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Act of Accord

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Act of Accord

The Act of Accord (39 Hen. 6) was an act of the Parliament of England. It was passed into law on 25 October 1460 during a period of intense political division and partisanship at the top of government. Earlier that month, Richard, Duke of York had entered the Council Chamber—in the presence of several lords—and laid his hand on the empty throne, claiming the crown of England. His grounds were that he and King Henry VI were both direct descendants of Edward III, but York possessed two claims, through both the male and female lines, and Henry's was through only one. Following discussions between royal justices, York and Parliament, the House of Lords decided that Henry was to retain the crown for life, but York and his heirs were to succeed him. This automatically removed Henry's son, Edward, Prince of Wales, from the succession. Henry agreed to the compromise, which became the Act of Accord. Political partisanship had already erupted into civil war the year before and, far from lowering political pressure, the act split the nobility further. Although Henry had publicly supported the act, Queen Margaret of Anjou refused to accept the disinheritance of their son. In this, she was joined by the majority of the English nobility, who also opposed York. King Henry, nominally the head of state, was still in London, which was controlled by the Yorkist government. Margaret, on the other hand, was in the north with her son, raising an army. This began the systematic destruction of York's and the Nevilles' Yorkshire estates. York led an army to challenge her but was killed at the Battle of Wakefield on 30 December. The Lancastrians, in turn, were defeated three months later at the Battle of Towton by York's son, who was crowned King Edward IV on 28 June 1461.

Infobox

Citation
39 Hen. 6
Territorial extent
England
Royal assent
25 October 1460
Commencement
31 October 1460

Tables

· Background › York's claim to the throne
Red
Red
Colour chart
Red
Colour chart
Lancastrian claim through third son, male line
Blue
Blue
Colour chart
Blue
Colour chart
York's claim through second son, female line
Purple
Purple
Colour chart
Purple
Colour chart
York's claim through fourth son, male line
Black
Black
Colour chart
Black
Colour chart
No 15th-century dynastic role
Colour chart
Red
Lancastrian claim through third son, male line
Blue
York's claim through second son, female line
Purple
York's claim through fourth son, male line
Black
No 15th-century dynastic role

References

  1. The precise nature of Henry's illness is unknown, but Griffiths describes it as "a severe mental collapse, accompanied b
  2. Professor Roskell notes that Gloucester and Bedford had been Henry V's closest male relatives, but this did not apply to
  3. The labels "York and Lancaster" oversimplify the complex networks of loyalties and connections by which the English nobi
  4. Boardman suggests much of the King's force were men from his "stables, mews, kitchen and pantry, along with the 'above'–
  5. As Admiral of the Seas, Warwick had the Calais navy at his disposal, with which he sailed to Ireland on a "great journey
  6. The early 15th-century chronicler Thomas Walsingham described how, at Richard II's coronation, the new king's "sword was
  7. Meaning the refectory.
  8. Transcribes as, generally: .mw- .mw- }At which parliament, the commons of the realm being assembled in the common house,
  9. Rumours had been spread by Warwick, as part of Yorkist propaganda, from almost the moment of Edward's birth, that he was
  10. March was to receive 3,500 marks and Rutland 1,500 marks.
  11. It is probable that from this grant stems the erroneous supposition that York was also granted these royal titles.
  12. Other similar descriptions of Towton from historians are as "Britain's bloodiest day in a long history of sanguinary con
  13. Griffiths 1981, p. 638.
  14. Johnson 1988, p. 98.
  15. Hicks 2010, p. 95.
  16. Griffiths 1981, p. 740.
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  75. Griffiths 1981, p. 868.
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  80. Brie 1906, p. 530.
  81. M. E. D. 2024.
  82. Murray 1970, p. 155.
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  94. Leitch 2015, p. 21.
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  121. Ross 1975, p. 42.
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