Schools
Huntsville
Huntsville Hospital System
Huntsville
Hyundai Motor Manufacturing Alabama
Montgomery
Infirmary Health System
Mobile
Jefferson County Board of Education
Birmingham
Marshall Space Flight Center
Huntsville
Mercedes-Benz U.S. International
Vance
Montgomery Public Schools
Montgomery
Regions Financial Corporation
Multiple
Boeing
Multiple
University of Alabama
Tuscaloosa
University of South Alabama
Mobile
Walmart
Multiple
Largest counties in Alabama by population · Law and government › County and local governments
1
1
Rank
1
County
Jefferson
Population(2019 Estimate)
658,573
Population(2010 Census)
658,158
Seat
Birmingham
Largest city
Birmingham
2
2
Rank
2
County
Mobile
Population(2019 Estimate)
413,210
Population(2010 Census)
412,992
Seat
Mobile
Largest city
Mobile
3
3
Rank
3
County
Madison
Population(2019 Estimate)
372,909
Population(2010 Census)
334,811
Seat
Huntsville
Largest city
Huntsville
4
4
Rank
4
County
Montgomery
Population(2019 Estimate)
226,486
Population(2010 Census)
229,363
Seat
Montgomery
Largest city
Montgomery
5
5
Rank
5
County
Shelby
Population(2019 Estimate)
217,702
Population(2010 Census)
195,085
Seat
Columbiana
Largest city
Hoover (part)Alabaster
6
6
Rank
6
County
Baldwin
Population(2019 Estimate)
223,234
Population(2010 Census)
182,265
Seat
Bay Minette
Largest city
Daphne
7
7
Rank
7
County
Tuscaloosa
Population(2019 Estimate)
209,355
Population(2010 Census)
194,656
Seat
Tuscaloosa
Largest city
Tuscaloosa
8
8
Rank
8
County
Lee
Population(2019 Estimate)
164,542
Population(2010 Census)
140,247
Seat
Opelika
Largest city
Auburn
9
9
Rank
9
County
Morgan
Population(2019 Estimate)
119,679
Population(2010 Census)
119,490
Seat
Decatur
Largest city
Decatur
10
10
Rank
10
County
Calhoun
Population(2019 Estimate)
113,605
Population(2010 Census)
118,572
Seat
Anniston
Largest city
Anniston
11
11
Rank
11
County
Houston
Population(2019 Estimate)
105,882
Population(2010 Census)
101,547
Seat
Dothan
Largest city
Dothan
12
12
Rank
12
County
Etowah
Population(2019 Estimate)
102,268
Population(2010 Census)
104,303
Seat
Gadsden
Largest city
Gadsden
13
13
Rank
13
County
Limestone
Population(2019 Estimate)
98,915
Population(2010 Census)
82,782
Seat
Athens
Largest city
Athens
14
14
Rank
14
County
Marshall
Population(2019 Estimate)
96,774
Population(2010 Census)
93,019
Seat
Guntersville
Largest city
Albertville
15
15
Rank
15
County
Lauderdale
Population(2019 Estimate)
92,729
Population(2010 Census)
92,709
Seat
Florence
Largest city
Florence
Rank
County
Population(2019 Estimate)
Population(2010 Census)
Seat
Largest city
1
Jefferson
658,573
658,158
Birmingham
Birmingham
2
Mobile
413,210
412,992
Mobile
Mobile
3
Madison
372,909
334,811
Huntsville
Huntsville
4
Montgomery
226,486
229,363
Montgomery
Montgomery
5
Shelby
217,702
195,085
Columbiana
Hoover (part)Alabaster
6
Baldwin
223,234
182,265
Bay Minette
Daphne
7
Tuscaloosa
209,355
194,656
Tuscaloosa
Tuscaloosa
8
Lee
164,542
140,247
Opelika
Auburn
9
Morgan
119,679
119,490
Decatur
Decatur
10
Calhoun
113,605
118,572
Anniston
Anniston
11
Houston
105,882
101,547
Dothan
Dothan
12
Etowah
102,268
104,303
Gadsden
Gadsden
13
Limestone
98,915
82,782
Athens
Athens
14
Marshall
96,774
93,019
Guntersville
Albertville
15
Lauderdale
92,729
92,709
Florence
Florence
· Culture › Sports › Professional sports
AFC Mobile
AFC Mobile
Club
AFC Mobile
City
Mobile
Sport
Soccer
League
Gulf Coast Premier League
Venue
Archbishop Lipscomb Athletic Complex
Birmingham Bulls
Birmingham Bulls
Club
Birmingham Bulls
City
Pelham
Sport
Ice hockey
League
Southern Professional Hockey League
Venue
Pelham Civic Center
Birmingham Legion FC
Birmingham Legion FC
Club
Birmingham Legion FC
City
Birmingham
Sport
Soccer
League
USL Championship
Venue
PNC Field
Birmingham Barons
Birmingham Barons
Club
Birmingham Barons
City
Birmingham
Sport
Baseball
League
Southern League (Double-A)
Venue
Regions Field
Birmingham Stallions
Birmingham Stallions
Club
Birmingham Stallions
City
Birmingham
Sport
Football
League
United Football League
Venue
Protective Stadium
Huntsville Havoc
Huntsville Havoc
Club
Huntsville Havoc
City
Huntsville
Sport
Ice hockey
League
Southern Professional Hockey League
Venue
Von Braun Center
Montgomery Biscuits
Montgomery Biscuits
Club
Montgomery Biscuits
City
Montgomery
Sport
Baseball
League
Southern League (Double-A)
Venue
Montgomery Riverwalk Stadium
Rocket City Trash Pandas
Rocket City Trash Pandas
Club
Rocket City Trash Pandas
City
Madison
Sport
Baseball
League
Southern League (Double-A)
Venue
Toyota Field
Tennessee Valley Tigers
Tennessee Valley Tigers
Club
Tennessee Valley Tigers
City
Huntsville
Sport
Football
League
Independent Women's Football League
Venue
Milton Frank Stadium
Club
City
Sport
League
Venue
AFC Mobile
Mobile
Soccer
Gulf Coast Premier League
Archbishop Lipscomb Athletic Complex
Birmingham Bulls
Pelham
Ice hockey
Southern Professional Hockey League
Pelham Civic Center
Birmingham Legion FC
Birmingham
Soccer
USL Championship
PNC Field
Birmingham Barons
Birmingham
Baseball
Southern League (Double-A)
Regions Field
Birmingham Stallions
Birmingham
Football
United Football League
Protective Stadium
Huntsville Havoc
Huntsville
Ice hockey
Southern Professional Hockey League
Von Braun Center
Montgomery Biscuits
Montgomery
Baseball
Southern League (Double-A)
Montgomery Riverwalk Stadium
Rocket City Trash Pandas
Madison
Baseball
Southern League (Double-A)
Toyota Field
Tennessee Valley Tigers
Huntsville
Football
Independent Women's Football League
Milton Frank Stadium
Alabama Water ports, from north to south · Transportation › Ports
Port of Florence
Port of Florence
Port name
Port of Florence
Location
Florence/Muscle Shoals, on Pickwick Lake
Connected to
Tennessee River
Port of Decatur
Port of Decatur
Port name
Port of Decatur
Location
Decatur, on Wheeler Lake
Connected to
Tennessee River
Port of Demopolis
Port of Demopolis
Port name
Port of Demopolis
Location
Demopolis, on Tombigbee River
Connected to
Tennessee–Tombigbee Waterway
Port of Guntersville
Port of Guntersville
Port name
Port of Guntersville
Location
Guntersville, on Lake Guntersville
Connected to
Tennessee River
Port of Birmingham
Port of Birmingham
Port name
Port of Birmingham
Location
Birmingham, on Black Warrior River
Connected to
Tennessee–Tombigbee Waterway
Port of Tuscaloosa
Port of Tuscaloosa
Port name
Port of Tuscaloosa
Location
Tuscaloosa, on Black Warrior River
Connected to
Tennessee–Tombigbee Waterway
Port of Montgomery
Port of Montgomery
Port name
Port of Montgomery
Location
Montgomery, on Woodruff Lake
Connected to
Alabama River
Port of Mobile
Port of Mobile
Port name
Port of Mobile
Location
Mobile, on Mobile Bay
Connected to
Gulf of Mexico
Port name
Location
Connected to
Port of Florence
Florence/Muscle Shoals, on Pickwick Lake
Tennessee River
Port of Decatur
Decatur, on Wheeler Lake
Tennessee River
Port of Demopolis
Demopolis, on Tombigbee River
Tennessee–Tombigbee Waterway
Port of Guntersville
Guntersville, on Lake Guntersville
Tennessee River
Port of Birmingham
Birmingham, on Black Warrior River
Tennessee–Tombigbee Waterway
Port of Tuscaloosa
Tuscaloosa, on Black Warrior River
Tennessee–Tombigbee Waterway
Port of Montgomery
Montgomery, on Woodruff Lake
Alabama River
Port of Mobile
Mobile, on Mobile Bay
Gulf of Mexico
· External links
Preceded byIllinois
List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union Admitted on December 14, 1819 (22nd)
Succeeded byMaine

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