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Aida

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Aida

Aida (or Aïda, Italian: [aˈiːda]) is a tragic opera in four acts by Giuseppe Verdi to an Italian libretto by Antonio Ghislanzoni. Set in the Old Kingdom of Egypt, it was commissioned by Cairo's Khedivial Opera House and had its première there on 24 December 1871, in a performance conducted by Giovanni Bottesini. Today the work holds a central place in the operatic canon, receiving performances every year around the world. At New York's Metropolitan Opera alone, Aida has been sung more than 1,100 times since 1886. Ghislanzoni's scheme follows a scenario often attributed to the French Egyptologist Auguste Mariette, but Verdi biographer Mary Jane Phillips-Matz argues that the source is actually Temistocle Solera.

Infobox

Librettist
Antonio Ghislanzoni
Language
Italian
Premiere
24 December 1871 (1871-12-24)Khedivial Opera House in Cairo

Tables

mw- Roles, voice types, premier cast · Roles
Aida, an Ethiopian princess
Aida, an Ethiopian princess
Role
Aida, an Ethiopian princess
Voice type
soprano
Premiere cast,24 December 1871CairoConductor: Giovanni Bottesini
Antonietta Anastasi-Pozzoni
European premiere8 February 1872La Scala, MilanConductor: Franco Faccio
Teresa Stolz
The King of Egypt
The King of Egypt
Role
The King of Egypt
Voice type
bass
Premiere cast,24 December 1871CairoConductor: Giovanni Bottesini
Tommaso Costa
European premiere8 February 1872La Scala, MilanConductor: Franco Faccio
Paride Pavoleri
Amneris, daughter of the Pharaoh
Amneris, daughter of the Pharaoh
Role
Amneris, daughter of the Pharaoh
Voice type
mezzo-soprano
Premiere cast,24 December 1871CairoConductor: Giovanni Bottesini
Eleonora Grossi
European premiere8 February 1872La Scala, MilanConductor: Franco Faccio
Maria Waldmann
Radamès, Captain of the Guard
Radamès, Captain of the Guard
Role
Radamès, Captain of the Guard
Voice type
tenor
Premiere cast,24 December 1871CairoConductor: Giovanni Bottesini
Pietro Mongini
European premiere8 February 1872La Scala, MilanConductor: Franco Faccio
Giuseppe Fancelli
Amonasro, King of Ethiopia
Amonasro, King of Ethiopia
Role
Amonasro, King of Ethiopia
Voice type
baritone
Premiere cast,24 December 1871CairoConductor: Giovanni Bottesini
Francesco Steller
European premiere8 February 1872La Scala, MilanConductor: Franco Faccio
Francesco Pandolfini
Ramfis, High Priest
Ramfis, High Priest
Role
Ramfis, High Priest
Voice type
bass
Premiere cast,24 December 1871CairoConductor: Giovanni Bottesini
Paolo Medini
European premiere8 February 1872La Scala, MilanConductor: Franco Faccio
Ormоndo Maini
A messenger
A messenger
Role
A messenger
Voice type
tenor
Premiere cast,24 December 1871CairoConductor: Giovanni Bottesini
Luigi Stecchi-Bottardi
European premiere8 February 1872La Scala, MilanConductor: Franco Faccio
Luigi Vistarini
Voice of the High Priestess
Voice of the High Priestess
Role
Voice of the High Priestess
Voice type
soprano
Premiere cast,24 December 1871CairoConductor: Giovanni Bottesini
Marietta Allievi
Priests, priestesses, ministers, captains, soldiers, officials, Ethiopians, slaves and prisoners, Egyptians, animals and chorus
Priests, priestesses, ministers, captains, soldiers, officials, Ethiopians, slaves and prisoners, Egyptians, animals and chorus
Role
Priests, priestesses, ministers, captains, soldiers, officials, Ethiopians, slaves and prisoners, Egyptians, animals and chorus
Role
Voice type
Premiere cast,24 December 1871CairoConductor: Giovanni Bottesini
European premiere8 February 1872La Scala, MilanConductor: Franco Faccio
Aida, an Ethiopian princess
soprano
Antonietta Anastasi-Pozzoni
Teresa Stolz
The King of Egypt
bass
Tommaso Costa
Paride Pavoleri
Amneris, daughter of the Pharaoh
mezzo-soprano
Eleonora Grossi
Maria Waldmann
Radamès, Captain of the Guard
tenor
Pietro Mongini
Giuseppe Fancelli
Amonasro, King of Ethiopia
baritone
Francesco Steller
Francesco Pandolfini
Ramfis, High Priest
bass
Paolo Medini
Ormоndo Maini
A messenger
tenor
Luigi Stecchi-Bottardi
Luigi Vistarini
Voice of the High Priestess
soprano
Marietta Allievi
Priests, priestesses, ministers, captains, soldiers, officials, Ethiopians, slaves and prisoners, Egyptians, animals and chorus

References

  1. metopera.org
    https://www.metopera.org/globalassets/discover/education/educator-guides/aida/aida.12-13.guide.pdf
  2. Phillips-Matz 1993, pp. 570–573.
  3. Greene 1985, p. 622.
  4. Sadie & Macy 2006, p. 9.
  5. The Path Between the Seas: The Creation of the Panama Canal 1870-1914
    https://archive.org/details/pathbetweenseas00davi
  6. Toscanini 2002, p. 366.
  7. Frank 2002, p. 55.
  8. Auguste Mariette to Paul Draneht (General Manager of the Cairo Opera House), Paris, 28 September 1871. (Translated and a
  9. The Cairo Opera House could only hold 850 spectators (Pitt & Hassan 1992, p. 682).
  10. Falstaff
    https://web.archive.org/web/20200322202127/http://questia-online-library.com/
  11. Casaglia, Gherardo (2005). "Aida performance history". L'Almanacco di Gherardo Casaglia (in Italian).
    https://almanac-gherardo-casaglia.com/index.php?Testo=Aida&Parola=Stringa
  12. Verdi's Aida: A Record of the Life of the Opera On and Off the Stage
  13. Budden 1984, p. 195.
  14. Busch 1978, p. [page needed].
  15. Phillips-Matz 1993, p. 628.
  16. Richard Macnutt (2001). "Escudier", Grove Music Online (subscription, Wikilibrary access, or UK public library membershi
    https://doi.org/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.08980
  17. Kimbell 2001, p. 983.
  18. Irvin 1985, p. [page needed].
  19. "Biography of Josephine Schefsky at theaterspielen.ch (in German)"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20120227081833/http://www.theaterspielen.ch/Besetzungsliste%20Ur76.pdf
  20. Ek Biography at operissimo.com (in German) Archived 2012-01-11 at the Wayback Machine
    http://hosting.triboni.com/triboni/exec?method=com.operissimo.artist.webDisplay&id=ffcyoieagxaaaaabbhrc&xsl=webDisplay&searchStr=Selma
  21. Loewenberg 1978, col. 1019.
  22. Wolff 1962, p. 27; Phillips-Matz 1993, pp. 652–653
  23. Tarozzi 1977, p. 36.
  24. "Interesting bits about Aida" by Jill Leahy, via Pittsburgh Opera
    https://www.pittsburghopera.org/files/file/Study%20Guide%20for%20Aida%202013.pdf
  25. Collins, Liat (4 June 2011). "Conquering Masada". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
    https://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Columnists/My-Word-Conquering-Masada
  26. OCLC 807743126; OCLC 65964014
    https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/807743126
  27. Christiansen, Rupert (9 December 2006). "Zeffirelli's triumphant Aida at La Scala". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 19 Ma
    https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1536440/Zeffirellis-triumphant-Aida-at-La-Scala.html
  28. BBC News (11 December 2006). "Booed tenor quits La Scala's Aida". Retrieved 19 May 2016.
    https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6169177.stm
  29. Day, Michael (9 October 2014). "Franco Zeffirelli takes on La Scala: Legendary opera director in battle with theatre ove
    https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/classical/news/franco-zeffirelli-takes-on-la-scala-legendary-opera-director-in-battle-with-theatre-over-sale-of-one-9826810.html
  30. Operabase. Performances during the 2008/09 to 2012/13 seasons. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
    https://operabase.com/top.cgi?lang=en#opera
  31. "Aida alla recita 14 per l'opera Festival 2018"
    http://www.veronaeconomia.it/2018/08/23/leggi-notizia/argomenti/economia-veronese/articolo/aida-alla-recita-14-per-lopera-festival-2018-giovedi-23-agosto-2018-ore-2045.html
  32. Budden 1984, p. 160.
  33. Casaglia, Gherardo (2005). "Aida, 8 February 1872". L'Almanacco di Gherardo Casaglia (in Italian).
    https://almanac-gherardo-casaglia.com/index.php?Giorno=08&Mese=02&Anno=1872&Testo=Aida&Parola=Stringa
  34. The High Priestess's name was Termuthis in early documentation.
  35. The music of Aida, Utah Opera, 7 March 2016
    https://utahopera.org/explore/2016/03/the-music-of-aida/
  36. "Aida and Ancient Egyptian History on the Met Opera website"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20030503145932/http://archive.operainfo.org/broadcast/operaBackground.cgi?id=33&language=1
  37. Weisgall 1999.
  38. The original draft included a speech by Aida (excised from the final version) that explained her presence beneath the Te
  39. ​My Darlin' Aida​ at the Internet Broadway Database
    https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-production/2348
  40. Financial Times
    https://www.ft.com/content/4e9f1f5d-ecb2-473c-be55-92268b959aac
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