| No. | Result | Record | Opponent | Type | Round, time | Date | Location | Notes |
| 42 | Loss | 35–5–1 (1) | Blair Cobbs | UD | 10 | Jun 7, 2024 | Hard Rock Hotel & Casino, Hollywood, Florida, U.S. | |
| 41 | Win | 35–4–1 (1) | Bill Hutchinson | UD | 10 | Jun 9, 2023 | Casino Miami Jai Alai, Miami, U.S. | |
| 40 | Win | 34–4–1 (1) | Jovanie Santiago | UD | 12 | Feb 20, 2021 | Mohegan Sun Arena, Montville, Connecticut, U.S. | |
| 39 | Loss | 33–4–1 (1) | Manny Pacquiao | UD | 12 | Jan 19, 2019 | MGM Grand Garden Arena, Paradise, Nevada, U.S. | For WBA (Regular) welterweight title |
| 38 | Draw | 33–3–1 (1) | Jessie Vargas | MD | 12 | Apr 21, 2018 | Barclays Center, New York City, New York, U.S. | |
| 37 | Loss | 33–3 (1) | Mikey Garcia | UD | 12 | Jul 29, 2017 | Barclays Center, New York City, New York, U.S. | |
| 36 | Win | 33–2 (1) | Adrían Granados | SD | 10 | Feb 18, 2017 | Cintas Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S. | |
| 35 | Win | 32–2 (1) | Ashley Theophane | TKO | 9 (12), 1:10 | Apr 1, 2016 | Armory, Washington, D.C., U.S. | WBA super lightweight title at stake only for Theophane after Broner missed weight |
| 34 | Win | 31–2 (1) | Khabib Allakhverdiev | TKO | 12 (12), 2:23 | Oct 3, 2015 | Bank Arena, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S. | Won vacant WBA super lightweight title |
| 33 | Loss | 30–2 (1) | Shawn Porter | UD | 12 | Jun 20, 2015 | MGM Grand Garden Arena, Paradise, Nevada, U.S. | |
| 32 | Win | 30–1 (1) | John Molina Jr. | UD | 12 | Mar 7, 2015 | MGM Grand Garden Arena, Paradise, Nevada, U.S. | |
| 31 | Win | 29–1 (1) | Emanuel Taylor | UD | 12 | Sep 6, 2014 | Bank Arena, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S. | Retained WBA International super lightweight title |
| 30 | Win | 28–1 (1) | Carlos Molina | UD | 10 | May 3, 2014 | MGM Grand Garden Arena, Paradise, Nevada, U.S. | Won vacant WBA International super lightweight title |
| 29 | Loss | 27–1 (1) | Marcos Maidana | UD | 12 | Dec 14, 2013 | Alamodome, San Antonio, Texas, U.S. | Lost WBA welterweight title |
| 28 | Win | 27–0 (1) | Paulie Malignaggi | SD | 12 | Jun 22, 2013 | Barclays Center, New York City, New York, U.S. | Won WBA welterweight title |
| 27 | Win | 26–0 (1) | Gavin Rees | TKO | 5 (12), 2:59 | Feb 16, 2013 | Boardwalk Hall, Atlantic City, New Jersey, U.S. | Retained WBC lightweight title |
| 26 | Win | 25–0 (1) | Antonio DeMarco | TKO | 8 (12), 1:49 | Nov 17, 2012 | Boardwalk Hall, Atlantic City, New Jersey, U.S. | Won WBC lightweight title |
| 25 | Win | 24–0 (1) | Vicente Escobedo | TKO | 5 (12), 2:42 | Jul 21, 2012 | Bank Arena, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S. | WBO super featherweight title at stake only for Escobedo after Broner missed weight |
| 24 | Win | 23–0 (1) | Eloy Pérez | KO | 4 (12), 2:44 | Feb 25, 2012 | Scottrade Center, St. Louis, Missouri, U.S. | Retained WBO super featherweight title |
| 23 | Win | 22–0 (1) | Vicente Martín Rodríguez | KO | 3 (12), 1:43 | Nov 26, 2011 | Bank Arena, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S. | Won vacant WBO super featherweight title |
| 22 | Win | 21–0 (1) | Jason Litzau | TKO | 1 (10), 2:58 | Jun 18, 2011 | Arena VFG, Guadalajara, Mexico | Won vacant WBC–USNBC super featherweight title |
| 21 | Win | 20–0 (1) | Daniel Ponce de León | UD | 10 | Mar 5, 2011 | Honda Center, Anaheim, California, U.S. | Won vacant WBO Inter-Continental super featherweight title |
| 20 | Win | 19–0 (1) | John Revish | RTD | 1 (8), 3:00 | Jan 15, 2011 | Taft Theatre, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S. | Won vacant WBC–USNBC lightweight title |
| 19 | Win | 18–0 (1) | Ilido Julio | TKO | 1 (8), 1:34 | Nov 6, 2010 | Prudential Center, Newark, New Jersey, U.S. | |
| 18 | Win | 17–0 (1) | Guillermo Sanchez | TKO | 2 (10), 1:48 | Sep 4, 2010 | Hamilton County Fair, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S. | |
| 17 | Win | 16–0 (1) | Carlos Claudio | RTD | 6 (10), 3:00 | Jun 19, 2010 | Taft Theatre, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S. | Won vacant WBC Youth Intercontinental super featherweight title |
| 16 | Win | 15–0 (1) | Rafael Lora | TKO | 1 (10), 3:00 | May 14, 2010 | Paradise Theater, New York City, New York, U.S. | |
| 15 | Win | 14–0 (1) | Roberto Acevedo | TKO | 4 (6), 0:14 | Jan 23, 2010 | Hyatt Regency, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S. | |
| 14 | Win | 13–0 (1) | Tommy Atencio | TKO | 1 (6), 2:58 | Nov 28, 2009 | Duke Energy Convention Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S. | |
| 13 | Win | 12–0 (1) | Henry White Jr. | KO | 3 (6), 3:00 | Sep 5, 2009 | Hamilton County Fair, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S. | |
| 12 | Win | 11–0 (1) | Edgar Portillo | TKO | 1 (10), 1:37 | Aug 22, 2009 | Toyota Center, Houston, Texas, U.S. | |
| 11 | Win | 10–0 (1) | William Kickett | KO | 6 (8), 2:58 | Jun 27, 2009 | Staples Center, Los Angeles, California, U.S. | |
| 10 | Win | 9–0 (1) | Fernando Quintero | MD | 8 | May 8, 2009 | Sundance Square, Fort Worth, Texas, U.S. | |
| 9 | Win | 8–0 (1) | Angel Rodriguez | TKO | 4 (6), 0:23 | Apr 4, 2009 | Frank Erwin Center, Austin, Texas, U.S. | |
| 8 | Win | 7–0 (1) | Eric Ricker | UD | 6 | Mar 14, 2009 | Duke Energy Convention Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S. | |
| 7 | Win | 6–0 (1) | Luis Alfredo Lugo | UD | 6 | Jan 24, 2009 | Duke Energy Convention Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S. | |
| 6 | NC | 5–0 (1) | Eric Ricker | DQ | 2 (4), 1:18 | Dec 27, 2008 | Staples Center, Los Angeles, California, U.S. | Originally a DQ win for Ricker after Broner pushed him out of the ring, later ruled a NC |
| 5 | Win | 5–0 | Scott Furney | TKO | 1 (6), 1:14 | Dec 6, 2008 | MGM Grand Garden Arena, Paradise, Nevada, U.S. | |
| 4 | Win | 4–0 | Terrance Jett | TKO | 6 (6), 0:33 | Nov 22, 2008 | MGM Grand Garden Arena, Paradise, Nevada, U.S. | |
| 3 | Win | 3–0 | Ramon Flores | TKO | 1 (4), 2:11 | Sep 27, 2008 | Home Depot Center, Carson, California, U.S. | |
| 2 | Win | 2–0 | David Warren Huffman | TKO | 1 (4), 1:20 | Aug 30, 2008 | Cincinnati Gardens, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S. | |
| 1 | Win | 1–0 | Allante Davis | KO | 1 (4), 0:32 | May 31, 2008 | Hyatt Regency, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S. | |