Afrikaners
Updated: 12/11/2025, 10:25:45 AM Wikipedia source
Afrikaners (Afrikaans: [afriˈkɑːnərs]) are a Southern African ethnic group descended from predominantly Dutch settlers who first arrived at the Cape of Good Hope in 1652. Until 1994, they dominated South Africa's politics as well as the country's commercial and agricultural sector. Afrikaans, a language which evolved from the Dutch dialect of South Holland, is the mother tongue of Afrikaners and most Cape Coloureds. According to the South African National Census of 2022, 10.6% of South Africans claimed to speak Afrikaans as a first language at home, making it the country's third-largest home language after Zulu and Xhosa. The arrival of Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama at Calicut, India, in 1498 opened a gateway of free access to Asia from Western Europe around the Cape of Good Hope. This access necessitated the founding and safeguarding of trade stations along the African and Asian coasts. The Portuguese landed in Mossel Bay in 1488, explored Table Bay two years later, and by 1510 had started raiding inland. Shortly afterwards, the Dutch Republic sent merchant vessels to India and, in 1602, founded the Dutch East India Company (Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie; VOC). As the volume of traffic rounding the Cape increased, the VOC recognised its natural harbour as an ideal watering point for the long voyage around Africa to East Asia and established a victualling station there in 1652. VOC officials did not favour the permanent settlement of Europeans in their trading empire, although during the 140 years of Dutch rule many VOC servants retired or were discharged and remained as private citizens. Furthermore, the exigencies of supplying local garrisons and passing fleets compelled the administration to confer free status on employees and oblige them to become independent farmers. Encouraged by the success of this experiment, the company extended free passage from 1685 to 1707 for Dutch families wishing to settle at the Cape. In 1688, it sponsored the settlement of 200 French Huguenot refugees forced into exile by the Edict of Fontainebleau. The terms under which the Huguenots agreed to immigrate were the same as those offered to other VOC subjects, including free passage and the requisite farm equipment on credit. Prior attempts at cultivating vineyards or exploiting olive groves for fruit had been unsuccessful, and it was hoped that Huguenot colonists accustomed to Mediterranean agriculture could succeed where the Dutch had failed. They were augmented by VOC soldiers returning from Asia, predominantly Germans channelled into Amsterdam by the company's extensive recruitment network and thence overseas. Despite their diverse nationalities, the colonists used a common language and adopted similar attitudes towards politics. The attributes they shared served as a basis for the evolution of Afrikaner identity and consciousness. In the twentieth century, Afrikaner nationalism took the form of political parties and closed societies, such as the Broederbond. In 1914, the National Party was founded to promote Afrikaner interests. It gained power by winning South Africa's 1948 general elections. The party was noted for implementing a harsh policy of racial segregation (apartheid) and declaring South Africa a republic in 1961. Following decades of domestic unrest and international sanctions that resulted in bilateral and multi-party negotiations to end apartheid, South Africa held its first multiracial elections under a universal franchise in 1994. As a result of this election the National Party was ousted from power, and was eventually dissolved in 2005.
Infobox
South Africa
2,710,461 (2011)
Namibia
92,400 (2003)
Zambia
≈41,000 (2006)[a]
United Kingdom
≈40,000 (2006)[a]
Botswana
≈20,000 (2010)
Eswatini
≈13,000 (2006)[a]
Australia
5,079 (2011)[b]
New Zealand
1,197 (2013)[c]
Argentina
650 (2019)
Zimbabwe
13,000 (2019)
Tables
White population in the Dutch Cape Colony, 1691[8] · Population › 1691 estimates
Dutch
Dutch
Ancestry
Dutch
Percentage
66.67%
French
French
Ancestry
French
Percentage
16.67%
German
German
Ancestry
German
Percentage
14.29%
Scandinavian, Belgian
Scandinavian, Belgian
Ancestry
Scandinavian, Belgian
Percentage
2.37%
Note – Figures do not include expatriate soldiers, sailors, or servants of the company.
Note – Figures do not include expatriate soldiers, sailors, or servants of the company.
Ancestry
Note – Figures do not include expatriate soldiers, sailors, or servants of the company.
| Ancestry | Percentage |
| Dutch | 66.67% |
| French | 16.67% |
| German | 14.29% |
| Scandinavian, Belgian | 2.37% |
| Note – Figures do not include expatriate soldiers, sailors, or servants of the company. | |
White population in the British Cape Colony, 1806[45] · Population › 1806 estimates
Dutch
Dutch
Ancestry
Dutch
Percentage
50.0%
German
German
Ancestry
German
Percentage
27.0%
French
French
Ancestry
French
Percentage
17.0%
Scandinavian, Belgian, other
Scandinavian, Belgian, other
Ancestry
Scandinavian, Belgian, other
Percentage
5.5%
Note – Figures do not include expatriate soldiers or officials from other British possessions.
Note – Figures do not include expatriate soldiers or officials from other British possessions.
Ancestry
Note – Figures do not include expatriate soldiers or officials from other British possessions.
| Ancestry | Percentage |
| Dutch | 50.0% |
| German | 27.0% |
| French | 17.0% |
| Scandinavian, Belgian, other | 5.5% |
| Note – Figures do not include expatriate soldiers or officials from other British possessions. | |
Home language of people of European origin in 1936[39] · Population › 1936 Census
Afrikaans
Afrikaans
Language
Afrikaans
Cape of Good Hope
461,356
Natal
38,301
Transvaal
452,252
Orange Free State
168,861
Union of South Africa (total)
1,120,770
Percentage of total
55.93%
English
English
Language
English
Cape of Good Hope
297,077
Natal
141,550
Transvaal
318,090
Orange Free State
26,354
Union of South Africa (total)
783,071
Percentage of total
39.08%
Afrikaans & English
Afrikaans & English
Language
Afrikaans & English
Cape of Good Hope
19,698
Natal
3,727
Transvaal
23,192
Orange Free State
3,794
Union of South Africa (total)
50,411
Percentage of total
2.52%
German
German
Language
German
Cape of Good Hope
6,048
Natal
4,792
Transvaal
6,470
Orange Free State
500
Union of South Africa (total)
17,810
Percentage of total
0.89%
Yiddish
Yiddish
Language
Yiddish
Cape of Good Hope
4,745
Natal
299
Transvaal
11,528
Orange Free State
1,112
Union of South Africa (total)
17,684
Percentage of total
0.88%
Dutch
Dutch
Language
Dutch
Cape of Good Hope
826
Natal
175
Transvaal
2,740
Orange Free State
167
Union of South Africa (total)
3,908
Percentage of total
0.19%
Greek
Greek
Language
Greek
Cape of Good Hope
299
Natal
98
Transvaal
1,435
Orange Free State
86
Union of South Africa (total)
1,918
Percentage of total
0.1%
Portuguese
Portuguese
Language
Portuguese
Cape of Good Hope
158
Natal
67
Transvaal
1,510
Orange Free State
8
Union of South Africa (total)
1,743
Percentage of total
0.09%
Italian
Italian
Language
Italian
Cape of Good Hope
383
Natal
114
Transvaal
1,175
Orange Free State
7
Union of South Africa (total)
1,679
Percentage of total
0.08%
French
French
Language
French
Cape of Good Hope
189
Natal
815
Transvaal
423
Orange Free State
18
Union of South Africa (total)
1,445
Percentage of total
0.07%
Other
Other
Language
Other
Cape of Good Hope
578
Natal
548
Transvaal
1600
Orange Free State
47
Union of South Africa (total)
2,773
Percentage of total
0.14%
Unspecified
Unspecified
Language
Unspecified
Cape of Good Hope
217
Natal
63
Transvaal
341
Orange Free State
24
Union of South Africa (total)
645
Percentage of total
0.03%
| Language | Cape of Good Hope | Natal | Transvaal | Orange Free State | Union of South Africa (total) | Percentage of total |
| Afrikaans | 461,356 | 38,301 | 452,252 | 168,861 | 1,120,770 | 55.93% |
| English | 297,077 | 141,550 | 318,090 | 26,354 | 783,071 | 39.08% |
| Afrikaans & English | 19,698 | 3,727 | 23,192 | 3,794 | 50,411 | 2.52% |
| German | 6,048 | 4,792 | 6,470 | 500 | 17,810 | 0.89% |
| Yiddish | 4,745 | 299 | 11,528 | 1,112 | 17,684 | 0.88% |
| Dutch | 826 | 175 | 2,740 | 167 | 3,908 | 0.19% |
| Greek | 299 | 98 | 1,435 | 86 | 1,918 | 0.1% |
| Portuguese | 158 | 67 | 1,510 | 8 | 1,743 | 0.09% |
| Italian | 383 | 114 | 1,175 | 7 | 1,679 | 0.08% |
| French | 189 | 815 | 423 | 18 | 1,445 | 0.07% |
| Other | 578 | 548 | 1600 | 47 | 2,773 | 0.14% |
| Unspecified | 217 | 63 | 341 | 24 | 645 | 0.03% |
Percentage of Afrikaners among white South Africans by province[47] · Population › 2001 Census › Distribution
Eastern Cape
Eastern Cape
Province
Eastern Cape
Afrikaners
149,395
% Afrikaners
48.8%
All whites
305,839
Free State
Free State
Province
Free State
Afrikaners
214,020
% Afrikaners
89.6%
All whites
238,789
Gauteng
Gauteng
Province
Gauteng
Afrikaners
984,472
% Afrikaners
56.7%
All whites
1,735,094
KwaZulu-Natal
KwaZulu-Natal
Province
KwaZulu-Natal
Afrikaners
115,721
% Afrikaners
24.0%
All whites
482,114
Limpopo
Limpopo
Province
Limpopo
Afrikaners
115,921
% Afrikaners
87.5%
All whites
132,421
Mpumalanga
Mpumalanga
Province
Mpumalanga
Afrikaners
164,620
% Afrikaners
83.5%
All whites
197,078
North West
North West
Province
North West
Afrikaners
237,598
% Afrikaners
89.0%
All whites
266,884
Northern Cape
Northern Cape
Province
Northern Cape
Afrikaners
93,637
% Afrikaners
91.3%
All whites
102,518
Western Cape
Western Cape
Province
Western Cape
Afrikaners
461,522
% Afrikaners
55.4%
All whites
832,899
Total
Total
Province
Total
Afrikaners
2,536,906
% Afrikaners
59.1%
All whites
4,293,636
| Province | Afrikaners | % Afrikaners | All whites |
| Eastern Cape | 149,395 | 48.8% | 305,839 |
| Free State | 214,020 | 89.6% | 238,789 |
| Gauteng | 984,472 | 56.7% | 1,735,094 |
| KwaZulu-Natal | 115,721 | 24.0% | 482,114 |
| Limpopo | 115,921 | 87.5% | 132,421 |
| Mpumalanga | 164,620 | 83.5% | 197,078 |
| North West | 237,598 | 89.0% | 266,884 |
| Northern Cape | 93,637 | 91.3% | 102,518 |
| Western Cape | 461,522 | 55.4% | 832,899 |
| Total | 2,536,906 | 59.1% | 4,293,636 |
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- The Guardianhttps://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/may/09/us-grants-asylum-to-54-white-afrikaner-south-africans
- "White South Africans leave for US under Trump refugee plan"https://www.dw.com/en/white-south-africans-leave-for-us-under-trump-refugee-plan/a-72511336
- "First white South Africans arrive in US as Trump claims they face discrimination"https://www.reuters.com/world/first-white-south-africans-fly-us-under-trump-refugee-plan-2025-05-12/
- "Episcopal Church refuses to resettle white Afrikaners, citing moral opposition"https://www.npr.org/2025/05/12/g-s1-65988/episcopal-church-white-afrikaners-ends-partnership-u-s-government
- "Language, England and Wales: Census 2021"https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/culturalidentity/language/bulletins/languageenglandandwales/census2021
- The Christian Science Monitorhttps://www.csmonitor.com/World/Africa/2010/0517/White-South-Africans-use-Facebook-in-campaign-to-return-to-Holland
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- Barneveldse Kranthttps://www.barneveldsekrant.nl/lokaal/economie/668165/-barneveld-is-het-nieuwe-bloemfontein-#closemodal
- Facebookhttps://www.facebook.com/groups/207093386145129/
- Facebookhttps://www.facebook.com/groups/suidafrikanersinnederland
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- The Washington Posthttps://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/why-russia-is-wooing-south-africas-white-farmers/2018/09/23/3308a7c4-b6a3-11e8-ae4f-2c1439c96d79_story.html
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- "M-Net — Mk"https://web.archive.org/web/20110327165316/http://beta.mnet.co.za/mk/
- Afrikaners in the Afrikaans Wikipediahttps://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrikaners
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- Afrikaner Independence (1): Interview With Freedom Front General-Secretary Col. Piet Uys Global Politician. 24 May 2005http://www.globalpolitician.com/2764-south-africa
- Politicswebhttps://www.politicsweb.co.za/news-and-analysis/the-anc-and-the-afrikaners
- www.beeld.comhttps://web.archive.org/web/20121029113049/http://www.beeld.com/Stem
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- News24https://www.news24.com/elections/voices/how-the-freedom-front-plus-ate-some-of-the-das-lunch-20190511
- The Daily Maverickhttps://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2019-05-14-white-anxiety-and-the-rise-of-the-freedom-front-plus/
- The South Africanhttps://www.thesouthafrican.com/news/schweizer-reneke-by-election-results-da-ff-plus-support/