2025 conclave

References

1. There have been more than 120 cardinal electors at several other points since 1975 but not at the time of a conclave.
2. "Electing a New Pope and Remembering Francis"
   https://www.gonzaga.edu/news-events/stories/2025/4/22/electing-a-new-pope-and-remembering-francis
3. RaiNews
   https://www.rainews.it/articoli/2025/05/il-conclave-la-legge-fondamentale-per-scegliere-il-papa-la-costituzione-universi-dominici-gregis-14f707da-c96b-4f58-a587-7a5aa5636b3f.html
4. Altalex
   https://www.altalex.com/documents/news/2025/05/05/soglie-conclave-anche-laico-puo-diventare-papa
5. Aleteia
   https://aleteia.org/2025/04/27/days-ahead-at-the-vatican-new-popes-first-trip-canonizations
6. Vatican News
   https://www.vaticannews.va/en/vatican-city/news/2025-04/conclave-elect-new-pope-cardinals-beginning-date-may-2025.html
7. USA Today
   https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2025/04/28/conclave-vatican-new-pope-election-live-updates/83322545007/
8. BBC
   https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c70q0980224o
9. The Guardian
   https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/apr/21/conclave-vatican-secret-process-for-choosing-new-pope
10. National Catholic Reporter
    https://www.ncronline.org/news/who-will-be-next-pope-inside-race-succeed-francis
11. "'They are looking for a mender': Catholic cardinals meet to elect next pope"
    https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/5/7/they-are-looking-for-a-mender-catholic-cardinals-meet-to-elect-next-pope
12. The Pillar
    https://www.pillarcatholic.com/p/the-cardinal-electors-by-the-numbers
13. Time
    https://time.com/7282265/papal-conclaves-surprising-facts-history/
14. The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/may/07/cardinals-begin-choosing-new-pope-conclave
15. Vatican News
    https://www.vaticannews.va/en/pope/news/2025-05/this-is-first-conclave-held-with-number-exceeding-120-electors.html
16. Time
    https://time.com/7279520/francis-appointed-cardinals-elect-new-pope-vatican-conclave-court-packing/
17. Vatican News
    https://www.vaticannews.va/en/vatican-city/news/2025-04/conclave-cardinal-electors-votes-133-becciu.html
18. infobae
    https://www.infobae.com/espana/2025/04/22/el-vaticano-pierde-a-uno-de-sus-cardenales-espanoles-electores-antonio-canizares-no-participara-en-el-conclave/
19. La Croix International
    https://international.la-croix.com/religion/conclave-explained-a-simple-guide-to-the-papal-election
20. National Catholic Register
    https://www.ncregister.com/features/surprising-firsts-and-lasts-in-papal-elections
21. CNN
    https://www.cnn.com/2025/04/23/europe/cardinal-becciu-conclave-controversy-intl/index.html
22. The Pillar
    https://www.pillarcatholic.com/p/cardinal-napier-we-need-someone-to
23. Vatican News
    https://www.vaticannews.va/en/vatican-city/news/2025-04/cardinal-becciu-renounces-participation-conclave-2025.html
24. "2 cardinal electors, from Spain and Kenya, will not attend upcoming conclave"
    https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/263763/2-cardinal-electors-from-spain-and-kenya-will-not-attend-upcoming-conclave
25. Reuters
    https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/vatican-conclave-pick-new-pope-world-waits-white-smoke-2025-05-07/
26. The Independent
    https://web.archive.org/web/20250224130642/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/what-is-a-conclave-pope-francis-health-b2703344.html
27. El País English
    https://english.elpais.com/international/2025-04-22/the-vatican-heads-toward-a-conclave-with-15-papal-candidates-already-emerging.html
28. The Standard
    https://www.standard.co.uk/news/world/pope-francis-death-runners-riders-b1223615.html
29. CNN
    https://edition.cnn.com/2025/05/06/world/cardinals-pope-conclave-dossier-candidates-intl
30. Politico
    https://www.politico.eu/article/vaticans-church-catholic-pope-francis-hard-right/
31. Politico
    https://www.politico.eu/article/pope-leo-xiv-francis-prevost-catholic-church-history-vatican-francis/
32. Ep. 209: What Cardinals Want
    https://www.pillarcatholic.com/p/ep-209-what-cardinals-want
33. The Wall Street Journal
    https://www.wsj.com/world/pope-francis-successor-conclave-catholic-church-92daa941
34. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/article/next-pope-francis-candidates.html
35. The Independent
    https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/new-pope-robert-prevost-francis-conclave-views-american-b2747723.html
36. France 24
    https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20250430-cardinals-lay-groundwork-for-conclave-hope-for-quick-vote
37. The Pillar
    https://www.pillarcatholic.com/p/the-short-and-the-long-of-conclave
38. "Cardinal Woelki predicts longer conclave than 2013 election of Pope Francis;"
    https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/263759/cardinal-woelki-expects-longer-papal-conclave-than-swift-election-of-pope-francis
39. ABC News
    https://abcnews.go.com/International/papal-conclave-days-cardinal-predictions/story?id=121267600
40. America Magazine
    https://www.americamagazine.org/faith/2025/04/30/how-long-conclave-250531
41. Times of Malta
    https://timesofmalta.com/article/cardinals-lay-groundwork-conclave-hope-quick-vote.1108980
42. Union of Catholic Asian News
    https://www.ucanews.com/news/cardinals-lay-groundwork-for-conclave-hope-for-quick-vote/108742
43. The Irish Times
    https://www.irishtimes.com/world/2025/04/21/who-will-be-the-next-pope-after-francis-and-how-does-the-process-work/
44. Associated Press
    https://apnews.com/article/next-pope-contenders-list-101d68d61be2401a85310e34b45371a9
45. BBC News
    https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/ckgxk40ndk1o
46. Nation Catholic Reporter
    https://www.ncronline.org/opinion/ncr-voices/what-history-tells-us-about-conclaves
47. The Independent
    https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/new-pope-conclave-francis-death-cardinal-who-b2739375.html
48. Il Foglio
    https://www.ilfoglio.it/chiesa/2025/04/21/news/chi-sara-il-prossimo-papa-i-nomi-papabili-per-il-dopo-francesco-7437756/
49. The Tablet
    https://www.thetablet.co.uk/features/next-pope-papabile/
50. The Independent
    https://web.archive.org/web/20250507194344/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/papal-conclave-cardinals-new-pope-candidates-b2746175.html
51. Agenzia ANSA
    https://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/speciali/dalladdio-a-francesco-al-nuovo-papa/2025/05/08/nel-conclave-il-peso-degli-americani-dolan-pope-maker_df58b4dc-fca1-4900-a4bc-f8c9653ed022.html
52. National Catholic Reporter
    https://web.archive.org/web/20250509061128/https://www.ncronline.org/vatican/vatican-news/papal-front-runner-interest-polyglot-us-cardinal-prevost-rises-italian
53. PBS News Hour
    https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/who-will-be-pope-meet-some-possible-contenders
54. Time
    https://time.com/7282843/next-pope-candidates-zuppi-parolin-tagle-turkson-erdo/
55. RFI
    https://www.rfi.fr/en/international-news/20250421-the-papabili-15-potential-successors-to-pope-francis
56. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2025/05/02/world/americas/pope-candidate-cardinal-robert-francis-prevost.html
57. The Independent
    https://www.independent.co.uk/bulletin/news/new-pope-leo-xiv-cardinal-robert-prevost-b2747492.html
58. PBS News Hour
    https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/cardinal-prevost-elected-next-pope-first-american-pontiff
59. The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/apr/21/who-next-pope-francis-potential-candidates-succeed
60. Crux
    https://cruxnow.com/papal-transition/2025/05/papabile-of-the-day-cardinal-robert-francis-prevost
61. The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/apr/27/lobbying-for-next-pope-college-of-cardinals-conclave
62. USA Today
    https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2025/05/03/pope-betting-gambling-conclave-francis/83354706007/
63. NBC New York
    https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/pope-selection-betting-popularity/6249808/
64. Sportsbook Review
    https://www.sportsbookreview.com/picks/novelty/next-pope-odds-favorites-2025/
65. Axios
    https://www.axios.com/2025/05/08/robert-prevost-pope-prediction-markets
66. France 24
    https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20250429-video-game-rides-conclave-excitement-with-cardinal-fantasy-team
67. Reuters
    https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/italians-play-fantapapa-while-others-bet-identity-new-pope-2025-04-30/
68. Euronews
    https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2025/05/02/thousands-of-italians-play-fantapapa-a-fantasy-football-like-game-to-predict-the-next-pope
69. Il Mattino
    https://www.ilmattino.it/en/preparing_for_the_conclave_the_transformation_of_santa_marta-8795400.html
70. Wired
    https://www.wired.com/story/technology-used-to-shield-conclave-pope-francis/
71. NPR
    https://www.npr.org/2025/04/26/nx-s1-5374910/cardinal-vincent-nichols-expects-a-mood-of-reflection-at-his-first-conclave
72. Cybernews
    https://cybernews.com/security/vatican-cybersecurity-vote-pope/
73. Culture
    https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/article/130328-pope-francis-vatican-casa-santa-marta-apartment-rome-catholic
74. Catholic Vote
    https://catholicvote.org/record-number-cardinal-electors-logistical-challenge-conclave/
75. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2025/04/28/world/europe/papal-conclave-date.html
76. Vida Nueva
    https://www.vidanuevadigital.com/2025/04/30/operacion-desalojo-en-la-residencia-de-santa-marta-hay-sitio-para-los-133-cardenales-del-conclave/
77. Catholic Review
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78. "Casa Santa Marta undergoes transformation ahead of papal election"
    https://angelusnews.com/news/vatican/conclave-2025-santa-marta-preparation/
79. United States Conference of Catholic Bishops
    https://www.usccb.org/news/2025/conclave-elect-next-pope-will-begin-may-7
80. The Washington Post
    https://www.washingtonpost.com/religion/interactive/2025/pope-election-conclave-process/
81. NPR
    https://www.npr.org/2025/04/27/nx-s1-5374905/inside-the-sistine-chapel-before-the-college-of-cardinals-takes-over-for-the-conclave
82. AP News
    https://apnews.com/article/vatican-conclave-chimney-97dd5a6cb24294c85e48a933bf4e67b4
83. BBC
    https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20250430-the-secrets-of-feeding-the-papal-conclave
84. Florida Catholic Media
    https://www.thefloridacatholic.org/news/vatican/cardinals-hold-first-meeting-after-popes-death/article_33ca8861-262a-4628-bfe6-92ce7f1abf54.html
85. Time
    https://time.com/7278963/new-pope-election-process-conclave-cardinals-candidates-francis-death-successor/
86. EWTN Vatican
    https://www.ewtnvatican.com/articles/explainer-what-happens-during-the-vaticans-9-days-of-mourning-for-the-pope-5065
87. Vatican News
    https://www.vaticannews.va/en/vatican-city/news/2025-04/pope-death-what-happens-interregnum-sede-vacans.html
88. The Pillar
    https://www.pillarcatholic.com/p/a-sede-vacante-lexicon-know-your
89. Vatican News [@VaticanNews]
    https://x.com/VaticanNews/status/1915747609282494642
90. Crux
    https://cruxnow.com/vatican/2025/04/cardinals-face-litmus-test-on-abuse-ahead-of-conclave
91. America Magazine
    https://www.americamagazine.org/faith/2025/05/03/synod-synodality-conclave-250576
92. Catholic News Agency
    https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/263787/live-updates-cardinals-gather-as-conclave-to-elect-successor-to-pope-francis
93. RaiNews
    https://www.rainews.it/articoli/2025/04/da-lunedi-riprendono-le-congregazioni-sara-la-settimana-del-pre-conclave-marx-durera-poco-9724ce3c-8c97-43aa-aaeb-fe642aaf26de.html
94. Agenzia ANSA
    https://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/cronaca/2025/05/01/conclave-il-1-maggio-pausa-di-riflessione-niente-congregazioni-solo-messa_f0ed7905-80de-4486-9a80-05bfdddb3510.html
95. L'Unione Sarda
    https://www.unionesarda.it/news/italia/conclave-riprendono-le-congregazioni-generali-ancbmhkm
96. CNN
    https://edition.cnn.com/world/live-news/new-pope-conclave-day-one-05-07-25
97. BBC News
    https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c5y61yn9wdqo
98. CBC News
    https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/pope-conclave-cardinals-vatican-1.7522923
99. America Magazine
    https://www.americamagazine.org/faith/2025/05/01/papabile-conclave-new-pope-cardinals-list-250546
100. Crux
     https://cruxnow.com/church-in-asia/2025/04/there-are-no-candidates-in-a-conclave-says-filipino-cardinal-david
101. Catholic Herald
     https://www.thecatholicherald.com/a-conclave-doesnt-deal-in-candidates-cardinal-explains/
102. ABC Australia
     https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-04-22/what-goes-on-inside-papal-conclave/102166290
103. BBC
     https://www.bbc.com/news/videos/c78jqw75p6eo
104. The Wall Street Journal
     https://www.wsj.com/world/the-high-stakes-in-choosing-the-next-pope-1a3d5bc0?mod=article_inline
105. The Pillar
     https://www.pillarcatholic.com/p/politics-secrecy-and-excommunication
106. Vatican News
     https://www.vaticannews.va/en/vatican-city/news/2025-04/general-congregations-vatican-cardinals-funeral-translation.html
107. Exaudi
     https://www.exaudi.org/holy-see-canonization-of-carlo-acutis-postponed/
108. NCR
     https://www.ncregister.com/cna/general-congregation-begins-cardinals-suspend-beatifications-swear-to-secrecy
109. Crux
     https://cruxnow.com/vatican/2025/04/francis-legacy-lives-as-top-vatican-woman-gets-accidental-invite-to-conclave
110. Vatican Museum
     https://archive.today/20250424044331/https://www.museivaticani.va/content/museivaticani/en.html
111. Yahoo News
     https://www.yahoo.com/news/vaticans-sistine-chapel-close-monday-165812622.html
112. Vatican News
     https://www.vaticannews.va/en/vatican-city/news/2025-04/second-general-congregation-of-cardinals-held-in-the-vatican.html
113. CatholicVote.org
     https://catholicvote.org/cardinals-in-rome-hold-short-afternoon-general-congregation/
114. Vatican News
     https://www.vaticannews.va/en/vatican-city/news/2025-04/general-congregation-third-college-cardinals-thursday.html
115. OSV News
     https://www.osvnews.com/cardinals-choose-prelates-to-offer-reflections-on-church-future-pope/
116. Vatican News
     https://www.vaticannews.va/en/vatican-city/news/2025-04/cardinals-fourth-general-congregation-sede-vacante.html
117. National Catholic Reporter
     https://www.ncronline.org/vatican/process-select-new-pope-has-already-begun-cardinals-are-meeting-almost-daily-pre-conclave
118. BBC News
     https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cn05vg7dw72o
119. "Cardinals discuss Church's future as Sistine Chapel preparations begin"
     https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/263715/cardinals-discuss-catholic-church-s-future-challenges-as-sistine-chapel-preparations-begin-for-conclave
120. National Catholic Reporter
     https://www.ncronline.org/conclave-roundup-cardinal-selfies-name-tags-and-talk-pope-francis-dictator
121. Vida Nueva
     https://www.vidanuevadigital.com/2025/04/28/los-cardenales-conservadores-buscan-imponer-su-ritmo-y-narrativa-en-el-preconclave/
122. Vatican News
     https://www.vaticannews.va/en/vatican-city/news/2025-04/sixth-general-congregation-cardinals-future-church.html
123. Vatican.va
     https://press.vatican.va/content/dam/salastampa/it/bollettino/documentazione-linkata/Ab.%20Ogliari%20-%20Prima%20MEDITAZIONE%20ALLA%20CONGREGAZIONE%20GENERALE%20DEI%20CARDINALI%20.pdf
124. Vida Nueva
     https://www.vidanuevadigital.com/2025/04/30/fin-del-monopolio-en-el-preconclave-el-ala-del-concilio-vaticano-ii-toma-la-palabra-en-el-preconclave/
125. Vatican News
     https://www.vaticannews.va/en/vatican-city/news/2025-04/seventh-general-congregation-cardinals-wednesday.html
126. America Magazine
     https://archive.today/20250430204414/https://www.americamagazine.org/faith/2025/04/30/attack-pope-francis-campaign-cardinal-parolin-250534
127. National Catholic Reporter
     https://www.ncronline.org/vatican/vatican-news/conclave-roundup-conservative-cardinals-attack-pope-francis-legacy-us-and
128. CNN
     https://archive.today/20250502102333/https://edition.cnn.com/2025/05/02/europe/cardinals-conclave-pope-successor-crossroads-intl
129. La Repubblica
     https://www.repubblica.it/cronaca/2025/05/01/news/cardinali_tempo_libero_1_maggio-424160031/
130. National Catholic Reporter
     https://www.ncronline.org/vatican/vatican-news/conclave-roundup-conservative-cardinals-attack-pope-francis-legacy-us-and
131. Vatican News
     https://www.vaticannews.va/en/vatican-city/news/2025-05/cardinals-discuss-various-issues-at-ninth-general-congregation.html
132. Vatican News
     https://www.vaticannews.va/en/vatican-city/news/2025-05/cardinals-tenth-general-congregation-sede-vacante.html
133. Vatican News
     https://www.vaticannews.va/en/vatican-city/news/2025-05/11th-general-congregation-college-cardinals-monday-afternoon.html
134. Catholic News Agency
     https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/263875/cardinals-witness-destruction-of-pope-francis-ring-seal
135. Vatican.va
     https://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/events/event.dir.html/content/vaticanevents/en/2025/5/7/missa-proeligendo-pontifice.html
136. "Vatican drivers, staff to swear oath of secrecy ahead of conclave"
     https://www.osvnews.com/vatican-drivers-staff-to-swear-oath-of-secrecy-ahead-of-conclave/
137. ABC News
     https://abcnews.go.com/International/live-updates/papal-conclave-live-updates-cardinals-gather-vatican-elect/?id=121506573
138. The New York Times
     https://www.nytimes.com/2025/05/07/world/europe/cardinals-conclave-oath.html
139. Yahoo News
     https://www.yahoo.com/news/extra-omnes-habemus-papam-brush-050931408.html
140. The Guardian
     https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2025/may/07/new-pope-conclave-catholic-cardinals-papacy-vote-white-black-smoke-latest-live-news
141. America Magazine
     https://www.americamagazine.org/faith/2025/04/28/conclave-date-college-cardinals-250507
142. The New York Times
     https://www.nytimes.com/2025/05/11/world/europe/conclave-vote-pope-leo-robert-prevost.html?unlocked_article_code=1.GU8.94kO.5ynU9SABQMf0&smid=nytcore-android-share
143. The Wall Street Journal
     https://www.wsj.com/world/europe/pope-leo-xiv-conclave-election-robert-prevost-0eb0f255
144. Il Giornale
     https://www.ilgiornale.it/news/politica/parolin-e-litalia-i-grandi-delusi-rimasto-senza-voti-africa-2476395.html
145. ABC
     https://www.abc.es/sociedad/cardenal-prevost-dio-sorpresa-lidero-conclave-primera-20250509170703-nt.html
146. The New York Times
     https://www.nytimes.com/2025/05/11/world/europe/conclave-vote-pope-leo-robert-prevost.html?unlocked_article_code=1.GU8.94kO.5ynU9SABQMf0&smid=nytcore-android-share
147. CNN
     https://www.cnn.com/world/live-news/new-pope-conclave-day-one-05-07-25#cmae82aw8000g3b6panwf37js
148. BBC News
     https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/cn4we7prv4rt?post=asset%3A18245872-6f56-4470-8db4-55e6e1d7b2fe#post
149. The New York Times
     https://www.nytimes.com/2025/05/07/world/europe/black-smoke-white-smoke-vatican-pope-vote-conclave.html
150. BBC News
     https://www.bbc.com/news/live/cn4we7prv4rt?post=asset:439b5bed-7129-46fe-a86a-99a81125167b#post
151. BBC News
     https://www.bbc.com/news/live/cn4we7prv4rt
152. Il Messaggero
     https://www.ilmessaggero.it/vaticano/prevost_quanti_voti_ha_preso_conclave_parolin_tradito_italiani_pizzaballa_zuppi_piano_b_filoni-8827339.html
153. Quotidiano Nazionale
     https://www.quotidiano.net/cronaca/seconda-fumata-nera-votazioni-orari-fhz2w0jv
154. "Pope Leo XIV shares his thoughts on the conclave, reflects on spirituality and future travels"
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155. Corriere della Sera
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