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ASEAN Summit

Updated: Wikipedia source

ASEAN Summit

The ASEAN Summit is a biannual meeting held by the members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in relation to economic, political, security, and socio-cultural development of Southeast Asian countries. In addition, it serves as a prominent regional (Asia) and international (worldwide) conference, with world leaders attending its related summits and meetings to discuss various problems and global issues, strengthening co-operation, and making decisions. The summit has been praised by world leaders for its success and ability to produce results on a global level. The league of ASEAN is currently connected with other countries who aim to participate on the missions and visions of the league. The league conducts annual meetings with other countries in an organisation collectively known as the ASEAN dialogue partners. ASEAN +3 adds China, Japan, and South Korea. The formal summits are held in three days. The usual itinerary are as follows:

ASEAN leaders hold an internal organisation meeting. ASEAN leaders hold a conference together with foreign ministers of the ASEAN Regional Forum. Leaders of three ASEAN Dialogue Partners (also known as ASEAN +3), namely China, Japan, and South Korea, hold a meeting with the ASEAN leaders. And a separate meeting is set for leaders of two ASEAN Dialogue Partners (also known as ASEAN +CER), namely Australia and New Zealand.

Infobox

Status
Active
Genre
Diplomatic conference
Frequency
Biannual
Years active
49
Inaugurated
23 February 1976 (1976-02-23)
Most recent
26 October 2025

Tables

· ASEAN Summit
Member state
Member state
ASEAN Summit
Member state
ASEAN Summit
Representative
ASEAN Summit
Member state
ASEAN Summit
Representative
ASEAN Summit
Member state
ASEAN Summit
Representative
–Republic of Indonesia–Member since 20 October 2024
–Republic of Indonesia–Member since 20 October 2024
ASEAN Summit
–Republic of Indonesia–Member since 20 October 2024
ASEAN Summit
PresidentPrabowo Subianto(Gerindra)
ASEAN Summit
–Lao People's Democratic Republic–Member since 30 December 2022
ASEAN Summit
Prime MinisterSonexay Siphandone(LPRP)
ASEAN Summit
–Malaysia–Member since 24 November 2022
ASEAN Summit
Prime MinisterAnwar Ibrahim(PH-PKR)
–Republic of the Union of Myanmar–Member since 2 February 2021
–Republic of the Union of Myanmar–Member since 2 February 2021
ASEAN Summit
–Republic of the Union of Myanmar–Member since 2 February 2021
ASEAN Summit
Pro Tem President(On Duty)Min Aung Hlaing(Military)
ASEAN Summit
–Republic of the Philippines–Member since 30 June 2022
ASEAN Summit
President Bongbong Marcos(PFP)
ASEAN Summit
–Republic of Singapore–Member since 15 May 2024
ASEAN Summit
Prime MinisterLawrence Wong(PAP)
–Kingdom of Thailand–Member since 7 September 2025
–Kingdom of Thailand–Member since 7 September 2025
ASEAN Summit
–Kingdom of Thailand–Member since 7 September 2025
ASEAN Summit
Prime MinisterAnutin Charnvirakul(BJT)
ASEAN Summit
–Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste–Member since 26 October 2025
ASEAN Summit
Prime MinisterXanana Gusmão(CNRT)
ASEAN Summit
–Socialist Republic of Vietnam–Member since 5 April 2021
ASEAN Summit
Prime MinisterPhạm Minh Chính(CPV)
ASEAN Summit
Member state
Representative
Member state
Representative
Member state
Representative
– Association ofSoutheast Asian Nations–Member since 9 January 2023–
Secretary-GeneralKao Kim Hourn( Cambodia)
–Nation of Brunei,the Abode of Peace–Member since 7 January 1984
SultanHassanal Bolkiah(House of Bolkiah)
–Kingdom of Cambodia–Member since 22 August 2023
Prime MinisterHun Manet (CPP)
–Republic of Indonesia–Member since 20 October 2024
PresidentPrabowo Subianto(Gerindra)
–Lao People's Democratic Republic–Member since 30 December 2022
Prime MinisterSonexay Siphandone(LPRP)
–Malaysia–Member since 24 November 2022
Prime MinisterAnwar Ibrahim(PH-PKR)
–Republic of the Union of Myanmar–Member since 2 February 2021
Pro Tem President(On Duty)Min Aung Hlaing(Military)
–Republic of the Philippines–Member since 30 June 2022
President Bongbong Marcos(PFP)
–Republic of Singapore–Member since 15 May 2024
Prime MinisterLawrence Wong(PAP)
–Kingdom of Thailand–Member since 7 September 2025
Prime MinisterAnutin Charnvirakul(BJT)
–Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste–Member since 26 October 2025
Prime MinisterXanana Gusmão(CNRT)
–Socialist Republic of Vietnam–Member since 5 April 2021
Prime MinisterPhạm Minh Chính(CPV)
ASEAN Formal Summits · ASEAN Summit Meetings
1st
1st
No.
1st
Date
23–24 February 1976
Host country
Indonesia
Host cities
Bali
Host leader
President Soeharto
2nd
2nd
No.
2nd
Date
4–5 August 1977
Host country
Malaysia
Host cities
Kuala Lumpur
Host leader
Prime Minister Hussein Onn
3rd
3rd
No.
3rd
Date
14–15 December 1987
Host country
Philippines
Host cities
Manila
Host leader
President Corazon Aquino
4th
4th
No.
4th
Date
27–29 January 1992
Host country
Singapore
Host cities
Singapore
Host leader
Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong
5th
5th
No.
5th
Date
14–15 December 1995
Host country
Thailand
Host cities
Bangkok
Host leader
Prime Minister Banharn Silpa-archa
6th
6th
No.
6th
Date
15–16 December 1998
Host country
Vietnam
Host cities
Hanoi
Host leader
Prime Minister Phan Văn Khải
7th
7th
No.
7th
Date
5–6 November 2001
Host country
Brunei
Host cities
Bandar Seri Begawan
Host leader
Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah
8th
8th
No.
8th
Date
4–5 November 2002
Host country
Cambodia
Host cities
Phnom Penh
Host leader
Prime Minister Hun Sen
9th
9th
No.
9th
Date
7–8 October 2003
Host country
Indonesia
Host cities
Bali
Host leader
President Megawati Soekarnoputri
10th
10th
No.
10th
Date
29–30 November 2004
Host country
Laos
Host cities
Vientiane
Host leader
Prime Minister Bounnhang Vorachith
11th
11th
No.
11th
Date
12–14 December 2005
Host country
Malaysia
Host cities
Kuala Lumpur
Host leader
Prime Minister Abdullah Ahmad Badawi
12th
12th
No.
12th
Date
11–14 January 2007
Host country
Philippines
Host cities
Mandaue
Host leader
President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
13th
13th
No.
13th
Date
18–22 November 2007
Host country
Singapore
Host cities
Singapore
Host leader
Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong
14th
14th
No.
14th
Date
27 February–1 March 2009
Host country
Thailand
Host cities
Cha-am and Hua Hin
Host leader
Prime Minister Abhisit Vejjajiva
10–11 April 2009
10–11 April 2009
No.
10–11 April 2009
Date
Pattaya
15th
15th
No.
15th
Date
23−25 October 2009
Host country
Cha-am and Hua Hin
16th
16th
No.
16th
Date
8–9 April 2010
Host country
Vietnam
Host cities
Hanoi
Host leader
Prime Minister Nguyễn Tấn Dũng
17th
17th
No.
17th
Date
28–31 October 2010
18th
18th
No.
18th
Date
7–8 May 2011
Host country
Indonesia
Host cities
Jakarta
Host leader
President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono
19th
19th
No.
19th
Date
14–19 November 2011
Host country
Bali
20th
20th
No.
20th
Date
3–4 April 2012
Host country
Cambodia
Host cities
Phnom Penh
Host leader
Prime Minister Hun Sen
21st
21st
No.
21st
Date
17–20 November 2012
22nd
22nd
No.
22nd
Date
24–25 April 2013
Host country
Brunei
Host cities
Bandar Seri Begawan
Host leader
Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah
23rd
23rd
No.
23rd
Date
9–10 October 2013
24th
24th
No.
24th
Date
10–11 May 2014
Host country
Myanmar
Host cities
Naypyidaw
Host leader
President Thein Sein
25th
25th
No.
25th
Date
12–13 November 2014
26th
26th
No.
26th
Date
26–27 April 2015
Host country
Malaysia
Host cities
Kuala Lumpur and Langkawi
Host leader
Prime Minister Najib Razak
27th
27th
No.
27th
Date
18–22 November 2015
Host country
Kuala Lumpur
28th
28th
No.
28th
Date
6–8 September 2016
Host country
Laos
Host cities
Vientiane
Host leader
Prime Minister Thongloun Sisoulith
29th
29th
No.
29th
30th
30th
No.
30th
Date
28–29 April 2017
Host country
Philippines
Host cities
Pasay, Metro Manila
Host leader
President Rodrigo Duterte
31st
31st
No.
31st
Date
10–14 November 2017
32nd
32nd
No.
32nd
Date
27–28 April 2018
Host country
Singapore
Host cities
Singapore
Host leader
Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong
33rd
33rd
No.
33rd
Date
11–15 November 2018
34th
34th
No.
34th
Date
20–23 June 2019
Host country
Thailand
Host cities
Bangkok
Host leader
Prime Minister Prayut Chan-o-cha
35th
35th
No.
35th
Date
31 October–4 November 2019
36th
36th
No.
36th
Date
26 June 2020
Host country
Vietnam
Host cities
Hanoi (as Chair's venue)
Host leader
Prime Minister Nguyễn Xuân Phúc
37th
37th
No.
37th
Date
11–15 November 2020
38th
38th
No.
38th
Date
26–28 October 2021
Host country
Brunei
Host cities
Bandar Seri Begawan (as Chair's venue)
Host leader
Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah
39th
39th
No.
39th
40th
40th
No.
40th
Date
10–13 November 2022
Host country
Cambodia
Host cities
Phnom Penh
Host leader
Prime Minister Hun Sen
41st
41st
No.
41st
42nd
42nd
No.
42nd
Date
9–11 May 2023
Host country
Indonesia
Host cities
Labuan Bajo
Host leader
President Joko Widodo
43rd
43rd
No.
43rd
Date
5–7 September 2023
Host country
Jakarta
44th
44th
No.
44th
Date
6–11 October 2024
Host country
Laos
Host cities
Vientiane
Host leader
Prime Minister Sonexay Siphandone
45th
45th
No.
45th
46th
46th
No.
46th
Date
26–27 May 2025
Host country
Malaysia
Host cities
Kuala Lumpur
Host leader
Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim
47th
47th
No.
47th
Date
26–28 October 2025
48th
48th
No.
48th
Date
2026
Host country
Philippines
Host leader
President Bongbong Marcos
49th
49th
No.
49th
No.
Date
Host country
Host cities
Host leader
1st
23–24 February 1976
Indonesia
Bali
President Soeharto
2nd
4–5 August 1977
Malaysia
Kuala Lumpur
Prime Minister Hussein Onn
3rd
14–15 December 1987
Philippines
Manila
President Corazon Aquino
4th
27–29 January 1992
Singapore
Singapore
Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong
5th
14–15 December 1995
Thailand
Bangkok
Prime Minister Banharn Silpa-archa
6th
15–16 December 1998
Vietnam
Hanoi
Prime Minister Phan Văn Khải
7th
5–6 November 2001
Brunei
Bandar Seri Begawan
Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah
8th
4–5 November 2002
Cambodia
Phnom Penh
Prime Minister Hun Sen
9th
7–8 October 2003
Indonesia
Bali
President Megawati Soekarnoputri
10th
29–30 November 2004
Laos
Vientiane
Prime Minister Bounnhang Vorachith
11th
12–14 December 2005
Malaysia
Kuala Lumpur
Prime Minister Abdullah Ahmad Badawi
12th
11–14 January 2007
Philippines
Mandaue
President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
13th
18–22 November 2007
Singapore
Singapore
Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong
14th
27 February–1 March 2009
Thailand
Cha-am and Hua Hin
Prime Minister Abhisit Vejjajiva
10–11 April 2009
Pattaya
15th
23−25 October 2009
Cha-am and Hua Hin
16th
8–9 April 2010
Vietnam
Hanoi
Prime Minister Nguyễn Tấn Dũng
17th
28–31 October 2010
18th
7–8 May 2011
Indonesia
Jakarta
President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono
19th
14–19 November 2011
Bali
20th
3–4 April 2012
Cambodia
Phnom Penh
Prime Minister Hun Sen
21st
17–20 November 2012
22nd
24–25 April 2013
Brunei
Bandar Seri Begawan
Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah
23rd
9–10 October 2013
24th
10–11 May 2014
Myanmar
Naypyidaw
President Thein Sein
25th
12–13 November 2014
26th
26–27 April 2015
Malaysia
Kuala Lumpur and Langkawi
Prime Minister Najib Razak
27th
18–22 November 2015
Kuala Lumpur
28th
6–8 September 2016
Laos
Vientiane
Prime Minister Thongloun Sisoulith
29th
30th
28–29 April 2017
Philippines
Pasay, Metro Manila
President Rodrigo Duterte
31st
10–14 November 2017
32nd
27–28 April 2018
Singapore
Singapore
Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong
33rd
11–15 November 2018
34th
20–23 June 2019
Thailand
Bangkok
Prime Minister Prayut Chan-o-cha
35th
31 October–4 November 2019
36th
26 June 2020
Vietnam
Hanoi (as Chair's venue)
Prime Minister Nguyễn Xuân Phúc
37th
11–15 November 2020
38th
26–28 October 2021
Brunei
Bandar Seri Begawan (as Chair's venue)
Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah
39th
40th
10–13 November 2022
Cambodia
Phnom Penh
Prime Minister Hun Sen
41st
42nd
9–11 May 2023
Indonesia
Labuan Bajo
President Joko Widodo
43rd
5–7 September 2023
Jakarta
44th
6–11 October 2024
Laos
Vientiane
Prime Minister Sonexay Siphandone
45th
46th
26–27 May 2025
Malaysia
Kuala Lumpur
Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim
47th
26–28 October 2025
48th
2026
Philippines
President Bongbong Marcos
· ASEAN Summit Meetings
No
No
ASEAN Informal Summits
No
ASEAN Informal Summits
Date
ASEAN Informal Summits
Country
ASEAN Informal Summits
Host
ASEAN Informal Summits
Host leader
1st
1st
ASEAN Informal Summits
1st
ASEAN Informal Summits
30 November 1996
ASEAN Informal Summits
Indonesia
ASEAN Informal Summits
Jakarta
ASEAN Informal Summits
President Soeharto
2nd
2nd
ASEAN Informal Summits
2nd
ASEAN Informal Summits
14‒16 December 1997
ASEAN Informal Summits
Malaysia
ASEAN Informal Summits
Kuala Lumpur
ASEAN Informal Summits
Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad
3rd
3rd
ASEAN Informal Summits
3rd
ASEAN Informal Summits
27‒28 November 1999
ASEAN Informal Summits
Philippines
ASEAN Informal Summits
Pasay
ASEAN Informal Summits
President Joseph Estrada
4th
4th
ASEAN Informal Summits
4th
ASEAN Informal Summits
22‒25 November 2000
ASEAN Informal Summits
Singapore
ASEAN Informal Summits
Singapore
ASEAN Informal Summits
Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong
ASEAN Informal Summits
No
Date
Country
Host
Host leader
1st
30 November 1996
Indonesia
Jakarta
President Soeharto
2nd
14‒16 December 1997
Malaysia
Kuala Lumpur
Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad
3rd
27‒28 November 1999
Philippines
Pasay
President Joseph Estrada
4th
22‒25 November 2000
Singapore
Singapore
Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong
· ASEAN Summit Meetings
Name
Name
ASEAN Special Summit
Name
ASEAN Special Summit
Date
ASEAN Special Summit
Country
ASEAN Special Summit
Location
ASEAN Special Summit
Leader
Special ASEAN Leaders' Meeting on Aftermath of Earthquake and Tsunami
Special ASEAN Leaders' Meeting on Aftermath of Earthquake and Tsunami
ASEAN Special Summit
Special ASEAN Leaders' Meeting on Aftermath of Earthquake and Tsunami
ASEAN Special Summit
6 January 2005
ASEAN Special Summit
Indonesia
ASEAN Special Summit
Jakarta (ASEAN Secretariat)
ASEAN Special Summit
Prime Minister Abdullah Ahmad Badawi
Special ASEAN summit on COVID-19
Special ASEAN summit on COVID-19
ASEAN Special Summit
Special ASEAN summit on COVID-19
ASEAN Special Summit
14 April 2020
ASEAN Special Summit
Vietnam
ASEAN Special Summit
Hanoi (as Chair's venue)
ASEAN Special Summit
Prime Minister Nguyễn Xuân Phúc
ASEAN Leaders' Meeting - COVID-19 Pandemic, External Relations & Common Interest
ASEAN Leaders' Meeting - COVID-19 Pandemic, External Relations & Common Interest
ASEAN Special Summit
ASEAN Leaders' Meeting - COVID-19 Pandemic, External Relations & Common Interest
ASEAN Special Summit
24 April 2021
ASEAN Special Summit
Indonesia
ASEAN Special Summit
Jakarta (ASEAN Secretariat)
ASEAN Special Summit
Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah
ASEAN Special Summit
Name
Date
Country
Location
Leader
Special ASEAN Leaders' Meeting on Aftermath of Earthquake and Tsunami
6 January 2005
Indonesia
Jakarta (ASEAN Secretariat)
Prime Minister Abdullah Ahmad Badawi
Special ASEAN summit on COVID-19
14 April 2020
Vietnam
Hanoi (as Chair's venue)
Prime Minister Nguyễn Xuân Phúc
ASEAN Leaders' Meeting - COVID-19 Pandemic, External Relations & Common Interest
24 April 2021
Indonesia
Jakarta (ASEAN Secretariat)
Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah

References

  1. Originally scheduled from 10‒14 December 2006, but rescheduled due to Typhoon Seniang.
  2. Hosted the summit because Myanmar backed out due to pressure from the United States and the European Union.
  3. This summit consisted of two parts. The first part was moved from 12‒17 December 2008 due to the 2008 Thai political cri
  4. Indonesia hosted in 2011 by swapping years with Brunei, as it played host to 2013 APEC Summit (along with the possibilit
  5. The 36th to 39th ASEAN Summits were held online due to the COVID-19 pandemic and hosted by the member states where the s
  6. Myanmar chose not to attend the 38th to 43rd ASEAN Summits after its military leaders were barred from attending followi
  7. Myanmar skipped its turn in hosting the 48th and 49th ASEAN Summits. The Philippines, which was originally scheduled to
  8. Roadmap to an Asean Economic Community
  9. The Philippine STAR
    https://web.archive.org/web/20171201035820/http://m.philstar.com/782974/show/7eb7803727e8504defe21782560fab71/
  10. www.untvweb.com
    https://web.archive.org/web/20180615222947/https://www.untvweb.com/news/world-leaders-praised-the-philippines-on-how-it-hosted-the-asean-summit/
  11. "Economic Achievement"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20090508052125/http://www.aseansec.org/11832.htm
  12. "External Relations"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20081211214321/http://www.aseansec.org/10370.htm
  13. "Relation between Japan and ASEAN"
    http://www.mofa.go.jp/region/asia-paci/asean/pmv9812/relation.html
  14. "ASEAN Leaders Sign Five Agreements at the 12th ASEAN Summit, Cebu, the Philippines, 13 January 2007"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20070128030214/http://www.aseansec.org/19223.htm
  15. Hội nghị thượng đỉnh ASEAN: Thái Lan huy động lực lượng an ninh lớn [dead link] (in Vietnamese)
    http://www.nguoi-viet.com/absolutenm/anmviewer.asp?a=103084&z=5
  16. Al Jazeera
    http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/09/south-china-sea-row-overshadows-asean-summit-160907051502873.html
  17. Association of Southeast Asian Nations
    https://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/1.-The-ASEAN-Charter-23rd-Reprint.pdf
  18. Association of Southeast Asian Nations
    https://asean.org/category/chairmanship/
  19. Deutsche Welle
    https://www.dw.com/en/thailands-new-prime-minister-takes-office/a-73908316
  20. CNA
    https://www.channelnewsasia.com/asia/thailand-pm-paetongtarn-court-ruling-decision-hun-sen-cambodia-5321511
  21. Asean.org
    https://asean.org/chairmans-statement-of-the-25th-asean-summit/
  22. "Special ASEAN Leaders' Meeting on Aftermath of Earthquake and Tsunami Jakarta 6 January 2005"
    https://asean.org/speechandstatement/special-asean-leaders-meeting-on-aftermath-of-earthquake-and-tsunami-jakarta-6-january-2005/
  23. The Straits Times
    https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/asean-to-hold-virtual-summits-to-discuss-response-to-covid-19
  24. "Outcome Documents"
    http://www.14thaseansummit.org/document_main.php
  25. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/12/world/asia/12thai.html
  26. Thai protesters force Asia summit cancellation Archived 16 April 2009 at the Wayback Machine by Bill Tarrant, Reuters (p
    https://ottawacitizen.com/Business/Thai+protesters+force+Asia+summit+cancellation/1486033/story.html
  27. Timor-Leste Needs Five Years to Join ASEAN: PM , AFP, 27 July 2006, accessed on 22 December 2008
    https://web.archive.org/web/20070609190633/http://www.aseansec.org/afp/154.htm
  28. Excerpts from the Joint Communique of the 35th ASEAN Ministerial Meeting, Bandar Seri Begawan, 29-30 July 2002
    https://web.archive.org/web/20030627054824/http://www.aseansec.org/13417.htm
  29. Xinhua – English
    https://web.archive.org/web/20090302023138/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2005-12/02/content_3869104.htm
  30. The Sydney Morning Herald
    https://www.smh.com.au/news/world/east-timor-asean-bid/2006/07/22/1153166635002.html
  31. "Official Visit of Minister for Foreign Affairs and Cooperation of the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste, Dr. Dionísio Da Costa Babo Soares to Malaysia 1 - 2 July 2019"
    http://www.kln.gov.my/web/guest/-/press-release-official-visit-of-minister-for-foreign-affairs-and-cooperation-of-the-democratic-republic-of-timor-leste-dr-dionisio-da-costa-babo-soare
  32. Reuters
    https://www.reuters.com/world/asean-agrees-principle-admit-east-timor-11th-member-2022-11-11/
  33. The Interpreter
    https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/timor-leste-update-parliamentary-elections-roadmap-asean-membership
  34. "Forging a New Era: Timor-Leste Admitted into ASEAN"
    https://asean.org/forging-a-new-era-timor-leste-admitted-into-asean/
  35. "ASEAN lawmakers want Myanmar membership stripped"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20041128154122/http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/KLR196069.htm
  36. "ASSISTANCE ASSOCIATION FOR POLITICAL PRISONERS (BURMA)"
    https://aappb.org/
  37. ASEAN Parliamentarians for Human Rights
    https://aseanmp.org/2021/04/20/myanmars-national-unity-government-must-be-invited-to-this-weeks-asean-special-summit-mps-say/
  38. Reuters
    https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/regional-ngos-urge-asean-include-ousted-myanmar-lawmakers-crisis-summit-2021-04-23/
  39. ASEAN Summit 2021
    https://web.archive.org/web/20210424135206/http://asean2021.bn/Theme/news/news-24.04.21-csalm.aspx
  40. Al Jazeera
    https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/11/11/southeast-asia-leaders-struggle-with-myanmar-crisis-at-summit
  41. Voice of America
    https://www.voanews.com/a/myanmar-s-seat-is-empty-as-vp-harris-speaks-to-asean-leaders-/7256962.html
  42. Kyodo News
    https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2024/10/e392b9ac9687-asean-summit-to-discuss-myanmar-south-china-sea.html
  43. Dawn
    https://www.dawn.com/news/375273
  44. "Agreement Establishing the ASEAN-Australia-New Zealand Free Trade Area"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20090320063211/http://www.aseansec.org/22260.pdf
  45. Al Jazeera
    http://english.aljazeera.net/news/asia-pacific/2009/02/200922842036827268.html
  46. Australian Broadcasting Corporation
    https://web.archive.org/web/20050408153559/http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200412/s1255163.htm
  47. Southeast Asia Leaders Advance Free Trade with Six Major Countries Archived 16 April 2005 at the Wayback Machine
    http://www.voanews.com/english/2004-11-30-voa34.cfm
  48. The Star
    https://archive.today/20251026172627/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2005/07/29/downer-we-are-australians
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