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Air India Flight 182

Updated: Wikipedia source

Air India Flight 182

Air India Flight 182 was a scheduled international flight from Toronto Pearson International Airport (as Air India Flight 181) to Sahar International Airport with regular Mirabel-London-Delhi stops. On the morning of June 23, 1985, the Boeing 747-237B serving the route exploded near the coast of Ireland from a bomb planted by Sikh terrorists. All 329 people on board were killed including 268 Canadian citizens, 27 British citizens, and 22 Indian citizens. The bombing of Air India Flight 182 is the worst terrorist attack in Canadian history and was the world's deadliest act of aviation terrorism until the September 11 attacks in 2001. It remains the deadliest aviation incident in the history of Air India, and the deadliest hull loss of a Boeing 747, without survivors. The perpetrators are believed to be Inderjit Singh Reyat, a dual British-Canadian national, who pleaded guilty in 2003, and Talwinder Singh Parmar, separatist leader, who was one of the key individuals associated with the a Khalistani separatist group, Babbar Khalsa. The plot included a second bomb, intended to commit mass murder of the occupants of Air India Flight 301, but instead killed two baggage handlers at Tokyo's Narita International Airport when the bomb suitcase was being transferred from the original Canadian airplane to the Air India 747; fragments from this bomb proved Reyat's involvement. The two bombs had started their journey when checked onto a pair of Canadian Pacific Air Lines flights from Vancouver International Airport, one headed to Tokyo – for connection with Air India Flight 301, and one to Montreal – for connection with Air India Flight 182. The plan's execution had transnational consequences and involved citizens and governments from five nation states. Babbar Khalsa, was implicated but not confirmed to be responsible for the bombing. Although a handful of people were arrested and tried for the Air India bombing, the only person convicted was Inderjit Singh Reyat, who pleaded guilty in 2003 to manslaughter. He was sentenced to fifteen years in prison for assembling the bombs that exploded on board Air India Flight 182 and at Narita. The subsequent investigation and prosecution lasted almost twenty years. This was the most expensive trial in Canadian history, costing nearly C$130 million. The two accused, Ripudaman Singh Malik and Ajaib Singh Bagri, were both found not guilty. The Governor General-in-Council in 2006 appointed the former Supreme Court Justice John C. Major to conduct a commission of inquiry into the failure to prevent the terrorist acts, compounded by the failure to achieve convictions of any perpetrators beyond the bomb maker. His report, which was completed and released on 17 June 2010, concluded that a "cascading series of errors" by the Government of Canada, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP), and the Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS) had allowed the militant attack to take place.

Infobox

Date
23 June 1985 (1985-06-23)
Summary
In-flight breakup due to terrorist bombing by the Babbar Khalsa
Site
Atlantic Ocean,190 km (120 mi) WSW of Waterville, Ireland 51°4′N 12°49′W / 51.067°N 12.817°W / 51.067; -12.817
Aircraft type
Boeing 747-237B
Aircraft name
Emperor Kanishka
Operator
Air India
IATA flight No.
AI182
ICAO flight No.
AIC182
Call sign
AIRINDIA 182
Registration
VT-EFO
Flight origin
Toronto Pearson International Airport, Toronto, Canada (as Flight 181)
1st stopover
Montréal–Mirabel International Airport, Mirabel, Quebec, Canada
2nd stopover
London Heathrow Airport, London, United Kingdom
3rd stopover
Palam International Airport, Delhi, India
Destination
Sahar International Airport, Bombay, India
Occupants
329
Passengers
307
Crew
22
Fatalities
329
Survivors
0

Tables

· Recovery of wreckage and bodies › Victims
Canada
Canada
Nationality
Canada
Passengers
268
Crew
—
Total
268
United Kingdom
United Kingdom
Nationality
United Kingdom
Passengers
27
Crew
—
Total
27
India
India
Nationality
India
Passengers
—
Crew
22
Total
22
United States
United States
Nationality
United States
Passengers
10
Crew
—
Total
10
Undetermined
Undetermined
Nationality
Undetermined
Passengers
2
Crew
—
Total
2
Total
Total
Nationality
Total
Passengers
307
Crew
22
Total
329
Nationality
Passengers
Crew
Total
Canada
268
—
268
United Kingdom
27
—
27
India
—
22
22
United States
10
—
10
Undetermined
2
—
2
Total
307
22
329

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