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95th United States Congress

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95th United States Congress

The 95th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from January 3, 1977, to January 3, 1979, during the final weeks of Gerald Ford's presidency and the first two years of Jimmy Carter's presidency. The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the 1970 United States census. Both chambers maintained a Democratic supermajority, and with Jimmy Carter being sworn in as president on January 20, 1977, this gave the Democrats an overall federal government trifecta for the first time since the 90th Congress ending in 1969. As of 2022, this was the most recent Congress to approve an amendment (the unratified District of Columbia Voting Rights Amendment) to the Constitution. This is the last time the Democratic Party or any political party held a 2/3 supermajority in the House. This is the last congress to at any point have no female senators (from its beginning, January 3, 1977, until the swearing-in of Muriel Humphrey (D-MN) on January 25, 1978; and again from the departure of both Humphrey and Maryon Allen (D-AL) on November 7, 1978, to the early swearing-in of Nancy Kassebaum (R-KS) on December 23, 1978).[1]

Infobox

Members
100 senators435 representatives5 non-voting delegates
Senate majority
Democratic
Senate President
Nelson Rockefeller (R)[a](until January 20, 1977)Walter Mondale (D)(from January 20, 1977)
House majority
Democratic
House Speaker
Tip O'Neill (D)

Tables

· Party summary › Senate
Conservative(C)
Conservative(C)
Col 1
Conservative(C)
Party(shading shows control)
Democratic(D)
Party(shading shows control)
Independent(I)
Party(shading shows control)
Republican(R)
End of previous congress
End of previous congress
Col 1
End of previous congress
Party(shading shows control)
1
Party(shading shows control)
60
Party(shading shows control)
1
Party(shading shows control)
38
Total
100
Vacant
0
Begin
Begin
Col 1
Begin
Party(shading shows control)
0
Party(shading shows control)
61
Party(shading shows control)
1
Party(shading shows control)
38
Total
100
Vacant
0
End
End
Col 1
End
Party(shading shows control)
58
Party(shading shows control)
41
Final voting share
Final voting share
Col 1
Final voting share
Party(shading shows control)
0.0%
Party(shading shows control)
58.0%
Party(shading shows control)
1.0%
Party(shading shows control)
41.0%
Beginning of next congress
Beginning of next congress
Col 1
Beginning of next congress
Party(shading shows control)
0
Party(shading shows control)
58
Party(shading shows control)
1
Party(shading shows control)
41
Total
100
Vacant
0
Party(shading shows control)
Total
Vacant
Conservative(C)
Democratic(D)
Independent(I)
Republican(R)
End of previous congress
1
60
1
38
100
0
Begin
0
61
1
38
100
0
End
58
41
Final voting share
0.0%
58.0%
1.0%
41.0%
Beginning of next congress
0
58
1
41
100
0
· Party summary › House of Representatives
Democratic(D)
Democratic(D)
Col 1
Democratic(D)
Party(shading shows control)
Republican(R)
End of previous congress
End of previous congress
Col 1
End of previous congress
Party(shading shows control)
287
Party(shading shows control)
146
Total
433
Vacant
2
Begin
Begin
Col 1
Begin
Party(shading shows control)
292
Party(shading shows control)
143
Total
435
Vacant
0
End
End
Col 1
End
Party(shading shows control)
275
Party(shading shows control)
141
Total
416
Vacant
19
Final voting share
Final voting share
Col 1
Final voting share
Party(shading shows control)
66.1%
Party(shading shows control)
33.9%
Beginning of next congress
Beginning of next congress
Col 1
Beginning of next congress
Party(shading shows control)
276
Party(shading shows control)
157
Total
433
Vacant
2
Party(shading shows control)
Total
Vacant
Democratic(D)
Republican(R)
End of previous congress
287
146
433
2
Begin
292
143
435
0
End
275
141
416
19
Final voting share
66.1%
33.9%
Beginning of next congress
276
157
433
2
Senate changes · Changes in membership › Senate
Arkansas(2)
Arkansas(2)
State(class)
Arkansas(2)
Vacated by
John L. McClellan(D)
Reason for change
Died November 28, 1977.Successor appointed to finish the term.
Successor
Kaneaster Hodges Jr.(D)
Date of successor'sformal installation
December 10, 1977
Montana(2)
Montana(2)
State(class)
Montana(2)
Vacated by
Lee Metcalf(D)
Reason for change
Died January 12, 1978.Successor appointed to finish the term.
Successor
Paul G. Hatfield(D)
Date of successor'sformal installation
January 22, 1978
Minnesota(1)
Minnesota(1)
State(class)
Minnesota(1)
Vacated by
Hubert Humphrey(DFL)
Reason for change
Died January 13, 1978.Successor appointed to continue the term.
Successor
Muriel Humphrey(DFL)
Date of successor'sformal installation
January 25, 1978
Alabama(3)
Alabama(3)
State(class)
Alabama(3)
Vacated by
James Allen(D)
Reason for change
Died June 1, 1978.Successor appointed to continue the term.
Successor
Maryon Pittman Allen(D)
Date of successor'sformal installation
June 8, 1978
Alabama(3)
Alabama(3)
State(class)
Alabama(3)
Vacated by
Maryon Pittman Allen(D)
Reason for change
Appointee lost special election.Successor elected November 7, 1978.
Successor
Donald Stewart(D)
Date of successor'sformal installation
November 8, 1978
Minnesota(1)
Minnesota(1)
State(class)
Minnesota(1)
Vacated by
Muriel Humphrey(DFL)
Reason for change
Appointee retired when successor qualified.Successor elected November 7, 1978.
Successor
David Durenberger(I-R)
Date of successor'sformal installation
November 8, 1978
Montana(2)
Montana(2)
State(class)
Montana(2)
Vacated by
Paul G. Hatfield(D)
Reason for change
Lost nomination to the next term.Resigned early December 12, 1978.Successor appointed, having already been elected to the next term.
Successor
Max Baucus(D)
Date of successor'sformal installation
December 15, 1978
Kansas(2)
Kansas(2)
State(class)
Kansas(2)
Vacated by
James B. Pearson(R)
Reason for change
Resigned December 23, 1978.Successor appointed, having already been elected to the next term.
Successor
Nancy Kassebaum(R)
Date of successor'sformal installation
December 23, 1978
Mississippi(2)
Mississippi(2)
State(class)
Mississippi(2)
Vacated by
James Eastland(D)
Reason for change
Resigned December 27, 1978.Successor appointed, having already been elected to the next term.
Successor
Thad Cochran(R)
Date of successor'sformal installation
December 27, 1978
Minnesota(2)
Minnesota(2)
State(class)
Minnesota(2)
Vacated by
Wendell R. Anderson(DFL)
Reason for change
Resigned December 29, 1978.Successor appointed, having already been elected to the next term.
Successor
Rudy Boschwitz(I-R)
Date of successor'sformal installation
December 30, 1978
Wyoming(2)
Wyoming(2)
State(class)
Wyoming(2)
Vacated by
Clifford Hansen(R)
Reason for change
Resigned December 31, 1978.Successor appointed, having already been elected to the next term.
Successor
Alan Simpson(R)
Date of successor'sformal installation
January 1, 1979
Virginia(2)
Virginia(2)
State(class)
Virginia(2)
Vacated by
William L. Scott(R)
Reason for change
Resigned January 1, 1979.Successor appointed, having already been elected to the next term.
Successor
John Warner(R)
Date of successor'sformal installation
January 2, 1979
State(class)
Vacated by
Reason for change
Successor
Date of successor'sformal installation
Arkansas(2)
John L. McClellan(D)
Died November 28, 1977.Successor appointed to finish the term.
Kaneaster Hodges Jr.(D)
December 10, 1977
Montana(2)
Lee Metcalf(D)
Died January 12, 1978.Successor appointed to finish the term.
Paul G. Hatfield(D)
January 22, 1978
Minnesota(1)
Hubert Humphrey(DFL)
Died January 13, 1978.Successor appointed to continue the term.
Muriel Humphrey(DFL)
January 25, 1978
Alabama(3)
James Allen(D)
Died June 1, 1978.Successor appointed to continue the term.
Maryon Pittman Allen(D)
June 8, 1978
Alabama(3)
Maryon Pittman Allen(D)
Appointee lost special election.Successor elected November 7, 1978.
Donald Stewart(D)
November 8, 1978
Minnesota(1)
Muriel Humphrey(DFL)
Appointee retired when successor qualified.Successor elected November 7, 1978.
David Durenberger(I-R)
November 8, 1978
Montana(2)
Paul G. Hatfield(D)
Lost nomination to the next term.Resigned early December 12, 1978.Successor appointed, having already been elected to the next term.
Max Baucus(D)
December 15, 1978
Kansas(2)
James B. Pearson(R)
Resigned December 23, 1978.Successor appointed, having already been elected to the next term.
Nancy Kassebaum(R)
December 23, 1978
Mississippi(2)
James Eastland(D)
Resigned December 27, 1978.Successor appointed, having already been elected to the next term.
Thad Cochran(R)
December 27, 1978
Minnesota(2)
Wendell R. Anderson(DFL)
Resigned December 29, 1978.Successor appointed, having already been elected to the next term.
Rudy Boschwitz(I-R)
December 30, 1978
Wyoming(2)
Clifford Hansen(R)
Resigned December 31, 1978.Successor appointed, having already been elected to the next term.
Alan Simpson(R)
January 1, 1979
Virginia(2)
William L. Scott(R)
Resigned January 1, 1979.Successor appointed, having already been elected to the next term.
John Warner(R)
January 2, 1979
House changes · Changes in membership › House of Representatives
Minnesota 7th
Minnesota 7th
District
Minnesota 7th
Vacated by
Robert Bergland (DFL)
Reason for change
Resigned January 22, 1977, after being appointed United States Secretary of Agriculture
Successor
Arlan Stangeland (R)
Date of successor'sformal installation
February 22, 1977
Washington 7th
Washington 7th
District
Washington 7th
Vacated by
Brock Adams (D)
Reason for change
Resigned January 22, 1977, after being appointed United States Secretary of Transportation
Successor
John E. Cunningham (R)
Date of successor'sformal installation
May 17, 1977
Georgia 5th
Georgia 5th
District
Georgia 5th
Vacated by
Andrew Young (D)
Reason for change
Resigned January 29, 1977, after being appointed United States Ambassador to the United Nations
Successor
Wyche Fowler (D)
Date of successor'sformal installation
April 6, 1977
Louisiana 1st
Louisiana 1st
District
Louisiana 1st
Vacated by
Richard Alvin Tonry (D)
Reason for change
Forced to resign May 4, 1977
Successor
Bob Livingston (R)
Date of successor'sformal installation
August 27, 1977
New York 18th
New York 18th
District
New York 18th
Vacated by
Ed Koch (D)
Reason for change
Resigned December 31, 1977, after being elected Mayor of New York City
Successor
Bill Green (R)
Date of successor'sformal installation
February 14, 1978
New York 21st
New York 21st
District
New York 21st
Vacated by
Herman Badillo (D)
Reason for change
Resigned December 31, 1977, after becoming Deputy Mayor of New York City. Elected on the Republican and Liberal tickets on February 14, but officially took office as a Democrat after being accepted by the caucus on February 21.
Successor
Robert Garcia (D)
Date of successor'sformal installation
February 21, 1978
Tennessee 5th
Tennessee 5th
District
Tennessee 5th
Vacated by
Clifford Allen (D)
Reason for change
Died June 18, 1978
Successor
Vacant
Date of successor'sformal installation
Not filled this term
California 18th
California 18th
District
California 18th
Vacated by
William M. Ketchum (R)
Reason for change
Died June 24, 1978
Illinois 1st
Illinois 1st
District
Illinois 1st
Vacated by
Ralph Metcalfe (D)
Reason for change
Died October 10, 1978
Maryland 6th
Maryland 6th
District
Maryland 6th
Vacated by
Goodloe Byron (D)
Reason for change
Died October 11, 1978
California 11th
California 11th
District
California 11th
Vacated by
Leo Ryan (D)
Reason for change
Murdered by members of the Peoples Temple at the Guyana Airport November 18, 1978, shortly before the Jonestown Massacre
Wisconsin 6th
Wisconsin 6th
District
Wisconsin 6th
Vacated by
William A. Steiger (R)
Reason for change
Died December 4, 1978
Montana 1st
Montana 1st
District
Montana 1st
Vacated by
Max Baucus (D)
Reason for change
Resigned December 14, 1978, after being appointed to the U.S. Senate having already been elected.
Mississippi 4th
Mississippi 4th
District
Mississippi 4th
Vacated by
Thad Cochran (R)
Reason for change
Resigned December 26, 1978, after being appointed to the U.S. Senate having already been elected.
Wyoming at-large
Wyoming at-large
District
Wyoming at-large
Vacated by
Teno Roncalio (D)
Reason for change
Resigned December 30, 1978
California 3rd
California 3rd
District
California 3rd
Vacated by
John E. Moss (D)
Reason for change
Resigned December 31, 1978
California 14th
California 14th
District
California 14th
Vacated by
John J. McFall (D)
Reason for change
Resigned December 31, 1978
California 33rd
California 33rd
District
California 33rd
Vacated by
Del M. Clawson (R)
Reason for change
Resigned December 31, 1978
Kansas 5th
Kansas 5th
District
Kansas 5th
Vacated by
Joe Skubitz (R)
Reason for change
Resigned December 31, 1978
Michigan 10th
Michigan 10th
District
Michigan 10th
Vacated by
Elford Albin Cederberg (R)
Reason for change
Resigned December 31, 1978
New Jersey 14th
New Jersey 14th
District
New Jersey 14th
Vacated by
Joseph A. LeFante (D)
Reason for change
Resigned December 31, 1978
New York 9th
New York 9th
District
New York 9th
Vacated by
James J. Delaney (D)
Reason for change
Resigned December 31, 1978
Texas 6th
Texas 6th
District
Texas 6th
Vacated by
Olin E. Teague (D)
Reason for change
Resigned December 31, 1978
Texas 11th
Texas 11th
District
Texas 11th
Vacated by
William R. Poage (D)
Reason for change
Resigned December 31, 1978
Texas 17th
Texas 17th
District
Texas 17th
Vacated by
Omar Burleson (D)
Reason for change
Resigned December 31, 1978
District
Vacated by
Reason for change
Successor
Date of successor'sformal installation
Minnesota 7th
Robert Bergland (DFL)
Resigned January 22, 1977, after being appointed United States Secretary of Agriculture
Arlan Stangeland (R)
February 22, 1977
Washington 7th
Brock Adams (D)
Resigned January 22, 1977, after being appointed United States Secretary of Transportation
John E. Cunningham (R)
May 17, 1977
Georgia 5th
Andrew Young (D)
Resigned January 29, 1977, after being appointed United States Ambassador to the United Nations
Wyche Fowler (D)
April 6, 1977
Louisiana 1st
Richard Alvin Tonry (D)
Forced to resign May 4, 1977
Bob Livingston (R)
August 27, 1977
New York 18th
Ed Koch (D)
Resigned December 31, 1977, after being elected Mayor of New York City
Bill Green (R)
February 14, 1978
New York 21st
Herman Badillo (D)
Resigned December 31, 1977, after becoming Deputy Mayor of New York City. Elected on the Republican and Liberal tickets on February 14, but officially took office as a Democrat after being accepted by the caucus on February 21.
Robert Garcia (D)
February 21, 1978
Tennessee 5th
Clifford Allen (D)
Died June 18, 1978
Vacant
Not filled this term
California 18th
William M. Ketchum (R)
Died June 24, 1978
Illinois 1st
Ralph Metcalfe (D)
Died October 10, 1978
Maryland 6th
Goodloe Byron (D)
Died October 11, 1978
California 11th
Leo Ryan (D)
Murdered by members of the Peoples Temple at the Guyana Airport November 18, 1978, shortly before the Jonestown Massacre
Wisconsin 6th
William A. Steiger (R)
Died December 4, 1978
Montana 1st
Max Baucus (D)
Resigned December 14, 1978, after being appointed to the U.S. Senate having already been elected.
Mississippi 4th
Thad Cochran (R)
Resigned December 26, 1978, after being appointed to the U.S. Senate having already been elected.
Wyoming at-large
Teno Roncalio (D)
Resigned December 30, 1978
California 3rd
John E. Moss (D)
Resigned December 31, 1978
California 14th
John J. McFall (D)
Resigned December 31, 1978
California 33rd
Del M. Clawson (R)
Resigned December 31, 1978
Kansas 5th
Joe Skubitz (R)
Resigned December 31, 1978
Michigan 10th
Elford Albin Cederberg (R)
Resigned December 31, 1978
New Jersey 14th
Joseph A. LeFante (D)
Resigned December 31, 1978
New York 9th
James J. Delaney (D)
Resigned December 31, 1978
Texas 6th
Olin E. Teague (D)
Resigned December 31, 1978
Texas 11th
William R. Poage (D)
Resigned December 31, 1978
Texas 17th
Omar Burleson (D)
Resigned December 31, 1978

References

  1. U.S. Vice President Nelson Rockefeller's term as President of the Senate ended at noon January 20, 1977, when Walter Mon
  2. The Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party (DFL) and the North Dakota Democratic-Nonpartisan League Party (D-NPL) are t
  3. The Republican Party of Minnesota was officially known as the Independent-Republicans of Minnesota from November 15, 197
  4. When seated or oath administered, not necessarily when service began.
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